BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


i  p< 
*Wi«/|re" 


UTAH 

The  Inland   Empire 


ILLUSTRATED. 


The  Story  of  the  Pioneers. 

Resources  and  Industries  of  the  State. 
Attractions  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Leading  Men  of  the  Community. 


Written,   Compiled  and  Published  under  the  direction  of 
ARTHUR  T.   SARGF.NT 


I  I  IK    DKSKRKT    NKWS, 

SALT  I.AKI:  CITY,  UTAH. 


9° 


THE  PONY   EXPRESS. 

How  thr   I'nitrd  Sum  Miil  wn  brought  tn  t'uh  fifty  von  >|o. 


SUNSET  ON  GREAT  SALT  LAKE,  FROM  SALTAIR    BEACH. 
Copyrighted  1901,  by   Harry  Shipler>  Salt  Lake  City. 


Proem. 


BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 

For  many  years  a  demand  has  existed,  both  on  the  part  of  our  own  public,  and  the 
many  tourists  who  find  in  Utah  a  fascinating  field  for  their  investigations,  for  a  work  which 
should  embody  in  convenient  form  an  authentic  record  of  the  settlement  of  this  state,  its 
growth  and  development,  its  industries,  its  attractions  and  of  the  men  whose  genius  and 
energy  have  made  the  commonwealth  what  it  is. 

It  is  to  supply  this  demand  that  "  UTAH,  THE  INLAND  EMPIRE,"  has  been  prepared. 
The  various  articles  presented  are  from  the  pens  of  writers  known  as  authorities  in  the 
fields  they  cover,  and  all  the  facts  stated  may  be  relied  on  as  being  from  authentic  sources. 
The  figures  presented  are  the  latest  compiled,  and  the  various  illustrations  are  from  photo- 
graphs taken  specially  for  this  publication. 

The  historic  interest  attached  to  Utah,  and  her  rapidly  growing  importance  in  the 
mining,  industrial  and  commercial  world,  will,  we  feel  assured,  justify  the  pains  expended 
in  preparing  this  offering  to  the  public. 

THE    DESERET    NEWS. 
Salt   Lake  City,   Utah, 

December,   1902. 


warn, 


THK  arrival   of  the  Pioneers  upon   the  shores  of  the 
Great  Salt  I^ake  was  an  epoch  In  American  history  as 
momentuous  and  far-reaching  in  its  consequences  as 
the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  upon  Plymouth  Rock.    In  either 
case  it  meant  the  founding  of  an  Empire,  the  establishment 


^  ,  ''   •  . 


A  PIONEER'S  HOME. 

of  States  that  were  to  form  Integral  parts  of  the  mightiest 
of  modern  nations:  and  that,  too,  by  representatives  of  the 
world-dominating  Anglo-Saxon  race. 

Brigham  Young,  the  leader  of  the  Pioneers,  was  a  de- 
scendant of  the  Pilgrims  who  settled  New  England  and  of 
Hi.-  Patriots  who  established  the  independence  of  the 
Colonies.  As  such  he  was  a  type  of  the  people  whom  he 
led  a  thousand  miles  Into  the  wilderness  to  lay  the  founda- 
tions of  the  commonwealth  whose  sovereign  star  is  forty- 
fifth  upon  the  flag  of  the  Union.  Mainly  of  Yankee  origin 
were  the  earlier  settlers  of  Utah,  though  the  Mormon 
community  was  liberally  sprinkled,  even  then,  with  emi- 
grants from  other  parts.  As  early  as  the  year  1840  a  ship 


load  of  their  proselytes  from  Europe  had  steamed  up  the 
Mississippi  and  landed  at  the  wharf  below  their  terraced 
and  temple-crowned  city  on  the  banks  of  the  Father  of 
Waters.  This  was  the  beginning  of  Mormon  immigration 
from  abroad;  but  "the  gathering,"  as  It  was  styled,  had 
been  in  progress  upon  this  continent  for  a  decade,  and  had 
called  forth  converts  from  the  Canadian  Provinces  and 
from  various  states  in  the  Union.  It  was  a  small  but 
picked  band  from  the  body  of  the  persecuted  community 
expelled  from  Illinois  in  1846,  that  Brigham  Young  led 


IN    I  III    DAY*  «• 


JOSKPH    SMITH. 

Kim  rmldcnt  of  Ihf  Church  of  Jrtui  Chtiil 
of  Litter  Di»  -nun. 

from  the  Missouri  River  to  Salt  I,ake  Valley  the  year  fol- 
lowing. 

What  Is  now  the  state  of  Utah,  glittering  with  Hi  leu. 
smiling  with  orchards  and  vineyards,  dottrel  with  thi> 
peaceful  and  happy  honirs  of  a  ipiart.-r  of  a  million  people. 
WM  then  a  sun-baked  alkalln<>  dcHert.  Infested  with  sav- 
age*, wild  beasts  and  venomous  reptiles,  whiumed  by  the 
occasional  went  i» mini  Immigrant  as  a  land  of  desolation 
and  death,  and  habitable  only  tn  while-  men  in  tin-  PIT 
sons  of  a  few  wandering  trappers,  roaming  over  the  snow- 
<  npped  mountains  and  sun-parched  plains.  It  was  a  por- 
tion—and the  most  forbidding  portion—of  what  was  named 
upon  tho  maps  and  In  the  school  book*  of  that  period  as 
"Tho  (Iroat  American  Desert."  described  by  Daniel  Web- 
.-IT  upon  the  floor  of  the  United  States  Senate  a*  a  "vast 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


worthless  area."  It  is  an  oft-told  tale  how  Colonel 
"Jim"  Bridger,  the  veteran  mountaineer,  then  living  in  a 
lonely  log  fort  in  what  is  now  the  State  of  Wyoming,  met 
Brigham  Young  as  he  crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and 


BRIGHAM    YOUNG    As  GOVERNOR    OF    UTAH    IN   1850. 

remarked  pessimistically  to  him  and  his  pioneer  associ- 
ates, that  he  would  give  a  thousand  dollars  if  he  knew  an 
ear  of  corn  could  ripen  in  Salt  Lake  Valley.  Yet  it  was 
to  this  very  spot,  the  region  thus  tabooed  and  stigmatized, 
that  these  hardy  empire  builders  made  their  way,  refusing 
to  be  dismayed  by  discouraging  reports  and  prospects,  or 
lured  from  their  purpose  by  tempting  tales  told  them  of 


IIKKORE    ill  K  "OVER  LAND    LIMl'IKD." 

a  fair  and  fertile  land  farther  on;  a  land  of  flowers,  the 
future  land  of  gold,  the  green  and  grassy  slopes  of  the 
Pacific. 

There  was  "method"  in  this  "madness,"  if  madness  it 
be  deemed.     To  that  heaven-favored  region,  that  modern 


Hesperides,  were  already  flocking  the  firstlings  of  emi- 
gration from  the  East,  most  of  it  from  those  very  parts 
where  the  Mormon  people  had  experienced  their  sorest 
trials.  To  settle  upon  the  Pacific  Coast,  their  leader  fore- 
saw, would  be  to  invite,  ultimately  if  not  immediately,  a 
repetition  of  the  troubles  from  which  the  despoiled  and 
driven  exiles  were  then  fleeing.  Hence  his  preference  for 


' 

Ill  I 


THE  ARRIVAL  OF  THE  "OVERLAND  MAIL." 

the  sun-burnt,  rock-girt  wilderness — a  land  coveted  by 
none,  contemned  by  all,  a  natural  citadel,  "a  fortress 
formed  to  freedom's  hand."  "Here,"  said  Brigham  Young, 
—"here  we  will  build  a  City  and  rear  a  Temple  to  our 
God."  Later,  to  those  of  his  people,  who,  after  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  California,  would  fain  have  rushed 


BRIGHAM   YOUNG   IN   1876. 

thither,  or  prematurely  plunged  into  mining  in  these  parts, 
he  sagely  said:  "We  cannot  eat  gold  and  silver;  wo  need 
bread  and  clothing  first;  neither  do  we  wi 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


IN     IHt    \|nl  Nl   \IN>   NKAK    >AI.T    LAKE. 

a  roving,  reckless  frontier  population  to  drive  us  again 
from  our  hard-earned  homes.  Let  mining  go  for  the  pres- 
ent, until  we  are  strong  enough  to  take  care  of  ourselves, 
and  meantime  engage  in  farming,  stock  raising,  manufac- 
turing, and  other  healthful  pursuits  that  lie  at  the  basis 
of  every  state's  prosperity."  Such  was  the  substance  of 
his  teachings  upon  that  point.  The  wisdom  of  the  advice, 
the  soundness  of  the  policy  then  inaugurated,  and  prac- 
ticed by  most  of  the  people  under  his  direction,  is  shown 
In  the  present  prosperity  and  splendid  prospects  of  the 
state  they  founded,  as  compared  with  other  common- 
wealths where  mining  from  the  first  was  the  main  and 
almost  exclusive  occupation. 

The  pioneer  vanguard  of  the  migrating  people,  which 
left  the  Iowa  frontier  early  in  April,  and  entered  the  Val- 
ley of  the  Inland  Sea  late  In  July,  1847,  comprised  one 
hundred  and  forty-three  men,  three  women  and  two  chil- 
dren. They  were  thoroughly  organized,  though  none 
too  well  supplied  with  wagons,  ox-teams,  saddle 
horses,  flre-arms.  plows,  seed  grain,  provisions  and  the 
usual  camp  equipment.  Originally  twelve  times  twelve 
men  were  chosen,  but  one  of  them  fell  sick  and  returned 
after  the  Journey  began.  The  starting  point  was  "Winter 
Quartern,"  a  temporary  prairie  settlement  founded  by  the 
Latter  Day  Saints  after  their  arrival  upon  the  Missouri 
River,  and  from  which  place  In  the  summer  of  1846.  had 
gone  foith.  at  the  call  of  their  country,  the  Mormon  Bat- 
talion, five  hundred  strong  to  assist  In  the  war  against 
Mexico.  It  was  the  call  for  that  battalion,  and  Its  de- 
parture by  way  of  Santa  Ke  for  Southern  California,  that 
postponed  the  proposed  journey  of  the  Pioneers  until  the 
following  spring.  Taking  a  new  route  up  the  north  bank 
of  the  Platte — a  route  now  covered  by  much  of  the  road- 
bed of  the  Union  Paclflr  railway— the  Pioneers,  by  way  of 
South  Pass.  Oreen  River  and  the  Wasatch  ranee,  emerged 
upon  the  desolate  shores  and  sand  plains  where  have 
spniim  up  Imii.ii.'.ls  of  dtlex.  towns  and  villages, 
virtually  their  girt  to  civilization.  The  official  date  of  their 
arrival  upon  the  site  of  the  pioneer  and  parent  city  was 
Saturday,  July  24th:  tlmuKh  a  few  straggled  In  two  or 
three  days  earlier  and  partly  explored  "The  Valley." 
Along  with  the  Pioneers  came  a  small  company  of  Mor- 
mon emigrants  from  Mississippi,  who  had  joined  them  at 


Fort  Laramie;  and  a  few  days  later  they 
were  followed  by  some  disabled  detach- 
ments of  the  Mormon  Battalion,  who  had 
passed  the  previous  winter  at  Pueblo. 
These  were  the  men  and  women  who 
struck  the  first  blows  in  the  conquest 
and  colonization  of  "The  Great  American 
Desert;"  though  equal  credit,  so  far  as 
toils  and  hardships  are  concerned,  be- 
longs to  the  emigrant  companies  that  ar- 
rived from  Winter  Quarters  in  the  ensu- 
ing autumn  and  during  the  early  suc- 
ceeding years. 

Utah,    when    the    Pioneers   came,    was 
"Eastern    California."    and    California    a 
province  of  Mexico,  with  which  the  United 
States    was    at    war.    Unfurling   to   the 
breeze  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  these  Mor- 
mon colonizers,    as    American    citizens, 
took  possession  of  the  country,  and  after 
the    treaty    of    Guadalupe    Hidalgo,    by 
which.  In   February,   1848,  the  land   was 
ceded    to    our    nation,    they    organized, 
pending      congressional       action       upon 
their    petition      for     a      state      govern- 
ment, the  provisional  government  of    "Deseret" — a    name 
taken   from  'the   Book  of   Mormon   and   signifying   "honey 
bee."    It  was  in  March,  1849.  that  the  first  civil  government 
In  the  Rocky  Mountains  was  thus  established.     Meantime 
the  surrounding  region  was  explored  and  colonized,  settle- 
ments being  formed  wherever  water  was  found  and  means 
of  subsistence  available.    The  savage  tribes  were  subdued 
or  placated,  arid  lands  reclaimed  by  Irrigation,  forts  and 
cities  built,  schools  and  factories  founded,  and  the  whole 
land  made  to  hum  with  the  whirring  wheels  of  industry. 

As  an  illustration  of  how  Utah  was  settled,  how  our 
Inland  empire  was  founded,  Salt  LaKc  City  may  be  taken 
as  an  example.  Here  the  earliest  settlers  lived  in  a  fort 
of  logs  and  earthwork,  reared  on  what  Is  now  called  Plo- 


UIVIL's  MIUl-\vmm   CANYON. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


neer  Square,  and  designed  as  a  protection  against  wild 
beasts  and  hostile  Indians.  The  walls  of  this  fort  were 
composed  of  small  one-story  adobe  houses,  built  in  the 
form  of  a  square,  the  roofs  of  brush  and  dirt  slanting  out- 
ward and  the  main  entrance  guarded  by  heavy  gates  kept 
carefully  closed  at  night.  The  outer  windows  of  the  houses 
were  the  port-holes  of  the  fortification.  In  this  primitive 
structure,  huddled  together  in  a  semi-miserable  state, 
poorly  protected  from  the  weather  and  preyed  upon  by  na- 
tive vermin,  our  "oldest  inhabitants,"  numbering  some 
seventeen  hundred  souls,  passed  their  first  winter  in  the 
Valley  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake.  A  city  had  been  laid  out 
in  the  previous  August,  but  not  until  the  next  spring  did 
the  settlers  begin  moving  upon  the  city  lots,  taking  with 
them  in  many  instances  the  primitive  huts  constructed  by 
them  as  portions  of  the  "Old  Fort."  There  was  no  land- 
grabbing  in  those  days,  and  no  monopoly  of  the  mountain 
streams,  almost  the  sole  water  supply.  Outside  the  city 
the  land  was  divided  into  five  and  ten-acre  fields,  one  of 
which,  with  a  city  lot  of  one  and  a  quarter  acres — part  of 
the  ten-acre  blocks  into  which  the  town  was  divided — with 
sufficient  water  to  irrigate  his  ground,  was  allotted  to 
each  head  of  a  family.  All  were  encouraged  to  till  the 
soil,  not  only  in  cultivating  farms,  but  in  planting  orchards, 
shade  trees,  flowers  and  shrubbery.  The  result  was  that 
Salt  Lake  City  and  her  offspring  settlements  soon  pre- 
sented the  appearance  of  a  veritable  Eden  in  the  desert. 

There  were  seasons  of  drouth  and  years  of  famine; 
there  were  cricket  plagues  and  grasshopper  visitations, 
when  short  rations  were  the  rule  and  starvation  the  pros- 
pect, with  wild  roots  and  cooked  raw-hides  as  articles  of 
diet  more  common  than  breadstuffs;  but  at  such  times 
the  communal  character  of  the  people,  with  their  "share 
and  shaie  alike"  principles  and  practice,  saved  them  from 
the  extremes  of  suffering.  There  were  also  wars  with 
the  Indians,  who  killed  many  of  the  colonizers,  but  were 
punished  in  return  as  often  as  necessary,  and  taught  that 
no  harm,  but  only  good,  was  intended  by  their  white  neigh- 
bors. It  was  not  long  before  the  "feed-and-not-flght-them" 
policy  pursued  by  the  Mormon  leaders  bore  legitimate 
fruit,  and  the  once  war-like  red  man  became  friendly  and 
peaceable. 


Utah's  earliest  merchants  were  from 
the  East  and  were  non-Mormons.  They 
reaped  immense  profits  from  their  mer- 
chandise, brought  in  long  wagon  trains 
from  St.  Louis  and  other  Eastern  cities, 
but  the  settlers  gladly  gave  them  what 
they  asked  for  dry  goods,  groceries,  cloth- 
ing, farming  implements  and  whatever 
else  was  most  needed  in  this  new  coun- 
try. Very  soon,  however,  Mormon  mer- 
chants began  competing  with  the  outsid- 
ers. Most  of  the  trading  was  done  by 
exchange.  Money  was  exceedingly  scarce, 
and  at  first  the  products  of  the  earth, 
with  manufactured  articles  and  bags  of 
California  gold  dust,  were  the  common 
currency.  To  partly  obviate  this  incon- 
venience, a  mint  was  established  and 
gold  pieces  of  various  denominations 
coined.  These  coins,  however,  were  only 
for  temporary  use,  and  were  soon  called 
in  and  disposed  of  as  bullion  to  the 
United  States  mints. 

As  soon  as  practicable  was  organized 
the  Perpetual  Emigrating  Fund  Company, 
to  aid  the  poor  among  scattered  Mormon  converts 
to  "gather  to  Zion";  in  other  words,  to  emigrate 
to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  Mormon  Church,  with 
Its  leading  men,  who  established  and  conducted  this 
enterprise,  were  the  main  contributors  to  the  fund,  which 
sent  annually  to  the  frontier  five  hundred  wagons  to  bring 
immigration  across  the  plains.  Persons  aided  by  the  fund 
in  various  nations,  with  meaus  advanced  for  their  trans- 
portation to  Utah,  were  expected  to  reimburse  it  as  soon  as 
able,  in  order  that  the  fund  might  be  "perpetual."  Many 
so  helped  owe  to  this  system  their  deliverance  from  pov- 
erty or  dependence  in  distant  lands  and  their  subsequent 


IN   BIG  COTTONWOOD  CANYON. 


s 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


rise  to  comfort  and  affluence  in  the  New  World.  This 
Emigrating  Company  was  instituted  in  the  fall  of  1849, 
and  simultaneously  with  its  inception  went  forth  the  first 
missionaries  from  the  Rocky  Mountains,  bound  for  Great 
Britain.  Scandinavia.  France.  Italy.  California  and  the  Pa- 
rifle  Islands. 

The  proselytes  who  reinforced  the  Pioneers  and  earli- 
est settlers,  and  helped  in  the  establishment  of  the  inland 
empire,  were  of  the  bone  and  sinew,  genius  and  talent 
of  nearly  all  countries — farmers,  laborers,  tradesmen,  me- 
chanics, manufacturers,  business  men,  with  a  liberal 
sprinkling  of  artists,  musicians,  writers  and  other  pro- 
fessional people,  representing  the  average  run  of  American 
society  and  what  are  known  in  Europe  as  the  middle  and 
working  classes.  "In  their  degree  the  pick  and  flower  of 
England,"  was  the  comment  passed  upon  a  typical  ship- 


plies,  being  necessary  for  the  remainder  of  the  journey. 
The  toilsome  trip  at  an  end.  they  would  here  be  met  by 
kindred  and  friends  who  had  preceded  them,  or  by  church 
agents  appointed  for  the  purpose,  and  be  furnished  with 
employment  at  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  surrounding  settle- 
ments, or  sent  to  colonize  and  build  up  new  sections.  Most 
of  the  newcomers,  pre-empting  and  improving  land  and 
practicing  wherever  possible  their  trades  and  professions, 
would  soon  acquire  homes  of  their  own  and  lay  the  founda- 
tions for  future  prosperity. 

The  founding  of  Utah  blazed  the  way  for  the  west- 
ward march  of  civilization.  In  California  and  Oregon,  her 
only  original  competitors,  there  was  no  such  community 
of  interests,  no  such  organized  effort,  no  such  systematic 
plan  of  colonization  and  state-building,  as  were  witnessed 
here  from  the  beginning.  While  California  was  digging 


I   IK.  \\    I     XS\  "N 


SCENIC    POIVI  -    IN    SDK  I  IIKKN    II    Ml 
FAR     Ml"\  I      I  HI     KH  HI 


Ht  AK    Kl\  I  K    t    \\YON. 


load  of  Mormon  emigrants,  by  the  afterwards  famous 
Charles  Dickens,  then  a  reporter  on  a  London  newspaper. 
The  emlgratlonal  arrangements  In  the  British  Mission  were 
so  perfect  as  to  call  forth  In  1864  the  commendation  of  a 
•elect  committee  of  the  House  of  Commons,  who,  after 
Investigation,  pronounced  the  Mormon  ••migrant  ship 
"a  family  under  strong  and  accepted  discipline,  with  every 
pruvlxlc.ii  for  comfort,  decorum  and  Internal  peace."  Cross- 
ing the  sea.  generally  In  large  companies.  In  charge  of 
capable  and  reputable  KId«-rs  of  the  Church,  the  emigrants 
would  travel,  until  railroad  facilities  were  extended,  mostly 
If  not  entirely  by  team  to  the  frontier.  W)HT<>  the  wagons 
of  the  Emigrating  Company  awaited  them  They  would 
then  be  reorganized  for  the  passage  of  the  plains:  an  ox- 
team  and  a  wagon  or  a  handcart,  with  three  months1  sup- 


gold.  Utah  was  developing  her  agricultural  resources:  while 
on  the  fertile  slopes  of  the  Pacific  the  husbandman  was 
reaping  with  little  or  no  loll  harvests  sown  and  win.  i.  <! 
by  nature,  die  settler  of  Deserct  was  breaking  his  plow- 
share in  the  hard,  nun  baked  soil,  turning  the  mountain 
I..M.  MI  from  Its  channel  to  soften  and  make  arable  Hie 
rocky  ground,  and  when  not  guarding  himself  and  his 
loved  ones  from  marauding  and  merciless  savages  was 
disputing  possession  of  his  scanty  crops  with  cri< 
grasshoppers  and  other  voracious  pests  with  which  the  re- 
gion Hwarmeil.  The  Moiinon  peace  policy  in  relation  to  the 
Indians  HiiliHcrved  In  various  ways  the  cause  of  western 
developccnt  During  the  period  of  the  gold  excitement  Salt 
Lake  Valley  was  a  "half-way  house"  between  the  Missouri 
river  and  the  Pacific  coast,  and  here  the  tired  gold  se«k«r 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


halted  for  rest  and  to  obtain  supplies  to  enable  him  to 
reach  his  journey's  end.  The  same  may  be  said  of  subse- 
quent emigration.  The  establishment  of  this  common- 
wealth greatly  facilitated  the  settlement  of  other  states 
and  territories  now  clustering  round  her.  She  was  the 
keystone  to  the  arch  of  western  empire.  Moreover,  it 
was  Mormon  picks  and  shovels — wielded  by  some  of  the 
returning  Battalion  boys — that  dug  up  at  Sutter's  Mills 
in  January,  1848,  the  first  gold  of  California.  It  was  a  Mor- 
mon colony  from  New  York  by  way  of  Cape  Horn  that  gave 
to  the  Golden  State  her  second  pioneer  newspaper.  This 
was  in  1846.  four  years  before  the  Deseret  News,  the  pio- 
neer journal  of  these  parts,  was  established  at  Salt  Lake 
City. 


Sierra  Nevadas,  with  a  small  strip  of  the  California  sea- 
coast,  including  the  town  of  San  Diego. 

Deseret's  prayer  for  statehood  was  denied,  and  the 
territory  of  Utah,  with  greatly  diminished  boundaries,  was 
organized  by  Congress  in  September,  1850;  California,  at 
the  same  time,  being  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state. 
Brigham  Young  became  Governor  of  Utah  by  appointment 
of  President  Millard  Fillmore,  after  whom  the  grateful 
people  named  the  county  of  Millard  and  city  of  Fill- 
more,  the  first  capital  of  the  territory.  Governor  Young 
served  two  terms  of  four  years  each,  his  reappointment 
being  due  to  the  solicitation  of  both  Mormons  and  Gen- 
tiles. He  was  succeeded  ty  Hon.  Alfred  Cumming.  a  native 
of  Georgia,  Utah's  first  non-Mormon  executive.  Up  to  the 


I  u  l\    ROCKS. 


POINTS  ON   THK  "MORMON"   PIONKKR   TRAIL  Ol' 
SKVHNKL    ROCK. 


1000   MILK   TRKK. 


Utah's  political  history  had  begun  the  year  previous 
with  the  organization  of  the  Provisional  Government  of  the 
State  of  Deseret.  Under  this  regime  Brigham  Young  was 
elected  Gove:nor,  and  the  offices  of  Secretary,  Treasurer, 
Chief  Justice,  Associate  Justices.  Attorney  General,  Mar- 
shal, Assessor  and  Collector,  and  Surveyor  of  Highways, 
were  simultaneously  created  and  filled.  Minor  magistrates 
were  also  elected  and  the  militia  organized.  The  first 
counties  created  were  those  cf  Salt  Lake,  Weber,  Utah, 
Sanpete,  Juab  and  Tooele.  The  territory  comprised  within 
the  limits  of  the  proposed  state  extended  from  what  was 
then  Oregon  on  the  north  to  Mexico  on  the  south,  and 
westward  from  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the 


present  time  our  commonwealth  has  had  fifteen  governors, 
all  but  two  non-Mormons,  and  all  but  one  appointed  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States.  The  exception  is  the 
present  governor,  Hon.  Heber  M.  Wells,  a  Mormon  and  a 
native  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Just  prior  to  Governor  Cumming's  installation  occurred 
the  exciting  but  bloodless  conflict  commonly  known  as 
the  "Echo  Canyon  War;"  officially  styled  the  Utah  Expedi- 
tion; the  sending  of  a  United  States  army  to  Utah  to  put 
down  an  alleged  Mormon  uprising.  The  leader  of  this 
army  was  General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  who  afterwards 
fell  at  Shiloh.  Knowing  that  the  national  authorities  had 
been  misled  by  false  reports,  Governor  Young  took  imme- 


IO 


UTAH— THK    INLAND    EMPIRK 


diate  steps  to  acquaint  them  with  the  true  state  of  affairs, 
and  meanwhile,  in  order  to  prevent  a  possible  repetition 
of  the  anti-Mormon  atrocities  of  Missouri  and  Illinois,  he 
exercised  his  official  power  for  their  protection.  Placing 
Utah  under  martial  law.  he  forbade  Johnston's  army  to 
enter  the  territory,  and  called  out  the  militia  to  resist  the 


Valley,  the  settlers  were  materially  benefltted  by  the  lu- 
crative trade  carried  on  with  the  garrison  until  the  out- 
break of  the  Civil  War.  when  the  post  was  abandoned. 

It  was  the  general  opinion  throughout  the  country  that 
the  opening  of  the  great  conflict  between  the  North  and  the 
South  would  find  Utah  arrayed  on  the  side  of  secession. 


impending  Invasion.  A  heavy  force  of  armed  mountain- 
eers, under  General  Daniel  H.  Wells,  the  father  of  our 
present  governor,  forthwith  proceeded  to  barricade  Echo 
Canon  and  otherwise  Impede  the  advance  of  the  Invading 
host.  The  result  was  what  Governor  Young  anticipated. 
Johnston's  troops  went  Into  winter  quarters  east  of  the 


and  in  arms  against  the  Federal  Government,  but  the  expec- 
tation was  not  realized.  At  the  very  threshold  of  the  strife, 
with  the  tide  of  victory  running  In  favor  of  the  Confederacy 


DANCING  UTt. 

Wasatrh  mountain*,  spring  brought  peace  commissioner* 
from  Washington,  and  the  affair  happily  ended  without 
bloodshed.  Though  the  morale  of  the  territory  was  not 
Improved  l>y  the  hordes  of  camp  followers  that  came  In 
the  wake  of  the  army,  which  founded  Camp  Floyd  In  Cedar 


A   NAVAJO     HI-    in-Ml    AND  FAMII  1 

there  flashed  eastward  over  the  wires  of  the  Overland  Tele- 
graph I.ln.-.  rompli •!••<!  to  Salt  l*ake  City  In  October,  1861, 
this  message,  signed  by  Drlgham  Young:  "Utah  has  not 
seceded,  but  Is  firm  for  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  our 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


1 1 


once  happy  country."  Simultaneously  the  Mormon  leader — 
no  longer  Governor  of  Utah,  but  still  the  real  power  in  the 
land — offered  to  President  Lincoln  the  services  of  a  picked 
body  of  men  to  protect  the  government  mail  route  on  the 
plains;  an  offer  that  was  graciously  accepted.  Early  in 
1862  the  Territory  applied  again  for  admission  into  the 
Union. 


of  Northern  Utah  and  Southern  Idaho.  Colonel  Connor, 
moreover,  was  the  first  to  open  the  Utah  mines,  though 
they  were  not  developed  until  several  years  later,  owing 
to  the  absence  of  railroad  facilities.  , 

It  was  twenty-two  years  after  the  settlement  of  Salt 
Lake  Valley  when  the  shriek  of  the  locomotive  broke  the 
stillness  of  the  mountain  solitudes  and  brought  Utah  face 


UTE  WARRIOR  "FIGHTING   BEAR." 


AN    INDIAN   BRIDE. 


But  the  prevailing  prejudice  was  too  dense  to 
be  at  once  dispelled;  hence,  notwithstanding  these 
evidences  of  loyalty,  the  sending  of  Colonel  Pat- 
rick Edward  Connor,  at  the  head  of  the  California  and 
Nevada  Volunteers  to  Salt  Lake  City  in  October  of  that 
year  "to  watch  Brigham  Young  and  the  Mormons"  during 
this  period  of  national  peril.  Aside  from  this  superfluous 
task — as  disagreeable  to  the  soldiers  as  it  was  annoying 


to  face  with  all  the  problems  of  modern  civilization.  A 
new  era  then  dawned  upon  Deseret.  Her  days  of  isolation 
were  ended.  Population  increased,  commerce  expanded, 
and  a  thousand  and  one  improvements  were  planned  and 
exploited.  Telegraphs  and  railroads  threw  a  network  of 
steel  and  electricity  over  a  region  formerly  traversed  by 
the  slow-going  ox  team  and  lumbering  stage  coach.  The 
mines  were  developed,  property  of  all  kinds  increased  in 


PAPOOSE. 

to  the  citizens —  the  troops  made  themselves  useful  in 
founding  Fort  Douglas  and  in  exterminating  a  band  of 
hostile  Indians  who  had  long  been  a  terror  to  the  settlers 


NAVAJO    G1RI.S. 

value,  and  industry  on  every  hand  felt  the  thrill  of  an  elec- 
tric reawakening.  Tourists  from  East  and  West  began 
flocking  to  the  Mormon  country  to  see  for  themselves  "the 


i  : 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


"MR-.  c-.MMM.IiV'   ROCK. 


peculiar  people"  and  their  Institutions,  trusting  no  more 
to  the  wild  tales  told  by  sensational  traducers.  Brigham 
Young,  who  had  predicted  the  transcontinental  railroad 


great  newspapers — the  former  independent,  the  latter  anti- 
Mormon  in  tone — came  into  existence  as  successors  to 
earlier  rivals  of  the  Deseret  News;  and  non-Mormon 
churches,  of  which  thete  had  been  a  few  in  Utah  almost 
from  the  beginning,  were  multiplied.  In  the  midst  of 
these  changes  Brigham  Young,  the  chief  founder  of  the 
commonwealth,  died  at  Salt  Lake  City  August  29.  1877. 

Marvelous  as  were  the  mutations  preceding  that  event, 
quite  as  wonderful  are  some  of  the  changes  that  have  fol- 
lowed. The  steady  inflow  of  capital  and  population,  the 
continued  discovery  and  development  of  valuable  mines, 
the  extension  of  railroads,  and  multiplication  of  schools, 
factories  and  business  enterprises,  with  the  introduction 
of  all  modern  improvements,  were  to  have  been  expected 
in  view  of  what  had  already  taken  place:  but  the  peculiar 
turn  taken  in  political  affairs,  due  to  a  remarkable  change 
of  attitude  on  the  part  of  "the  dominant  church."  was 
most  surprising. 

As  early  as  1862  Congress  had  legislated  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  "polygamy."  the  patriarchal  marriage  system  of 
the  Latter-Day  Saints,  practiced  by  Joseph  Smith,  Brigham 
Young  and  other  leaders  at  Nauvoo,  but  never  publicly 
promulgated  by  the  Church  until  1852.  Not  more  than  two 


MT.   NUi'i   IN    ll'AB  COUNTY— ELEVATION   tlJHl  ftt  I 


and  marked  out  Its  path  while  crossing  the  plains  and 
mountains  In  1847.  now  when  It  was  extending  across  Utah 
IM-IJIIMC  it  •  niitractor.  helping  to  build  the  Union  Pacific 
through  Kcho  ntul  Weber  canyoiiH.  He  had  previous- 
ly established  the  ix-seret  Telegraph  line,  constructed  en- 
tirely by  Mormon  capital  and  labor  under  his  direction. 
The  I'tali  Central  and  the  Utah  Southern,  the  pioneer  local 
railroads,  now  Incnrnnraf-d  In  the  Oregon  Shott  line,  were 
built  by  him  and  other  Mormon  capitalists,  and  of  the  first- 
named  road  he  was  for  many  years  the  president.  He  and 
his  associates  also  organized  at  this  period  /Ion's  Co-opera- 
tive Mercantile  Institution,  to  consolidate  Mormon  com- 
III.-M  l;il  iniiTextH  and  enable  them  to  meet  successfully 

•iniietltlon  mincing  In  from  outside  Hoiirceg. 
With  the  inereane  of  the  Gentile  population  came  the 
formation  of  rival  political  parties,  the  first  that  Utah  had 
.  ii'  wn;  and  between  the  pro-Mormon  People's  party  and 
Hi--  anti-Mormon  Liberal  party  a  long  and  bitter  fight  was 
waged.  The  Salt  Lake  Herald  and  Salt  Ijike  Tribune,  both 


PLUM  1-riMMM.  sink-     \MBIH  CANYON 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


per  cent,  of  the  Mormon  people  ever  practiced  the  plural- 
wife  principle,  though  generally  they  believed  it  to  be 
divine.  The  anti-polygamy  act  was  not  enforced,  it  be- 
ing regarded  as  unconstitutional,  even  by  many  non-Mor- 
mons, who  recognized  the  sincerity  of  their  opponents 
in  the  practice  of  what  was  to  them  a  religious  principle. 
A  decision  affirming  the  law's  constitutionality  was  ren- 
dered by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in  Janu- 
ary, 1879,  and  in  March,  1882,  and  in  March,  1887,  Con- 
gress supplemented  it  with  the  Edmunds  law  and  the  Ed- 
munds-Tucker law,  under  which  a  rigorous  anti-polygamy 
crusade  was  carried  on  in  Utah,  Idaho  and  Arizona.  Upon 
the  sufferings  inflicted  during  that  time  of  trouble  no  citi- 
zen now  loves  to  dwell.  Polygamists  and  their  families 
were  hunted  by  deputy-marshals  and  other  minions  of 
the  law  with  all  the  assiduity  of  sleuth-hounds.  The 
three  territories  were  raked  as  with  a  sharp-toothed  har- 
row, and  men  and  women  agonized  to  an  extent  almost  un- 
bearable. One  Utah  citizen  of  repute  was  shot  and  killed 


CASTLE  GATE— PRICE  CANYON. 

by  an  over-zealous  deputy,  and  delicate  women,  fleeing 
from  arrest,  often  in  the  night  time,  died  from  terror, 
exposure  or  exhaustion,  or  suffered  injuries  from  which 
they  never  recovered.  The  exchequer  of  the  federal 
courts  was  swollen  to  repletion  with  fines  collected  in 
polygamous  cases,  and  the  penitentiaries  were  crowded 
with  convicts  for  conscience'  sake;  most  of  them 
punished,  not  for  marrying  plural  wives,  but  for  living 
with  wives  married  prior  to  the  enactment  of  the  law  un- 


der  which  they  were  prosecuted.  Thousands  of  reputable 
citizens — including  nearly  all  the  Mormon  leaders — were 
driven  into  exile,  and  their  settlements  in  Mexico  and 
Canada  were  greatly  strengthened  by  emigrations  from 


Taylor,  who  had  succeeded  President  Young  at  the  head 
of  the  Church,  died  in  exile,  July  25,  1887. 

The  administration  of  his  successor,  President  Wilford 
Woodruff,   was   signalized   in   September,   1890,  by   the  is- 


CRYSTAL  GLEN— OGDEN  CANYON. 

suance  of  the  famous  manifesto,  discontinuing  the  practice 
of  plural  marriage.  An  era  of  good  feeling  ensued.  Mor- 
mons and  Gentiles  affiliated  socially  and  politically  and 
were  friendly  as  never  before.  Local  political  lines  were 
obliterated,  the  old  parties  disbanded,  and  the  citizens,  re- 
gardless of  past  prejudices  and  associations,  divided  on  na- 
tional party  lines,  mostly  as  Democrats  and  Republicans. 
Presidents  Harrison  and  Cleveland,  in  successive  proclama- 
tions, pardoned  all  polygamists,  and  the  Mormon  Church 


BRIDAL  VEIL  FALLS— PROVO  CANYON. 

property,  amounting  to  nearly  a  million  dollars,  confiscat- 
ed by  the  government  during  the  progress  of  the  crusade, 
was  restored  by  act  of  Congress  to  its  rightful  owner.  Utah, 
a  territory  since  September  9,  1850,  was  on  January  4,  1896, 


Utah    and    Arizona   during    this    period.      President    John      admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State. 


WILD  BITS  OF  MOUNTAIN  SrKMRY 
•  HA*    KlVIk  CANYON.  THE   MOUTH  OP  ICHO  CANYON.  OGDRN  CANYON. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


PRESIDENT  JOSEPH    F.  SMITH. 


THE  PRESENT  head  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of 
Latter-Day  Saints,  is  a  nephew  and  name-sake  of 
Joseph  Smith,  the  famous  founder  of  that  organiza- 
tion, and  a  son  of  Hyrum  Smith,  the  Patriarch  of  the  Church 
who  fell  with  his  brother  the  Prophet,  pierced  by  the  bullets 
of  assassins  in  Carthage  jail.  The  subject  of  this  story 
was  then  between  five  and  six  years  of  age.  He  was  born 
at  Far  West,  Missouri.  November  13,  1838,  in  the  midst 
of  the  mob  troubles  that  culminated  in  the  expulsion  of 
the  Mormon  community  from  that  State.  His  birth  oc- 
curred just  eleven  days  after  his  mother  had  sustained 


PRESIDENT  JOSEPH   F.  ^M1TH. 

a  most  painful  parting  from  her  husband,  who,  with  other 
Mormon  leaders,  at  the  surrender  of  their  city,  had  been 
betrayed  into  the  hands  of  their  enemies,  by  whom  they 
were  court-martialed  and  sentenced  to  be  shot.  Through 
the  humane  heroism  of  one  of  the  Missourian  officers, 
(General  Doniphan),  who  denounced  the  proposed  deed  as 
cold-blooded  murder,  and  threatened  to  withdraw  his  troops 
from  the  scene,  the  sanguinary  edict  was  rescinded; 
but  Hyrum  Smith  was  still  a  prisoner,  in  the  shadow 
of  death,  when  his  infant  son  Joseph  F.  came  into  the 
world. 

And  what  a  world,  could  those  innocent  eyes  have 
surveyed  it  at  that  moment!  A  father  in  prison  for  his 
religion's  sake;  the  mother  prostrate  in  her  humble  cabin 
home;  on  every  side  the  glitter  of  hostile  swords  and  bay- 
onets, and  far  around  the  smoking,  smouldering  ruins  of 
ravaged  fields  and  homesteads.  Some  of  the  mobbing 
plunderers,  while  sacking  the  defenseless  city,  rudely 
thrust  themselves  into  the  sick  woman's  presence,  and  in 
their  reckless  search  for  articles  of  value,  pulled  a  bed 
to  pieces,  tossing  the  mattress  upon  another  bed  where 


the  babe  lay  sleeping.  He  was  almost  smothered  when, 
black  in  the  face,  he  was  rescued  from  his  perilous  posi- 
tion. What  wonder  if  some  of  the  iron  of  those  times 
entered  into  the  soul  of  that  child,  nursing  from  the  breast 
a  wholesome  hatred  of  mobs  and  tyranny  that  never  has 
been  and  never  will  be  quenched! 

In  the  exodus  of  the  persecuted  people  from  Missouri, 
Joseph  was  taken  by  his  mother,  Mary  Fielding  Smith, 
first  to  Quincy,  Illinois,  where  the  husband  and  father, 
escaping  from  captivity,  rejoined  them,  and  afterwards  to 
Commerce.  Hancock  County,  in  that  State,  where  the 
Saints  built  their  beautiful  city  of  Nauvoo.  There  his 
early  boyhood  was  passed,  and  there  he  received  his  first 
schooling.  He  well  remembers  his  father,  his  uncle  Jo- 
seph, and  the  last  time  he  looked  upon  them  alive,  at  his 
mother's  home,  just  before  they  set  out  for  Carthage  to 
surrender  themselves  into  the  power  of  those  who  had 
decreed  their  destruction.  He  recalls,  too,  very  vividly, 
the  funeral  of  the  murdered  twain,  and  the  agony  of 
his  Aunt  Emma,  who  swooned  at  beholding  the  bullet- 
pierced  body  of  her  husband.  His  mother's  sorrow,  though 
deep,  was  not  so  demonstrative. 

From  their  camp  on  the  Iowa  side  of  the  Mississippi, 
in  September,  1846,  the  widow  Smith  and  her  family  wit- 
nessed the  bombardment  and  defense  of  Nauvoo.  where 
a  remnant  of  the  Saints,  after  the  beginning  of  the  exodus 
from  Illinois,  were  besieged  by  an  overwhelming  mob 
force,  and  after  surreudering,  were  summarily  expelled 
from  the  city.  At  their  camp  the  Smith  family  remained 
just  long  enough  to  secure  an  outfit  for  the  Westward 
journey.  The  mother  was  not  only  brave  and  heroic;  she 
was  a  smart  business  woman,  and  soon  had  matters  ar- 
ranged. Herself  driving  one  of  the  teams,  her  little  son 
riding  a  pony  and  bringing  up  the  loose  stock  belonging  to 
the  family  and  a  few  friends  traveling  with  them,  they 
proceeded  on  to  the  Missouii  River,  where  they  remained 
until  the  spring  of  1848,  and  then  migrated  to  Salt  Lake 
Valley,  arriving  here  in  September. 

The  family  settled  upon  Mill  Creek,  a  few  miles  south 
of  Salt  Lake  City,  where  they  built  a  log  cabin  and  went 
to  farming.  There  the  widow  resided  until  her  death  in 
1852,  and  there  Joseph  lived  with  his  brother  and  his 
sisters  until  1854,  when  he  went  upon  his  first  mission  as 
an  Elder  of  the  Church.  His  life  in  Utah  up  to  this  time 
had  been  that  of  the  average  Mormon  boy;  when  not  at 
school,  tilling  the  soil,  tending  stock,  hauling  wood  from 
the  canyons  and  participating  in  all  the  toils  and  hardships 
incident  to  pioneering  the  Western  wilderness.  The  mis- 
sion mentioned  was  to  the  Sandwich  Islands.  He  was 
gone  nearly  four  years.  Upon  returning  he  took  part  in 
the  Echo  Canyon  war  episode,  and  soon  after  held  his  first 
civic  office,  that  of  sergeant-at-arms  in  the  Territorial  Leg- 
islature. 

In  May,  1859,  he  married,  and  during  the  succeeding 
summer  fenced  and  farmed  land  west  of  the  Jordan.  From 
the  spring  of  1860  until  the  fall  of  1863  he  was  in  Europe, 
and  part  of  the  time  was  pastor  over  the  Sheffield  Dis- 
trict of  the  British  Mission.  He  likewise  visited  Scan- 
dinavia. Returning  across  the  Atlantic  he  narrowly  es- 
caped shipwreck  from  fogs  and  icebergs,  but  landed  safe, 
and  in  due  time  reached  home.  His  next  mission  was  his 
second  one  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  whither  he  went  in 
1864  with  Apostles  Ezra  T.  Benson,  Lorenzo  Snow  and 
others,  to  put  down  an  imposture  that  was  preying  upon 
the  credulity  of  the  native  Saints,  to  set  in  order  Church 


i6 


I    I  \!I— THK    INLAND    1  MP1RK 


affairs  and  preach  the  Gospel.  After  the  Apostles  left, 
he  had  charge  of  the  Hawaiian  Mission.  Home  again  in 
1865.  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Church  as  an  assistant 
to  Its  historian.  Apostle  George  A.  Smith,  his  kinsman. 

Ordained  to  the  Apostleship  by  President  Brigham 
Young  In  July,  1866,  Joseph  F.  Smith  became  a  member 
of  the  Apostolic  Council  in  October  of  the  year  following. 
In  1874  and  1875  he  was  presiding  over  the  Church  in  Eu- 
rope. He  was  then  given  charge  of  the  Davis  Stake  of 
/.ion.  until  the  spring  of  1877,  when  he  was  again  sent  to 
Liverpool  to  preside.  Fiom  this  mission  he  was  sum- 
moned home  in  September  of  that  year,  owing  to  the  death 
of  President  Young.  A  year  later  he  accompanied  Apostle 
Orson  Pratt  to  the  States,  and  wrote  for  publication  the 
incidents  of  their  journey  through  scenes  of  early  Mormon 
history. 

When  the  First  Presidency,  dissolved  by  the  death 
of  President  Young,  was  again  organized  In  October.  1880, 
Joseph  F.  Smith  was  chosen  second  counsellor  to  Presi- 
dent John  Taylor,  which  position  he  held  until  the  death 
of  the  latter  in  July.  1887,  when  he  resumed  his  former 
place  In  the  quorum  of  the  Twelve  Apostles.  In  April, 
1889.  he  was  chosen  second  counsellor  to  President  Wilford 
Woodruff,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  until  the  latter's 
death  in  September,  1898.  Eleven  days  later  he  became 
second  counsellor  to  President  Loren/.o  Snow,  officiating 
as  such  until  October,  1901,  when  he  succeeded  President 
George  Q.  Cannon,  deceased,  as  first  counsellor:  Apostle 
Rudger  Clawson  being  chosen  the  second.  Four  days  later 
occurred  the  death  of  President  Snow,  and  on  the  17th 
of  that  month  President  Smith  succeeded  him  as  the  head 
of  the  Church,  selecting  Bishop  John  R.  Winder  and 
Apostle  Anthon  H.  I.und  as  his  counsellors. 

During  the  anti-polygamy  crusade.  President  Smith, 
in  common  with  most  of  the  Church  leaders,  spent  much 
of  his  time  In  exile,  owing  to  the  extreme  bitterness  that 

liled.  From  October,  1884.  to  September.  1891.  he 
was  not  seen  publicly  In  Utah,  and  was  absent  for  a  long 
period  In  the  Sandwich  Islands.  After  the  death  ot 

Taylor,  whom  he  attended  In  exile  during  his  last 
moments,  he  visited  the  East  and  did  much  to  prepare 
ih.  way  for  the  changed  conditions  that  have  obtained  In 
I'tah  since  the  Issuance  of  the  manifesto  suspending  the 
practice  of  polygamy.  President  Smith,  who  has  several 
families,  was  one  of  those  who  received  amnesty  from 
President  Harrison,  September  10.  1891,  the  date  of  his  de- 
liverance from  "the  underground." 

His  rlvlc  record  comprises  the  offices  of  Territorial 
legislator,  city  councilor  and  university  regent.  In  all  of 


which  he  served  repeatedly.  As  a  member  of  the  munici- 
pal government  he  was  the  main  mover  in  securing  from 
heirs  of  the  late  President  Young  Liberty  Park  and  Pio- 
Square  for  Salt  Lake  City.  He  was  a  house  member 
of  the  Legislature  from  1865  to  1874— seven  consecutive 
terms — and  in  1882  was  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil, presiding  over  it  at  the  latter  session.  He  was  also 
president  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  held  the  same 
year. 

In  business  President  Smith  is  regarded  as  a  safe  and 
careful  financier.  He  has  been  prominent  for  many  years 
as  a  promoter  of  mercantile  and  industrial  enterprises.  He 
assisted  to  organize  Zion's  Co-operative  Mercantile  Insti- 
tution, of  which  he  is  now  the  head,  and  has  been  one  of 
its  directors  almost  from  the  beginning.  He  is  also  pres- 
ident of  Zion's  Savings  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  and  of 
the  State  Bank  of  Utah,  both  of  which  he  helped  to  organ- 
i/.e.  He  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Utah  Sugar 
Company,  over  which  he  presides.  He  is  president  of  the 
Consolidated  Wagon  and  Machine  Company,  president  of 
the  Utah  Light  and  Power  Company,  and  a  director  in  sev- 
eral other  concerns.  In  the  auxiliary  organizations  of  the 
Church  he  Is  at  the  head  of  the  Young  Men's  Mutual  Im- 
provement Association,  the  Deseret  Sunday  School  Union, 
the  General  Church  Board  of  Education,  and  is  editorially 
connected  with  the  "Improvement  Era"  and  the  "Juvenile 
Instructor."  As  trustee-in-trust.  he  likewise  controls  the 
Deseret  Evening  News,  the  official  organ  of  the  Church. 
Among  his  numerous  responsibilities  is  the  presidency  of 
the  Salt  Lake  Temple. 

In  person  tall  and  commanding.  President  Smith  is 
cf  powerful  physique,  and  like  his  Prophet  uncle,  a  natural 
athlete.  Intensely  earnest,  sensitive  and  high-spirited,  a 
foe  to  everything  in  the  form  of  oppression,  his  strongest 
traits  of  character  are  courage  and  integrity.  He  fears  no 
man.  and  would  die  before  betraying  a  friend  or  sacrificing 
1  is  religious  principles.  He  is  a  model  husband  and  father, 
anil  his  love  for  family  and  kindred  Is  proverbial.  Hos- 
pitable and  sociable,  he  is  fond  of  fun  in  due  season,  but 
never  allows  it  to  Interfere  with  his  duties.  He  is  a  good 
writer  and  a  wonderfully  Impressive  speaker.  The  latter 
is  his  forte.  Deliberate  and  slow  of  utterance  until  aroused, 
his  words  then  come  with  torrent  like  impetuosity,  as  the 
roar  <  I  the  cataract  and  thunder-peal.  Chaste  in  his  life, 
upright  in  his  dealings,  both  for  his  revered  ancestry  and 
his  own  Innate  worth,  aside  from  his  exalted  position, 
he  possesses,  as  few  men  have  possessed,  the  love  and 
confidence  of  his  people. 


JOHN    R.  W1NDKR. 


DISTIM'TIVKI.Y  a  business  man.  one  of  the  First 
Council  of  the  Mormon  Church,  formerly  Itlshop. 
m.w  President.  John  11  Winder  Is  by  birth  an  KIIK 
lixhniiin.  but  has  |ia»»ed  most  of  hi*  long  and  useful  life 
in  I  tah  and  an  a  resident  of  Halt  Ijike  oty  Ills  parents. 
Richard  and  Sophia  Winder,  were  member*  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  wore  residing  at  niddenden.  In  the  County 
of  Kent,  when  their  dlntliiKulKhed  son  was  born.  Decem- 
her  II.  is^l  He  wait  baptized,  according  to  the  rite*  of 
the  KntahliHheil  Church,  ax  an  Infant,  and  at  fourteen 
yean  of  age  was  confirmed  a  member  of  the  same  under 
the  hand*  of  the  Archblnhop  of  Canterbury.  HP  re. 
but  a  limited  education,  a*  he  had  to  depend  early  In  life 
HP-HI  his  nwn  exertions. 


A  leather  and  shoe  man  by  vocation,  at  the  age  of 
twenty  he  secured  a  situation  In  London  at  a  fashionable 
West  End  shoe  store  lie  married  en  November  24,  1845. 
and  aliout  two  years  later  took  up  his  residence  in  Liver 
pool,  where  he  had  charge  of  a  large  establishment  for  a 
iiiMit  and  shoe  merchant  named  Colllnson. 

Thcie.  In  July.  1X48,  he  first  heard  of  Mormonlsm.  The 
manner  In  which  it  was  brought  to  his  notice  was  unique. 
He  picked  up.  one  day  In  the  store,  a  fragment  of  a  torn- 
up  letter,  on  which  were  the  words.  "Latter-Day  Saints." 
Wondering  what  they  meant,  for  he  had  never  seen  or 
hoard  the  name  before,  he  asked  one  of  the  clerks,  and 
was  told  that  there  was  a  Church  In  America  of  that  name; 
that  they  were  also  called  "Mormons."  that  they  had  a 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


Prophet  named  Joseph  Smith,  and  that  a  branch  of  the 
Church  held  regular  meetings  in  the  Music  Hall,  Bold 
Street,  Liverpool.  Curiosity  impelled  him  to  attend  one 
of  these  meetings,  where  he  heard  Elder  Orson  Spencer 
discourse  upon  the  first  principles  of  the  Gospel.  He  in- 
vestigated the  Mormon  doctrines,  became  convinced  of  their 
truth,  and  was  baptized  a  Latter-Day  Saint  September  20, 
1848.  A  few  weeks  later  his  wife  followed  him  into  the 
Church.  They  were  associated  with  the  Liverpool  branch 
until  February,  1853,  when  they  left  their  native  land  and 
sailed  for  America,  their  destination  being  Salt  Lake  City. 


JOHN    R.    WINDER. 

When  about  ten  days  out  from  Liverpool  Mr.  Winder 
was  taken  down  with  smallpox,  having  caught  it  from  a 
child  in  the  next  apartment  of  the  ship.  He  was  the  first 
to  discover  the  presence  of  the  disease  on  board.  Soon 
four  others  were  seized  with  it.  The  sick  were  all  quar- 
antined in  a  little  house  built  on  deck.  Mrs.  Winder  was 
thus  left  with  three  children,  two  of  them  twin  babes, 
to  care  for,  without  the  assistance  of  her  husband;  which 
was  no  small  task  on  shipboard.  Only  one  out  of  the  five 
cases  proved  fatal,  though  Mr.  Winder,  as  he  lay  sick, 
heard  the  sailors,  who  had  just  cast  the  dead  body  into 
the  sea,  speculating  upon  and  even  predicting  his  early 
demise.  His  own  prophetic  soul,  however,  told  him  that 
he  would  recover  and  arrive  safe  "in  Zion."  Having  re- 
gained his  health,  he  proceeded  by  way  of  New  Orleans 
and  St.  Louis  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  he  joined  a  com- 
pany of  Latter-Day  Saints  bound  for  Utah.  With  them  he 
and  his  family  crossed  the  plains,  arriving  at  Salt  Lake 
City  October  10,  1853. 

He  soon  resumed  business  in  the  leather  line,  first 
with  Samuel  Mulliner  and  afterwards  with  William  Jen- 
nings, conducting  tanneries  and  manufacturing  harness, 
saddles,  boots  and  shoes.  Subsequently,  while  having  as 
his  partners  President  Brigham  Young  and  Feramorz  Little 
he  built  a  tannery  on  Parley's  Canyon  Creek.  About  that 
time  he  purchased  his  present  home,  Poplar  Farm,  in  the 


southern  suburbs  of  Salt  Lake,  and  began  farming  and 
stock  raising.  In  these  pursuits  he  has  always  taken  great 
delight. 

At  an  early  day  Mr.  Winder  became  prominent  as  a 
military  man,  joining  the  Nauvoo  Legion  in  1855.  He  was 
a  Captain  of  Lancers  during  the  Echo  Canyon  campaign, 
and  after  Johnston's  army  went  into  winter  quarters  at 
Fort  Bridger,  when  the  militia  mostly  returned  to  their 
homes,  he  was  left  with  fifty  men  to  guard  the  approaches 
to  Salt  Lake  Valley  and  sound  the  alarm  of  any  new  move- 
ment on  the  part  of  the  government  troops.  He  was  re- 
lieved of  vidette  duty  about  Christmas  time,  but  was  soon 
again  in  the  saddle,  raising  eighty-five  mounted  men  in 
March,  1858,  to  assist  in  an  Indian  expedition  through 
Tooele  Valley.  Returning  thence,  he  was  again  given  charge 
of  the  defenses  in  Echo  Canyon,  and  remained  there  until 
peace  was  declared.  During  the  years  1865,  1866  and  1867 
Captain  Winder  was  engaged  in  the  Black  Hawk  Indian 
War  in  Sanpete  County,  part  of  the  time  as  aid  to  General 
Daniel  H.  Wells.  In  1868  he  collected  and  made  up  the 
accounts  of  the  expenses  of  that  war,  amounting  to  eleven 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  claim  was  submitted  to 
Congress,  but  has  never  yet  been  paid.  In  the  militia  he 
rose  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel. 

For  fourteen  consecutive  years,  beginning  with  1870, 
Mr.  Winder  was  assessor  and  collector  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
and  while  holding  that  position  he  served  three  terms  in 
the  City  Council,  from  1872  to  1878.  In  1884  he  resigned 
as  assessor  and  collector  and  was  appointed  water-master, 
holding  that  office  until  April,  1887,  when  he  retired  to  en- 
ter upon  his  labors  as  second  counsellor  to  the  Presiding 
Bishop  of  the  Church,  William  B.  Preston. 

In  April,  1892,  Bishop  Winder  was  given  special  charge 
of  the  work  of  completing  the  Salt  Lake  Temple,  for  ded- 
ication a  year  later.  This  great  work  he  pushed  through 
with  his  usual  energy  and  dispatch,  thus  enabling  the 
General  Authorities  to  dedicate  the  splendid  edifice  on  the 
fortieth  anniversary  of  its  commencement.  He  was  a 
liberal  donor  to  the  fund  which  met  the  heavy  expenses 
entailed,  and  at  the  opening  of  the  Temple  was  made  first 
assistant  to  President  Lorenzo  Snow,  who  was  given  charge 
of  it.  He  still  occupies  the  same  position  under  President 
Joseph  F.  Smith.  Prior  to  his  later  appointments  in  the 
Church,  Mr.  Winder  held  successively  the  offices  of  Sev- 
enty, High  Priest,  Bishop's  Counsellor  and  High  Councilor 
of  the  Salt  Lake  Stake  of  Zion. 

In  addition  to  these  responsibilities  have  rested  upon 
him  such  trusts  as  United  States  gauger  in  the  Internal 
Revenue  Department,  the  presidency  for  many  years  of  the 
Deseret  Agricultural  and  Manufacturing  Society,  and  under 
the  old  political  regime  the  chairmanship  for  a  long  period 
of  the  Territorial  and  County  Central  Committees  of  the 
People's  Party.  He  was  also  a  member  of  one  of  the  ear- 
ly Constitutional  Conventions.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Utah  Iron  Manufacturing  Company,  and  is  now  a  director 
of  the  Utah  and  Ogden  Sugar  Companies,  of  Z.  C.  M.  I., 
the  Deseret  National  Bank,  the  Deseret  Savings  Bank, 
and  Zion  Savings  Bank  and  Trust  Company.  He  is  pres- 
ident of  the  Deseret  Investment  Company  and  vice-pres- 
ident of  the  Union  Light  and  Power  Company. 

Since  the  17th  of  October,  1901,  John  R.  Winder  has 
been  one  of  the  First  Presidency  of  the  Church  of  Jesus 
Christ  of  Latter-Day  Saints,  having  been  chosen  on  that 
date  first  counsellor  to  President  Joseph  F.  Smith.  At  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-one  years  he  Is  still  in  good  health, 
active  'in  the  performance  of  his  many  duties,  and  seems 
to  enjoy  life  as  much  as  in  the  days  of  his  youth  and  prime. 


i8 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


ANTHON    H.   LUN7D. 


THE  present  Historian  of  the  Mormon  Church,  who  Is 
also  one  of  Its  First  Presidency  .Is  a  native  of  Aalborg, 
Denmark,  where  he  was  born  May  15.  1844.  He  was 
less  than  four  years  old  when  he  lost  his  mother,  who  died 
while  his  father  was  serving  his  country  In  the  war  be- 
tween Denmark  and  Slesvlg-Holsteln.  Anthon's  grand- 
mother, a  woman  of  strong  character  and  sterling  qualities, 
took  his  mother's  place.  After  returning  from  the  war  in 
1851,  his  father  moved  from  Aalborg  and  desired  to  take 
his  son  with  him.  but  the  boy  pleaded  to  be  left  with  his 
grandmother.  At  the  age  of  four  he  had  been  put  to 
school.  Naturally  Intellectual  and  quick  to  learn,  he 
made  rapid  progress.  Reading  became  his  favorite  pastime. 


ANTHON  H.  Ll'ND. 

At  seven  he  was  sent  to  the  city  schools,  where  he  gained 
the  first  place  at  twelve. 

Some  five  years  before,  one  of  his  uncles  had  joined 
the  Church  of  .J-SIIH  Christ  of  letter  May  Saints,  and  later 
his  grandmother  became  a  member  of  the  same  body.  This 
iirmiKhi  the  boy  Into  contact  with  "the  Mormons."  Young 
as  he  was.  he  can-fully  read  all  their  works,  was  convinced 
of  the  truth  of  ihi-ir  doctrines,  and  when  twelve  years  of 
age  was  baptized  Into  the  Church.  At  thirteen  he  was 
called  to  labor  In  the  Aalhorg  c..m.-ri-in  ••.  his  duties  I.,  mi: 
to  teach  KtiKllxh  to  the-  emigrating  Saints,  to  distribute 
tracts  and  assist  the  Elders  In  holding  meetings.  At  six- 
teen he  was  apis.intcd  to  preside  over  the  Aalborg  branch, 
at  that  time  one  of  the  largest  In  Scandinavia;  also  to 
act  as  Traveling  Elder  In  five  other  branches.  In  these 
positions  be  not  only  gained  the  love  of  the  Saint*,  but 
was  made  a  welcome  guest  at  the  homes  of  many  outsiders. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen  Mr  Lund,  with  his  grandmother, 
emigrated  to  I'lah.  leaving  Aalborg  April  6.  1862.  and  sail- 
ing from  Hamburg  on  the  jihlp  "llenjamln  Franklin."  May 
28  was  the  date  of  landing  at  New  York,  and  September 


23  the  date  of  arrival  at  Salt  Lake  City.  Anthon  now 
parted  from  hla  grandmother,  who  Joined  her  son  at  Cedar 
City,  he  himself  preferring  Sanpete  as  a  place  of  resi- 
dence, as  he  had  many  friends  there.  At  Fairview  he 
worked  at  farm  labor  for  three  months,  and  then  moved 
to  Mount  Pleasant,  where  he  engaged  in  various  pursuits. 
He  was  not  idle  a  day.  John  Barton  of  that  town  having 
offered  him  a  home  in  his  family  if  he  would  be  a  tutor 
to  his  children,  the  young  man  accepte.1  the  offer  and  con- 
tinued to  reside  with  the  Bartons  until  he  married.  In 
1864  he  was  a  teamster  to  the  Missouri  River  and  back, 
bringing  emigrants  to  Utah;  in  the  winter  of  1864-5  he 
taught  school,  and  the  next  year  clerked  in  a  store. 

In  the  fall  of  1865  Ant  lion  H.  Lund  responded  to  a  call 
made  by  President  Brigham  Young  for  a  certain  number 
of  young  men  to  come  to  Salt  Lake  City  and  study  teleg- 
raphy under  the  veteran  operator  John  Clowes.  Among 
his  fellow  students  were  Moses  Thatcher  and  John  Henry 
Smith.  The  call  In  question  was  issued  in  anticipation  of 
the  establishment  of  the  Deseret  Telegraph  Line,  upon 
which  Mr.  Lund  In  1866  became  a  regular  operator  at  Mt. 
Pleasant.  He  continued  as  such  for  three  years.  In  con- 
nection with  his  telegraph  office  he  conducted  a  photograph 
gallery,  and  in  1868  to  his  other  duties  were  added  those 
of  secretary  of  the  local  co-operative  institution.  He  was 
also  elected  a  member  of  the  first  City  Council  of  that 
place. 

The  2nd  of  May,  187U,  was  Mr.  Lund's  wedding  day. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Ann  Peterson,  daughter  of  Bishop 
Canute  Peterson,  of  Ephraim,  to  which  town  he  now  re- 
moved, not  without  many  regrets  for  the  severance  of  so- 
cial and  business  ties  at  Mount  Pleasant  The  year  after 
his  marriage  he  went  upon  a  mission  to  his  native  land, 
accompanying  his  father-in-law,  who  was  sent  to  preside 
over  the  Church  In  Scandinavia.  Mr.  I.und  was  absent 
about  seventeen  months,  having  charge  of  the  Copenhagen 
office  of  the  European  Mission,  and  would  have  remained 
longer  but  for  the  serious  illness  of  his  wife,  which  caused 
him  to  he  summoned  home. 

After  another  winter  at  his  favorite  occupation  of 
M  In  <>l  teaching,  he  took  charge  as  head  clerk  of  the 
Ephralm  co-operative  store.  He  soon  was  made  its  su- 
perintendent, and  continued  to  be  for  ten  years,  during 
which  period  It  hecaine  one  of  the  best  and  soundest  In- 
stitutions of  Its  kind.  The  stock,  which  was  down  to  50 
cents  on  the  dollar  when  he  took  charge,  paid  the  first 
year  12%  per  cent.,  the  second  year  15  per  cent.,  and  for 
many  years  thereafter  2.">  per  cent,  in  dividends.  In  1883 
came  another  mission  to  Kurn|»-.  «  here  he  succeeded  Chris- 
tian I).  FJelsted  as  president  of  the  Scandinavian  mission. 
He  had  previously  been  a  High  Councilor  and  the  clerk  of 
Sanpete  Stake,  also  superintendent  of  the  Ephralm  Sunday 
Schools.  He  remained  abroad  until  November,  1885.  and 
returned  home  to  learn  that  he  had  been  elected.  In  view 
of  his  early  release  from  his  mission,  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature  He  served  during  the  session 
of  1886.  and  was  returned  In  ixxx.  when  he  Introduced  in 
the  House  of  Hepi.  ,  his  dills  for  the  establish- 

ment »r  the  |{.-f.  UN  School  and  the  Agricultural  College. 
duth  of  which  became  law. 

In  INKS  he  was  made  Vice  President  of  the  Mantl  Tem- 
ple, and  at  the  death  of  IU  President.  Daniel  H.  Wells. 
In  March.  1891.  was  chosen  his  successor.  His  call  to  the 
Apostleshlp  came  In  October.  1889.  From  1893  to  1896 
he  presided  over  the  Kuro|>ean  Mission,  and  In  1897  visited 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


the  Orient  for  the  purpose  of  fully  organizing  the  Turkish 
Mission  and  looking  out  a  suitable  spot  for  the  coloniza- 
tion of  native  Latter-Day  Saints  in  the  Land  of  Palestine. 
After  due  investigation  it  was  decided  to  abandon  the  col- 
onizing scheme,  or  defer  its  execution,  owing  to  the  in- 
stability of  the  Turkish  government  and  the  insufficiency 
of  its  guarantees.  Apostle  Lund,  during  his  travels  in  the 
Levant,  became  well  acquainted  with  the  country  and  its 
conditions,  knowledge  which  has  proved  of  great  value  to 
him.  He  returned  home  in  June,  1898. 

The  close  of  the  year  1899  brought  with  it  his  appoint- 
ment to  the  responsible  position  of  Church  Historian,  to 
which  he  succeeded  at  the  death  of  Franklin  D.  Richards; 
also  succeeding  him  as  President  of  the  State  Genealogical 
Society.  He  had  previously  been  acting  as  Superintendent 
of  Religion  Classes,  and  as  one  of  the  original  members 
of  the  General  Church  Board  of  Education;  places  held  by 
him  at  the  present  time.  In  October,  1901,  he  was  chosen 
second  counsellor  to  President  Joseph  F.  Smith,  by  virtue 
of  which  appointment  he  became  one  of  the  First  Presi- 
dency of  the  Church. 


President  Lund,  though  not  mainly  a  business  man, 
is  an  able  man  of  affairs,  as  his  past  successes  show. 
He  is  a  director  of  Zion's  Co-operative  Mercantile  Insti- 
tution, of  Zion's  Savings  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  of  the 
Saltair  Beach  Company  and  of  various  other  concerns. 
His  most  decided  leanings  are  literary,  and  had  not  his 
education  been  suspended  in  childhood  by  his  early  call 
into  the  ministry,  he  might  have  shone  as  a  linguist  and 
a  man  of  letters.  As  it  is  he  has  had  editorial  experience, 
first  upon  three  papers  simultaneously  at  Copenhagen,  and 
afterwards  upon  the  "Millennial  Star"  at  Liverpool.  As 
Church  Historian  he  with  his  assistants  is  now  engaged  in 
the  important  task  of  preparing  for  publication  the  His- 
tory of  the  Church,  the  first  volume  of  which  has  already 
been  issued.  He  is  a  man  of  general  intelligence,  noted 
for  the  clearness  of  his  views  and  the  soundness  of  his 
judgment;  while  the  purity  of  his  life,  the  uprightness  of 
his  character,  with  the  mildness,  magnanimity  and  sweet 
charitableness  of  his  disposition,  make  him  beloved  where- 
ever  known  and  render  him  popular  with  all  his  associates. 


REED  SMOOT. 


IT  WILL  not  be  disputed  that  the  mingling  of 
Caucasian  nationalities  by  intermarriage  has  a 

tendency  to  improve  and  regenerate,  and  that  the 
highest  type  of  white  man  is  the  composite  type, 
blending  in  one  lineage  the  best  qualities  of  many. 
The  worlU  .lominating  Anglo-Saxon,  with  his  points 
of  physical,  mental,  moral  and  spiritual  excellence, 
is  a  result  of  race  amalgamation — a  mixture  of  Celt, 
Briton,  Saxon,  Norman  and  Dane;  the  typical  American  is 
the  joint  product  of  the  best  and  most  enlightened  peoples 
on  earth;  and  history  is  but  repeating  itself  in  creating  the 
typical  son  of  Utah,  by  a  union  of  forces  and  powers  sure 
to  make  for  the  general  betterment  of  mankind. 

Reed  Smoot  is  a  typical  son  of  Utah,  of  all  States  In 
the  Union  the  one  which  has  done  most  to  fulfill  the  an- 
cient forecast  of  gathering  her  sons  from  far  and  her 
daughters  from  the  ends  of  the  earth.  He  descends  from 
two  great  races,  both  composite  in  character,  both  famous 
for  their  sterling  qualities  and  the  inestimable  service 
they  have  rendered  civilization.  His  father  was  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  stock  that  peopled  the  eastern  shores  of  North 
America  and  founded  the  mightiest  of  human  governments; 
while  his  mother  was  of  a  lineage  more  ancient  still,  her 
ancestors  being  the  adventurous  Norsemen,  the  first  Eu- 
ropean discoverers  of  this  continent.  Abraham  Owen 
Smoot,  a  power  in  the  founding  of  Utah,  and  a  social  and 
financial  pillar  of  the  commonwealth  as  long  as  he  lived, 
was  born  in  the  State  of  Kentucky;  and  Anna  Kerstina 
Morrison  Smoot  was  a  native  of  Brekka,  Norway.  Both 
were  of  heroic  mould  and  mettle,  and  their  distinguished 
son  inherits  many  of  their  noblest  qualities. 

In  person  Mr.  Smoot  is  tall  and  well  proportioned, 
though  his  unusual  stature  makes  him  appear  almost  slen- 
der in  frame.  He  moves  with  the  rapid,  energetic  stride 
characteristic  of  the  rustling  business  man;  and  business 
man  he  is  emphatically.  Punctuality  itself,  always  keep- 
ing his  appointments,  he  is  a  stern  critic  of  men  who  waste 
other  men's  time  by  failing  to  promptly  keep  theirs.  He 
possesses  a  fearless  candor,  but  is  prudent,  respectful, 
courteous  and  considerate.  While  not  destined  to  shine 
as  an  orator  or  a  writer,  he  expresses  himself  well  both 
by  tongue  and  pen.  His  genius  is  practical  and  progres- 


sive.    As  a  financier  and  an  executive  his  talents  are  of 
the  first  order. 


APOSTLE    REED  SMOOT. 

A  native  of  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  was  born  Jan- 
uary 10,  1802 — about  midway  of  his  father's  twelve  years 
period  of  Mayoralty — he  was  but  ten  years  old  when  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Provo,  where  his  father  was 
also  Mayor,  and  simultaneously  President  of  the  Utah 
Stake  of  Zion.  There  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  sup- 
plemented the  training  received  in  the  ward  schools  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  by  attendance  at  the  Timpanogas  branch 
of  the  University  of  Deseret.  an  institution  succeeded  by 


2O 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


the  Brigbam  Young  Academy,  which  owes  Its  existence  to 
three  men:  Brigham  Young.  Abraham  Owen  Smoot  and 
Karl  G.  Maeser.  Reed  was  one  of  twenty-nine  students 
with  which  the  Academy,  in  April,  1876,  began  its  flrst 
term.  Passing  through  all  the  higher  branches  then  taught 
at  the  institution,  he  was  at  one  time  the  only  student  in 
its  academic  department,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1879. 

From  a  boy  he  had  determined  to  be  a  financier  and 
a  commercial  pillar  in  the  community.  All  his  instincts 
and  inclinations  were  that  way,  and  as  scon  as  he  was  old 
enough  to  form  a  plan,  to  mark  out  a  career,  that  was  the 
end  at  which  he  aimed.  He  inherited  from  both  parents 
financial  tact,  business  acumen  and  executive  ability,  along 
with  that  industrious  nature  and  continuity  of  purpose 
which  are  the  main  secrets  of  every  man's  success.  Having 
such  an  ambition,  he  studied,  while  at  school,  principally 
along  commercial  lines,  and  at  intervals,  mainly  during 
vacations,  worked  in  the  Provo  Woolen  Mills,  of  which  his 
father  was  the  founder  during  the  year  of  Reed's  removal 
to  Provo.  He  worked  in  every  department,  thereby  ob- 
taining a  practical  insight  into  manufacture.  Upon  enter- 
Ing  the  mills  this  lad  of  fourteen  or  fifteen  formed  the 
characteristic  resolve  of  one  day  becoming  their  manager; 
an  ambition  realized  some  years  later. 

His  first  position  after  leaving  school  was  a  humble 
one  in  the  Provo  Co-operative  Institution,  the  first  store 
of  Its  kind  established  under  the  impetus  of  the  great  co- 
operative movement  projected  by  President  Brigham  Young 
In  1868.  Beginning  at  the  bottom  of  the  ladder,  he  went 
to  work  sacking  fruit,  sorting  potatoes  and  doing  other  odd 
Jobs  about  the  place.  His  father,  entering  the  store  one 
day.  said  jokingly  to  the  superintendent,  R.  C.  Kirkwood, 
"I  see  you  have  Ueed  here,  but  I  guess  he  won't  stay  with 
you  very  long."  Reed  overheard  the  remark,  and  though 
it  was  not  unkindly  meant,  It  caused  the  youthful  sacker 
of  potatoes  to  set  his  teeth  doggedly  and  inwardly  deter- 
mine, "I'll  stay  here  till  I  am  superintendent  of  this  in- 
stitution." In  less  than  eighteen  months  the  prediction 
was  fulfilled.  In  September.  1880.  he  became  superinten- 
dent of  the  "Provo  Co-op,"  and  remained  such  until  April, 
1884,  when  he  was  made  manager  of  the  Provo  Woolen 
Mills,  thus  realizing  his  previous  resolve.  Between  these 
appointments  two  calls  came  to  the  mission  field,  but  both 
were  rescinded  by  the  Church  authorities,  as  his  services 
were  needed  at  home.  Simultaneously  with  the  second  re- 
lease he  was  given  a  five  years'  mission  as  manager  of  the 
Woolen  Mills. 

Reed  Smoot's  first  personal  business  venture  was  the 
pun-hase.  with  N.  C.  Larsen,  In  December,  1883.  of  the 
drug  department  of  the  Provo  Cooperative  Institution.  A 
year  later  he  bought  his  partner's  half  Interest  and  became 
sole  owner  of  the  successful  business  now  conducted  under 
the  name  of  the  Smoot  Drug  Company.  He  next  went  Into 
the  sheep  business,  at  which  he  made  more  money  than 
at  anything  else,  and  was  also  lucky  In  real  estate  deals, 
especially  at  the  time  of  "the  boom"  (1888-9),  which  favored 
H<>  few  and  ruined  so  many. 

Up  to  this  time,  barring  a  brief  trip  with  his  father  to 
the  Sandwich  Islands  (May  to  July.  1880).  he  had  never 
I'-ft  his  native  land,  though  he  had  vlitlted  on  business 
nearly  every  State  In  the  Union.  In  the  fall  of  1890  he 
wiii  n|Kin  a  mission  to  K'mi|..-.  lalmriiiK  principally  while 
abroad  as  bookkeeper  and  emigration  rl<>rk  at  the  letter- 
Day  Saints'  office  In  Liverpool.  While  there  he  became  well 
acquainted  with  the  leading  officials  of  the  Oulon  Steam- 
nhlp  l.ln.-.  which  for  many  years  handled  the  bulk  of  the 
Mormon  emigration  from  that  port.  He  was  a  great  fa- 


vorite with  Manager  George  Ramsden.  Mr.  John  A. 
Marsh,  the  head  man  of  the  Guion  Company,  appointed 
him  his  agent  as  a  passage  broker,  which  position,  though 
it  brought  no  salary,  was  of  advantage  to  the  emigratlonal 
interests  of  the  Church.  While  he  was  acting  in  this  ca- 
pacity the  change  was  made  by  which  Mormon  emigrants 
were  provided  with  intermediate,  in  lieu  of  the  usual  steer- 
age passage  across  the  Atlantic.  Before  returning  to  Amer- 
ica he  visited  various  parts  of  Great  Britain,  and  toured 
the  Continent,  passing  through  Belgium,  Holland,  Germany, 
Switzerland,  Italy  and  France. 

Summoned  home  by  the  serious  Illness  of  his  father.  Reed 
assisted  him  for  a  short  time  after  his  arrival  (October  1, 
1891),  as  manager  of  the  Provo  Lumber  Manufacturing 
and  Building  Company,  one  of  the  industries  established 
by  President  Smoct;  and  the  next  spring  he  resumed  his 
former  position  as  manager  of  the  Woolen  Mills.  He 
now  launched  out  in  business  more  extensively  than 
ever.  He  was  the  main  promoter  of  the  Provo  Commercial 
and  Savings  Bank,  and  its  flrst  President,  which  position, 
with  that  of  manager  of  the  Woolen  Mills,  he  still  holds. 
He  also  engaged  in  mining,  built  several  business  blocks, 
and  became  a  director  in  various  important  concerns. 
He  was  one  of  the  original  incorporates  of  the  famous 
Grand  Central  mine,  and  became  VIce-President  of  that 
and  the  Victoria  Mining  Companies.  From  March,  1894, 
until  the  advent  of  Statehood,  he  served,  by  appointment 
of  Governor  Caleb  W.  West,  as  a  director  of  the  Territorial 
Asylum  for  the  Insane;  and  after  Utah  entered  the  Union, 
was  appointed  by  Governor  Heber  M.  Wells  a  member  of 
the  Semi-Centennlal  Commission,  which  conducted  so  suc- 
cessfully the  great  Pioneer  Jubilee. 

Two  years  prior  to  that  event,  in  April.  1805,  he  had 
been  appointed  second  counselor  to  Edward  Partridge, 
who  had  succeeded  Reed's  father  (deceased)  as  President 
of  Utah  Stake.  He  served  in  that  capacity  until  called 
to  the  Apostleship.  five  years  later.  While  a  member  of 
the  Utah  Stake  Presidency,  he  secured  the  means,  by  dona- 
tion from  the  people  of  the  Stake,  that  paid  off  the  debt 
then  hanging  over  the  unfinished  Stake  Tabernacle,  which 
was  completed  through  his  labors  In  a  similar  direction. 
He  also  solicited  subscriptions  for.  and  was  the  main  In- 
strument in,  the  erection  of  the  new  College  Hall,  an  ad- 
junct to  his  alma  mater,  the  Academy.  Of  this  now  flour- 
ishing Institution,  an  account  of  whose  heroic  struggles 
for  life  would  flll  a  volume,  he  Is  one  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

It  can  be  truly  sai.l  of  Reed  Smoot  that  he  never  sought 
ecclesiastical  preferment,  and  up  to  within  a  very  short 
time,  never  cherished  a  political  ambition.  He  has  worked 
honestly  and  faithfully  at  whatever  he  had  In  hand — in- 
dustry and  continuity  being  bis  watchwords,  recognized 
by  him  even  while  a  boy  as  keys  to  prosperity  and  success 
—and  his  talents  and  labors  alone  have  recommended  him 
for  promotion.  This  accounts  for  the  general  fooling  of 
satisfaction  manifested  by  the  vast  multitude  assembled 
In  General  Conference.  Sunday  afternoon.  April  8.  1900. 
when  his  name  was  presented  to  the  congregation,  which 
voted  iimiiiiiiiouslv.  heart  and  hand,  to  sustain  him  as  one 
of  the  Twelve  Apostles  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of 
I.atter-Day  Saints.  Apostle  Smoot  has  been  a  married 
man  since  September  17.  1884.  when  he  wedded  Miss  Alpha 
M.  Mldredge.  daughter  of  General  Horace  S.  Eldredge.  one 
of  Utah's  leading  commercial  men.  and  In  his  Church  one 
of  the  First  Seven  Presidents  of  Seventies.  Six  children 
have  blessed  their  union,  which  has  been  a  happy  one. 
In  politics  Mr.  Smoot  Is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  has 
f  ••  inly  announced  his  candidacy  for  the  United  States 
Senate. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


21 


WILLIAM    BOWKER    PRESTON. 


IN  HIS  search  for  data  the  historian  of  the  West  finds 
cause  for  felicitation  in  the  fact  that,  of  the  old  pio- 
neers  whose   careers   have   been   most   closely   inter- 
woven with  the  growth  of  civilization,  so  many   are  still 
living  and  enjoying  the  vigorous  manhood  which  so  well 
befits  the  dauntless  spirit  which  won  them  places  in  his- 
tory.    In    presenting   the    following   brief    biography,    the 
writer  finds  no  less  pleasure  in  the  fact  that  its  subject 
has  attained  honor  and  prominence  in  the  commonwealth 
he  has  helped  to  build. 

William  Bowker  Preston  is  a  native  of  Franklin  coun- 
ty, Virginia,  where  he  was  born,  November  24,  1830.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  the  day, 
and  spent  his  time  as  did  most  lads  of  the  early  part  of 
the  century,  his  father  being  a  well-to-do  farmer  and 


Valley,  where  for  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  actively 
colonizing  the  fertile  country  tributary  to  Logan.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  founders  of  that  prosperous  little  city, 
in  the  spring  of  1860.  Two  years  later  he  was  elected  to 
the  legislature  and  served  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  con- 
stituents. He  has  been  an  extensive  traveler  in  this  and 
foreign  countries  and  has  acquired  a  fund  of  knowledge 
that  is  almost  inexhaustible. 

In  1869,  during  the  building  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, he  was  a  sub-contractor,  under  Brigham  Young,  in 
Echo  Canon,  and  was  thus  engaged  until  the  completion 
of  the  road,  in  '69.  He  again  served  in  the  legislature  in 
'76,  '78,  '80  and  '82.  In  1871  the  Utah  and  Northern  Rail- 
road was  projected.  In  this  Bishop  Preston  was  one  of 
the  leading  spirits,  and  under  the  advice  and  direction  of 


BISHOP  WILLIAM   BOWKKR   PRKSTON. 


planter  in  Virginia.  Up  to  the  age  of  nineteen  young  Pres- 
ton assisted  his  father  upon  the  farm,  when,  being  an  am- 
bitious youth,  he  determined  to  enter  mercantile  pur- 
suits. He  secured  employment  as  clerk  in  a  store  in  the 
vicinity  of  his  home,  where  he  remained  some  time,  later 
moving  to  Lynchburg,  where  he  continued  clerking  until 
attaining  his  majority,  in  1852. 

The  wondrous  tales  of  gold  from  California  were  at 
that  time  attracting  the  attention  of  the  entire  country, 
and  thither  young  Preston  made  his  way,  having  a  desire 
for  travel  and  seeing  the  cosmopolitan  throngs  that  were 
flocking  to  California,  arriving  there  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two.  He  became  impressed  with  the  fertility  of  the  Cali- 
fornia soil,  and  engaged  in  ranching  and  stock-raising  in 
Yola  county,  where  for  the  ensuing  five  years  he  met 
with  gratifying  success.  In  that  year,  however,  in  company 
with  other  Californians,  neighbors  of  his,  he  came  to  Utah, 
arriving  here  on  New  Year's  Day,  1853,  after  having  crossed 
the  desert  from  Southern  California.  He  settled  in  Cache 


President  Young,  perhaps  did  more  than  any  one  else 
in  uniting  the  people  of  Cache  Valley,  upon  the  completion 
of  the  project.  He  also  discharged  the  duties  of  Vice-Pres- 
ident and  Superintendent  of  the  road  until  it  was  sold  to 
the  Union  Pacific. 

William  B.  Preston  has  ever  been  active  in  the  best 
inteiests  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives,  and  has 
held  many  positions  of  honor  and  trust  in  the  Church. 
He  was  called  to  the  present  high  position  he  occupies 
by  the  death  of  Presiding  Bishop  Edward  Hunter,  the 
general  conference  of  April  6,  1884,  conferring  the  honor 
upon  him.  The  career  of  Bishop  Preston  has  been  the 
career  of  a  man  who  has  the  faculty  to  avoid  mistakes, 
the  attributes  of  character  which  not  only  proclaim 
him  a  man  in  whose  hands  private  affairs  are  safe,  but, 
as  well,  a  fit  custodian  of  the  interests  of  a  community 
and  of  a  state.  It  is  this  which  has  called  him  from  private 
life  into  the  position  he  now  holds,  and  given  to  the  people 
of  Utah  an  able  and  trusted  servant 


22 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


HEBER  M.  WELLS. 


B 


Y  INSTINCT  and  education  Heber  M.  Wells,  who  two 
years  ago  was  elected  to  succeed  himself  as  Governor 
of  Utah,  is  first  of  all  a  thoroughgoing  American  in 


t.U\  KKNOK    HHI.  K    M.    U  t  I  I  - 


every  fibre  of  his  body.    In  years.  Mr.  Wells  Is  In  the  zenith 
of  a  young  manhood,  having  been  born  In  Salt  Lake  City  on 


All  of  his  Interests  and  ventures  from  earliest  boy- 
hood until  the  present  time  have  been  centered  in  Utah 
and  he  has  been  one  of  Utah's  most  prominent  citizens  for 
years.  From  1882  to  1890  he  served  as  recorder  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  He  has  served  two  years  as  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  of  Salt  Lake  City ;  was  Secretary 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1887,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1895,  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Utah.  He  was  the  Republi- 
can nominee  for  Mayor  of  Salt  Lake  City  in  1892,  but  was 
defeated  by  R.  N.  Baskin,  the  Liberal  candidate.  He  has 
served  the  people  of  Utah  as  Governor  for  seven  years 
with  satisfaction  to  all  classes  and  was  renominated  for 
that  high  office  by  acclamation,  a  distinction  that  comes 
to  but  few  men. 

Heber  M.  Wells  is  a  recognized  leader  among  men,  a 
man  who  has  been  eminently  successful  in  whatever  enter- 
prise has  enlisted  his  energies.  In  his  private  life  and 
among  friends  and  acquaintances  he  is  universally  ad- 
mired and  respected  for  his  sterling  worth  and  good  fellow- 
ship. He  has  given  liberally  of  his  substance  and  best 
thought  toward  party  success,  and  is  ever  in  the  front 
ranks  caampioning  Republican  principles,  a  love  of  which 
he  inherited  from  his  distinguished  father,  Hon.  Daniel 
H.  Wells.  The  latter  Is  generally  known  among  the  people 
of  Utah  as  the  "Father  of  Republicanism,"  throughout  the 
state.  By  observation  and  experience  he  has  been  taught 
that  the  perpetuation  of  American  principles  and  ideas  lies 
in  our  free  public  school  system,  and  as  such  he  is  its 
warm  supporter  and  advocate.  He  is  a  staunch  friend  of 
law  and  order,  and  while  recognizing  the  cause  of  orga- 
nized labor,  he  is  opposed  to  all  unlawful  methods  and 
violence  In  seeking  to  redress  real  or  imaginary  wrongs. 
He  Is  a  firm  believer  In  the  greatest  individual  liberty  on 
all  matters  pertaining  to  religion  and  politics;  he  believes 
in  the  doctrine  of  protection  to  American  industries;  is 
an  ardent  supporter  of  home  industry  and  desires  to  see 
the  resources  of  Utah  developed  to  their  highest  possi- 


CITV   AND  COUNTY   §l'll.l>IV«. 


the  llth  day  of  Annual.  1859.  Hit  education  was  obtained 
In  the  public  RchcHiln  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  the  University 
of  Utah. 


i.lliilrH.  and,  above  all.  his  loyalty  and  patriotism  to  the 
principles  of  our  forefather!),  who  founded  this  govern- 
ment, can  never  be  questioned. 


UTAH—  THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


THOMAS  R.  CUTLER. 


THIRTY-EIGHT  years  ago  there  arrived  at  Salt  Lake 
City,  as  a  convert  to  Mormonism  and  an  im- 
migrant to  the  latter-day  Zion,  a  young  Eng- 
lishman a  little  over  twenty  years  of  age,  who, 
trained  as  a  mercantile  clerk  in  his  native  land, 
had  driven  an  ox-team  across  the  plains  and  moun- 
tains to  Utah.  As  if  to  emphasize  the  irony  of  the 
situation,  which  demanded  of  our  early  settlers,  whatever 
their  predilections  and  past  experiences,  that  they  adapt 
themselves  to  their  primitive  surroundings  and  become 
"all  things  to  all  men,"  his  first  employment  in  his  new  home 
was  "digging  carrots  on  shares,"  in  order  to  supply  him- 
self, directly  or  indirectly,  with  means  of  subsistence  dur- 
ing the  approaching  winter.  Fortunately  for  himself  and 
for  those  partly  dependent  upon  him,  this  youth  pos- 


BISHOP     THOMAS   R.  CUTLER. 

sessed  to  a  remarkable  degree  those  powers  of  adaptability 
which,  in  a  country  such  as  this  was,  constituted  one  of 
the  surest  passports  to  success,  and  indeed  has  ever  been 
a  most  prominent  factor  in  the  expansion  and  development 
of  the  great  West.  Added  to  this  quality  was  a  natural 
inclination  to  industry,  combined  with  business  tact  and 
strong  tenacity  of  puipose;  and  to  these  gifts,  supplement- 
ed by  honorable  and  upright  dealing,  this  man,  now  in 
the  prime  of  life,  owes  his  present  social  and  financial 
standing. 

Thomas  Robinson  Cutler,  vice-president  and  mana- 
ger of  the  Utah  Sugar  Company,  and  a  pillar  of  strength 
in  various  other  prosperous  business  concerns,  was  born 
in  Sheffield.  England,  June  2,  1844.  It  may  be  noted  as 
a  double  coincidence  that  his  father,  John  Cutler,  was  a 
cutler  by  trade  in  that  famed  center  of  English  industry 
where  cutlers  "most  do  congregate."  The  boy  derived 
his  middle  name  from  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Robinson  Cut- 


ler, the  amiable,  faithful  and  devoted  companion  of  his 
equally  worthy  father.  Thomas  received  an  ordinary 
education,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  ambitious  to  be  self- 
sustaining,  and  these  tendencies  being  to  a  commercial 
life,  he  entered  the  employ  of  a  large  wholesale  and  for- 
eign mercantile  house,  that  of  S.  and  J.  Watts  &  Co.,  Man- 
chester. There  he  remained  until  March,  1864,  when,  the 
family  having  become  Latter-Day  Saints,  he  severed  his 
connection  with  the  concern  in  order  to  accompany  his 
parents  to  Utah.  He  was  one  of  four  brothers  who  emi- 
grated at  that  time,  three  of  whom  are  still  living  and 
are  prominent  in  Utah  business  circles.  Two  sisters  com- 
pleted the  family  party,  which,  sailing  from  Liverpool  in 
April  of  that  year,  safely  accomplished  the  ocean  voyage 
and  overland  journey  and  arrived  at  Salt  Lake  City  on 
the  6th  of  October. 

As  soon  as  practicable  after  his  arrival  Mr.  Cutler 
again  turned  his  attention  to  commercial  pursuits,  and 
in  the  year  1865,  having  settled  in  Utah  County,  he  be- 
came an  employe  of  the  T.  and  W.  Taylor  Mercantile  Com- 
pany of  Lehi,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  He  re- 
mained with  the  Taylors  for  several  years,  and  then  en- 
gaged in  the  cattle  and  sheep  business  and  other  pursuits. 
Two  or  three  years  later,  in  April,  1872,  he  organized  the 
People's  Co-operative  Institution  of  Lehi,  a  successful 
business  house,  which  has  never  failed  to  pay  dividends 
from  the  day  of  its  organization.  He  is  still  the  president 
of  that  prosperous  institution,  and  acted  as  its  manager 
until  the  year  1889,  when  he  accepted  the  management  of 
the  Utah  Sugar  Company,  whose  phenomenal  success  has 
been  largely  due  to  his  rare  business  sagacity  and  inde- 
fatigable labors  in  its  behalf.  In  the  year  1899  he  organized 
the  Lehi  Commercial  and  Savings  Bank,  of  which  he  is 
still  a  director.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Provo  Woolen 
Mills,  the  most  successful  enterprise  of  its  kind  yet  es- 
tablished in  Utah,  and  is  connected  in  a  similar  capacity 
with  the  Cutler  Brothers  Company  of  Salt  Lake  City.  He 
has  also  engaged  to  some  extent  in  mining.  He  is  a  mar- 
ried man,  with  a  large  and  interesting  family,  and  since 
September  5,  1879,  has  held  the  highest  ecclesiastical  po- 
sition in  the  Lehi  Ward,  that  of  Bishop.  While  not  a  pro- 
fesional  politician,  he  has  been  active  in  the  interests  of 
the  Republican  party  in  Utah,  and  has  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  Lehi  city  government. 

Bishop  Cutler  is  a  natural  financier,  instinctively  a  busi- 
ness man,  of  quick  and  far-reaching  calculation.  As  a  re- 
sult he  is  well-to-do.  He  would  be  wealthy  if  he  was  less 
generous  and  sympathetic,  his  disposition  in  that  direction 
amounting  almost  to  a  fault;  if  such  qualities  can  be  called 
faults.  His  heart  is  ever  open  and  his  hand  ever  ready  to 
help  the  unfortunate.  Always  a  faithful  and  conscientious 
employee,  as  an  overseer  and  director  of  men  he  shines 
conspicuously.  He  is  a  good  judge  of  character,  his  sys- 
tem and  discipline  are  thorough,  and  his  industry  pro- 
verbial. He  will  work  night  and  day  when  necessary 
to  promote  the  interests  of  any  cause  with  which  he 
may  be  identified.  Though  never  robust,  he  has  always 
been  energetic,  and  at  the  age  of  fifty-eight  is  still  in 
sound  health,  and  "on  the  up-grade"  physically  as  well 
as  mentally,  thanks  to  the  open-air  employment  required 
by  his  general  oversight  of  the  beet-growing,  sugar-making 
industry  with  which  he  is  connected.  In  spite  of  his 
great  activity,  Mr.  Cutler  is  of  a  modest,  retiring  nature, 
and  is  an  amiable,  affable  gentleman,  much  esteemed 
throughout  the  community. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    I  Ml'IRI. 


l.'/RA   THOMPSON. 


NOWHERE  tn  the  world  can  man  make  his  way 
upward  from  the  humble  walks  of  life  to 
places  of  honor  and  emolument  like  he  can 
tn  the  West.  Time  and  again  It  has  been  shown 
that  the  boy  whose  earlier  days  were  marked  with 
struggles  and  privation  has  been  able  to  carve  his  name 
higher  upon  the  tablet  of  fame  than  the  one  who  was 
nursed  and  cradled  In  the  lap  of  ease  and  luxury.  This 
Is  not  only  true  of  the  West,  but  of  the  East  and  elsewhere 
as  well.  But  the  opportunity  to  rise  has  been  greater  in 
the  hitherto  undeveloped  West  than  elsewhere.  And  after 


any  such  thoughts  they  were  focused  on  the  future.  He  did 
not  expect  that  he  would  be  able  to  get  rich  all  at  once, 
nor  did  he  anticipate  that  he  could  accumulate  wealth  with- 
out the  application  of  the  energy  with  which  he  was  en- 
dowed. He  was  willing  to  take  the  path  that  led  to  ultimate 
success  even  though  it  took  hard  work,  close  figuring  and 
long  years  to  traverse  It. 

Park  City  in  those  days  was  coming  to  the  front  as  the 
producer  of  the  precious  minerals.  It  was  sending  a  veri- 
table stream  of  silver  Into  the  pockets  of  its  fortunate 
owners.  The  camp  being  without  the  necessary  railroad 


I 


MAVOK    K/.KA    I  H<'\ll'-i>v 


all  It  IB  opportunity  that  tests  and  makes  the  man.  That 
opportunity  may  come  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  or  It 
may  paM  slowly  by  and  be  of  a  duration  more  or  less  pro- 
tracted. In  either  event  It  requires  a  mind  of  tenacity 
to  grasp  and  cling  to  It  until  carried  along  to  success. 

Such  a  mind  had  Ezra  Thompson.  When  a  young  man 
be  observed  the  opening  and  development  of  the  mines 
of  Utah.  More  than  that,  he  saw  the  streams  of  metallic 
wealth  that  commenced  to  flow  Into  trade  channels.  Mi- 
know  that  there  wan  not  an  nim-h  money  hero  an  then- 
should  be.  He  knew,  too,  that  he  was  one  of  those  who 
did  not  have  the  quota  that  would  enable  him  to  take  the 
place  In  the  business  world  that  he  would  like  to  oc>  npy 
But  In  the  new  Industry  he  saw  what  to  him  was  an  oppor- 
tunity. He  had  no  capital  aside  from  the  native  pluck 
that  has  characterized  his  career,  and  therefore  did  imi 
attempt  to  become  a  mine  owner  all  at  once.  If  he  had 


facilities  required  a  van  I  amount  of  team  and  wagon  freight- 
Ing.  And  It  was  there  that  K/.ra  Thompson  concluded  to 
take  the  chance  that  many  another  man  had  permitted  to 
pass,  and  that  some  selr.ed  only  to  find  that  they  hail  made 
a  mistake..  Not  so  with  him.  He  understood  men  thor- 
oughly, and  knew  how  to  handle  them.  Not  a  man  In  the 
district  was  a  l>eii"r  judge  Of  horses  or  a  more  shrewd 
buyer  of  them  than  he.  CiinHei|iiently  Ire  made  money  out 
(  f  Hi.-  ore- hauling  business.  He  kept  at  It  and  made  more 
inoiiiA  Iliri  Ire  dlil  not  go  Into  wild  cat  uncertainties  and 
-•  h  in.'*  with  It.  When  he  Invested  It  was  with  the  knowl- 
edge that  every  dollar  pnl  In  would  bring  him  more  than 
Its  equivalent.  That  Is  a  good  while  ago,  but  It  Is  a  rule 
of  his  life  and  the  principal  key  to  the  continued  SIK-CCRB 
he  has  enjoyed. 

The  flrst  mining  property  with  which  he  was  connected 
In  an  ownership  way  was  the  old  Northland  and  Nevada. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


which  joined  fortune  with  the  Silver  King  to  eventually  be 
absorbed  by  the  latter  company.  Mr.  Thompson  is  today 
one  of  the  greatly  favored  few  who  have  substantial  hold- 
ings in  this  famous  bonanza.  But  like  the  other  owners  of 
this  great  mine,  he  puts  his  dividends  into  Utah  property; 
and  like  them  he  has  the  utmost  confidence  in  the  state's 
future.  He  is  also  interested  in  another  money-making 
property  in  Park  City.  In  fact,  he  is  one  of  its  principal 
stockholders,  as  well  as  being  a  director  in  it.  This  is 
the  Daly- West,  now  pouring  out  its  millions  into  the  treas- 
ure boxes  of  its  fortunate  owners.  In  October,  this  year, 
Mr.  Thompson,  with  associates,  organized  the  Thompson 


Thompson  was  born  in  this  city.  The  fact  that  he  first 
beheld  the  light  on  July  17,  1850,  presupposes  the  fact  that 
he  was  of  pioneer  parentage.  It  was  in  Salt  Lake  that  he 
spent  the  most  of  his  boyhood  days  and  it  was  here  that 
he  obtained  his  education  in  the  district  schools.  It  was 
while  living  here  that  he  saw  the  possibilities  that  Park 
City  offered,  and  thither  he  went.  While  he  lived  there  he 
was  recognized  as  a  solid  citizen,  and  took  some  little  in- 
terest in  politics,  serving  two  terms  in  the  City  Council. 
Upon  returning  to  Salt  Lake,  he  was  induced  by  his  friends 
to  enter  the  arena.  He  was  very  reluctant  to  do  so  but 
being  persuaded,  he  soon  proved  that  he  could  be  success- 


••',    *< 


RESIDENCE  OK   MAYOR   EZRA  THOMPSON. 


Mining  Company.  The  company  owns  50  acres  of  patented 
ground  in  the  famous  Park  City  district,  adjoining  such 
well  known  dividend  payeis  as  the  Quincy,  Little  Bell, 
J.  I.  C.  and  the  Daly-Judge.  The  company  was  capitalized 
for  $500,000  at  $1  per  share,  with  the  following  gen- 
tlemen upon  its  directorate:  Ezra  Thompson,  president 
and  manager;  J.  C.  Lynch,  a  director;  W.  S.  McCornick 
and  J.  D.  Murdock,  also  directors,  who.  with  Hon.  A.  L. 
Thomas,  complete  the  list.  In  addition  to  his  Park  City 
holdings  Mayor  Thompson  has  valuable  interests  on  the 
west  of  the  Wasatch  range  in  the  region  of  the  Cotton- 
woods,  and  is  among  those  who  believe  that  there  is  much 
wealth  there. 

Although  a  resident  of  Park  City  for  many  years  Mr. 


fill  in  politics  as  well  as  in  business.  He  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  as  mayor  of  Salt  Lake.  In  each  case  he 
was  elected  by  a  big  majority  over  a  strong  opponent.  His 
administration  has  been  over  a  period  fraught  with  grave 
public  difficulties,  but  his  careful  regard  for  the  trust  im- 
posed upon  him  has  caused  him  to  steer  the  municipal  ship 
over  the  breakers  without  being  subjected  to  extreme  dan- 
ger. Mayor  Thompson's  interest  in  the  affairs  of  Salt  Lake 
City  is  but  natural,  as  he  is  the  owner  of  valuable  busi- 
ness and  city  property  in  it  himself.  His  first  term  're- 
flected marked  credit  upon  his  administrative  judgment 
and  ability.  His  second  will  do  the  same,  for  he  not  only 
represents  the  political  party  that  elected  him.  but  the 
whole  public,  as  he  is  the  mayor  of  the  people. 


26 


UTAH— THF.    INLAND    LMPIRK 


WILLIAM   S.  McCORNICK. 


THKKE  Is  an  element  of  character  In  some  men  which 
Impels  them  to  success,  not  through  the  blunders  of 
fortune  or  the  possession  of  means,  but  through  the 
commanding  virtues— judgment,  perseverance,  honor.    The 
West  has  been  a  rich  field  of  opportunities  for  such  men. 
and  It  Is  not  surprising  that  we  find  them  so  conspicuous 
among  those  who  have  reaped  a  harvest  of  gold  In  this  In- 
land Empire — Utah.    Among  those  who  may  be  enrolled  un- 
der this  head.  Hon.  W.  8.  McCornlck  stands  foremost  and 


when  reports  of  the  famous  Comstock  lode  and  the  won- 
derful strikes  In  Nevada  mines  reached  his  ears,  Mr. 
McCornick  decided  to  migrate  to  the  new  Mecca,  and. 
accordingly,  the  same  year  found  him  a  resident  of  Ne- 
vada, where  be  became  actively  engaged  in  mining 
and  lumbering,  devoting  most  of  the  time  to  his  lumber 
Interests.  After  years  of  successful  work  in  mining 
ami  lumbering,  during  which  he  acquired  the  foun- 
dation for  his  present  fortune,  and  operated  in  Virginia 


wil  I  I  XM   -.     M   in»Mt  k. 


pre-eminent,  and  as  such  Is  no  less  worthy  of  presentation 
M  one  among  the  state's  most  energetic  and  progressive 
mra  of  affairs. 

William  8.  MrCornlrk  owes  his  nativity  to  Canada, 
having  been  born  in  the  province  of  Ontario.  HIM  parly 
boyhood  days  were  spent  with  his  parents  upon  the  farm, 
and  »«re  divided  between  the  duties  of  most  lads  of  the 
day  and  pui»ult  of  the  elementary  studies  now  taught  In 
the  grammar  grade*.  He  was  an  ambitious  youth,  and. 
when  a  mere  boy.  determined  to  go  forth  Into  the  world 
for  hlmwlf  and  hew  out  In.  f.,itui>.  Yi.  Ming  to  the 
overwhelming  Impulse,  be  l-ft  home  at  the  age  of  22. 
and  dirwieii  bin  nil-pit  in  the  (.olden  Went,  at  that  time 
the  Merra  of  all  ambitious  youths  of  the  day.  Arriving 
In  California,  afior  many  and  varied  experlencM  ra  route, 
yoang  MrCornlrk  at  once  engaged  In  ranching,  which  or- 
rnpaikit)  be  followed  for  the  ensuing  two  years.  In  1M2. 


y  Austin.  Hamilton.  H-  liimiit  and  most  of  the  principal 
mining  ramps  of  the  state,  he  removed  to  Salt  1-ake  City  In 
1873. 

Mr.  M«  rornicK  has  lx<en  a  resident  of  Salt  Lake  City 
for  nearly  thirty  yearn,  and  the  banking  Institution  which 
he  Mtabllshed  In  1x7:1  under  the  head  of  McCornlck  ft  Co. 
has  grown  from  a  small  beginning  to  the  proud  distinction 
"I  lii-tnu  the  lance*!  private  bankliiK  house  between  the 
Missouri  Hlver  and  the  I'arinc  Coast.  The  handsome 
and  Imposing  seven-story  gray  stone  luilldlng  in  which  the 
bank  ha*  been  located  for  the  past  ten  years,  stands  as  a 
nintiiimrat  to  Its  enterprise  and  |>rogreMlvene*s.  The 
i-Ktlmatliin  and  confidence  in  which  the  bank  Is  held  In 
I'tah.  Idaho.  Nevada  and  adjacent  states  are  reflected  In 
the  deposits,  which  aggregate  the  ennrmoim  sum  of  $5.000.- 
000.00.  This  trust  has  never  been  betrayed,  and  In  1893, 
when  a  spirit  of  Insecurity  pervaded  financial  circles 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


27 


throughout  the  country,  the  banking  house  of  McCornick 
&  Company  of  Salt  Lake  City  stood  intact,  meeting  all 
claims  as  they  were  presented  and  demonstrating  that  no 
crisis  or  disaster  can  endanger  the  interests  of  which  this 
venerable  and  stable  institution  is  the  custodian. 

Mr.  McCornick  had  been  in  Utah  for  nearly  ten  years 
before  he  became  actively  engaged  in  mining  operations. 
Since  1887  he  has  devoted  much  of  his  time  and  capital 
to  the  development  of  the  immense  mining  interests  of  this 
state.  He  is  associated  with  many  of  the  best  known  and 
most  successful  mining  men  of  the  West  in  such  properties 
as  the  famous  Silver  King,  the  marvel  of  the  mining  world, 
the  Daly  and  the  Daly-West,  mines  the  tale  of  whose  wealth 
is  told  in  millions,  the  Centennial-Eureka,  and  the  Grand 
Central,  another  Utah  property  of  prominence.  Outside  of 
the  state  he  is  a  heavy  holder  of  the  stock  of  the  celebrated 
Tom  Boy  mine  cf  Telluride,  Colorado,  whose  fame  has 
girdled  the  globe.  He  is  also  associated  in  numerous  other 
mining  deals,  of  lesser  importance,  situated  in  nearly 
every  mining  locality  of  Utah,  Idaho  and  Nevada.  The 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Company's  stock  has 
proven  an  attraction  for  him,  and  he  is  heavily  interested 
in  the  great  corporation,  and  has  been  largely  influential 
in  bringing  about  the  expenditure  of  the  vast  sums  recently 
made  by  the  management  of  that  organization,  in  improve- 
ments in  their  plants  located  in  this  state.  He  is  also  a 
director  and  stockholder  in  the  Bingham  Consolidated 
Smelting  and  Refining  Company. 

Had  Mr.  McCornick  done  no  more  than  to  give  the 
state  a  stable  financial  institution,  his  services  would  have 
been  inestimable,  but  he  has  fostered  enterprises  moie  far- 
reaching  in  their  effect  upon  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
Utah.  In  connection  with  Senator  W.  A.  Clark  and  other 
prominent  capitalists,  he  is  devoting  much  time  to  the 
completion  of  the  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  and  Salt  Lake 
Railroad,  work  upon  which  is  progressing  most  satisfac- 
torily. He  is  a  stockholder  and  a  director  in  the  affairs 
of  the  company,  and  has  great  confidence  in  the  benefits 
which  Southern  California  and  Utah  will  derive  from  the 
completion  and  operation  of  this  short  line.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Telephone  Com- 
pany, which  has  placed  Salt  Lake  City  within  speaking 
distance  of  the  East  and  the  West,  and  is  the  treasurer 
of  this  company  at  the  present  time.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  organizers  and  president  of  the  Gold  Belt  Water 
Company,  which  supplies  water  to  the  mines  and  town  of 
Mercur.  Cattle  interests  of  the  state  have  not  been  neg- 
lected, and  we  find  him  the  president  of  the  Raft  River 
Land  and  Cattle  Company,  with  immense  holdings  and 
herds  in  the  state  of  Idaho.  In  addition  to  being  the  head 
of  the  great  Salt  Lake  City  Banking  House  which  bears 
his  name,  he  is  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  at 
Logan,  Utah,  vice-president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Nephi,  Utah,  a  director  and  stockholder  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Park  City,  a  director  and  stockholder  In 
the  Bannock  National  Bank,  Pocatello,  Idaho,  the  president 
of  the  Utah  Savings  and  Trust  Company  of  this  city,  and 


treasurer  and  a  director  of  the  great  Silver  King  Mining 
Company,  also  occupying  a  similar  position  with  the 
Daly-West  Mining  Company.  His  name  is  associated  with 
local  enterprises  too  numerous  to  mention  in  detail,  but  all 
of  which  have  redounded  to  the  welfare  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
Besides  those  with  which  his  name  is  connected,  he  has 
furnished  the  capital  for  scores  of  enterprises  that,  but 
for  his  liberal  aid,  would  never  have  been  inaugurated  or, 
at  best,  would  have  proved  failures.  This  brings  into  prom- 
inence the  generous  side  of  Mr.  McCornick's  nature,  and  it 
commands  the  admiration  of  the  character  student  no  less 
than  that  element  which  has  made  him  eminent  as  a  finan- 
cier. What  he  does  for  his  fellow  man  is  the  expression 
of  generous  and  noble  impulse,  and  is  done  as  inconspicu- 
ously as  possible. 

For  the  past  thirteen  years  Mr.  McCornick  has  been 
president  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  board  of  trus- 
tees, and  in  that  capacity  has  accomplished  much  that  has 
redounded  directly  to  the  benefit  of  the  college  and  indi- 
rectly to  the  state  at  large.  It  has  been  a  constant  source 
of  pride  to  successfully  direct  the  affairs  of  the  institution, 
which  is  supported  by  both  Federal  and  state  appropria- 
tions, augmented  by  small  matriculation  fees.  This  insti- 
tution under  the  direction  of  Mr.  McCornick  has  reached 
a  standard  of  excellence  that  has  spread  beyond  the  con- 
fines of  the  state.  Mr.  McCornick  enjoys  the  distinction 
of  being  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  and  the  first  president 
of  the  Alta  Club,  a  social  organization  of  wealthy  business 
men,  whose  clubhouse  is  one  of  the  most  handsomely  ap: 
pointed  of  any  west  of  Chicago.  Upon  the  formation  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  several  years  ago,  he  was 
unanimously  tendered  the  presidency,  and  during  his 
incumbency  he  wrought  many  changes  all  of  which  proved 
beneficial  to  the  city.  Twice  prompted  by  a  spirit  of  duty 
toward  the  city  he  accepted  a  membership  in  the  City 
Council,  at  a  time  when  the  ship  of  state  was  sadly  in 
need  of  able  counsel  and  sound  business  principles  to 
bring  it  forth  from  threatened  ruin.  But  Mr.  McCornick 
is  not  a  politician.  It  has  been  marveled  that  a  man 
possessing  the  wealth  and  influence  of  Mr.  McCornick  could 
have  avoided  drifting  into  state  and  national  politics.  Few 
men  similarly  situated  would  have  withstood  the  tempta- 
tion, but  if  political  honors  were  a  temptation  to  Mr.  Mc- 
Cornick we  cannot  say.  Certain  it  is  that  there  has  not 
been  a  time  in  the  statehood  of  Utah  that  he  might  not 
have  accepted  preferment  in  the  political  realm  with  the 
enthusiastic  applause  of  his  fellow  citizens,  regardless  of 
party  affiliation.  Whatever  his  estimate  of  their  value, 
he  has  never  permitted  political  possibilities  to  deflect 
him  from  his  chosen  sphere  of  usefulness.  From  this  it 
must  not  be  inferred  that  he  takes  no  interest  in  politics, 
for,  on  the  contrary,  he  is  a  staunch  Republican,  and  an 
able  defender  of  the  tenets  of  nis  party. 

Scores  of  names  are  inscribed  on  Utah's  scroll  of  fame, 
but  none  is  better  entitled  to  the  distinction  than  William 
S.  McCornick,  nor  are  there  many  after  whom  the  youth  of 
the  State  may  pattern  with  better  profit  to  themselves. 


28 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


FRANK    KNOX. 


SALT  l.AKK  CITY,  while  surrounded  by  the  advantages 
with  which  a  bountiful  nature  has  endowed  this  sec- 
tlun.  owe*  much  of  Its  growth  and  prosperity  to  the 
Indomitable  pluck  and  tenacity  of  the  far-seeing  and  per- 
severing men  of  business  and  finance  who  have  cast  their 


the  early  age  of  sixteen,  and  they  found  gratification  In 
his  securing  a  situation  in  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Washington.  Iowa,  where  he  began  as  messenger  and  run- 
ner, and  remained  for  several  years.  The  duties  of  bank 
messengers  in  those  days  were  more  arduous  and  respon- 


•  •  \\K   KNOX. 


kH  with  UM  city  and  Invented  their  mean*  In  tho  develop- 
ment of  UM  laduMHn.  at  our  donr  Tii-  •  M>  rialmn  many 
MMfe.  and  proBlMOt  among  ihi-m  Is  the  subjwi  of  thin 

•i.  00*  of  to*  ritt  .  |cmlln«  financier*. 
Mr.  Knox  OWM  bl»  nativity  tn  Iowa,  a  Bute  that  ha» 
furnlnhod  many  inflm-mlal  'Itlxvns  to  ih-  •  My  nf  hu  adop- 
tloo.     Ills  Inrlinati'in*  turnwi   insllnctlvHy  to  finance    at 


Kiiil<>  than  now.  That  was  before  the  era  of  the  clearing 
hnu*«.  the  li'li-phoni-  mul  nnniborlms  other  ronvenlences 
of  HHK|.  in  imxini-HH  with  which  wp  are  so  familiar  as  to 
•  nnnldfr  •  mailer  of  i-ourni>  Thon  the  bank  messenger 
was  lh<-  cotirlor  nf  all  mcusagps.  Important  and  trivial, 
•ml  wan  frequently  rharg«nl  with  Hi.,  delivery  of  valuable 
commercial  paper.  So  conscientiously  and  satisfactorily 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


29 


did  young  Knox  discharge  the  duties  incumbent  upon  him, 
that  he  won  successive  promotions  and  was,  at  the  time 
of  his  resignation,  Assistant  and  Acting  Cashier,  in  which 
capacity  he  manifested  signal  efficiency. 

His  knowledge  of  banks  and  banking  was  most  valu- 
able, and  in  1885,  having  tendered  his  resignation  from  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Washington.  Iowa,  he  determined 


A   SALT   LAKE   BUSINESS  STREET   IN    1868. 

to  go  to  Kansas,  where  he  founded  one  National  and  two 
State  banks.  He  conducted  the  affairs  of  these  two  in- 
stitutions with  marked  success.  During  the  four  years  of 
his  banking  experience  in  the  Sunflower  State  he  was  iden- 
tified with  the  organization  of  the  National  Bank  of  Com- 
merce of  Kansas  City.  This  is  the  largest  national  bank 
west  of  Chicago,  and  has  deposits  aggregating  the  enor- 
mous sum  of  $35,000.0(10. 

Thirteen  years  ago,  Mr.  Knox  disposed  of  all  of  his 
Eastern  interests  and  accordingly  the  following  year  found 
him  a  resident  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Mr.  Knox  came  to  this 
city  equipped  with  the  attributes  demanded  in  the  success- 
ful banker  and  business  man,  and  immediately  organized 
the  National  Bank  of  the  Republic.  Mr.  Knox  was  made 
president  of  the  bank,  and  has  since  been  its  supreme  head 
and  principal  owner.  The  capital  of  the  institution  is  now 
$300,000  and  the  surplus  and  undivided  profits  are  grow- 
ing in  a  most  gratifying  manner.  The  estimation  and  con- 
fidence in  which  the  bank  is  held  in  Utah  are  reflected  in 
the  deposits,  which  exceed  the  immense  sum  of  $2,700,- 
000.00.  The  personnel  of  the  bank  is  composed  of  the 
following  gentlemen  whose  names  are  identified  with 
mining,  finance  and  business  circles  throughout  the  entire 
country:  Frank  Knox,  President;  George  A.  Lowe,  Vice- 
President;  and  W.  F.  Adams,  Cashier,  while  J.  C.  Lynch 
of  this  city;  Henry  Phipps,  a  millionaire  iron  man  of  Pitts- 
burg;  G.  S.  Holmes,  proprietor  of  the  famous  Knutsford  of 
this  city  and  the  Angelus  hotel  of  Los  Angelus;  James  A. 
Murray,  a  mining  man  and  capitalist  of  Butte;  S.  B.  Milner, 
a  Salt  Lake  capitalist,  and  the  Hon.  Thomas  Kearns,  of 
the  famous  Silver  King  mine  at  Park  City,  complete  the 
Board  of  Directors.  The  National  Bank  of  the  Republic  is 
the  United  States  Depository  for  this  State,  and  is  one  of 
the  soundest  and  most  conservatively  managed  institu- 
tions of  the  kind  in  the  West. 

Mr.  Knox  gives  his  personal  time  and  attention  to  the 
affairs  of  the  bank,  yet  still  has  time  to  devote  to  the 
innumerable  business  concerns  with  which  his  name  is 
associated.  He  keeps  in  constant  touch  with  the  financial 
centers  of  this  continent,  not  alone  through  the  agency 


of  the  bank's  excellent  correspondents,  but  by  personally 
spending  a  certain  portion  of  his  time  each  year  in  the 
money  centers  of  the  country.  His  influence  in  this  State 
has  been  invaluable  in  directing  a  steady  stream  of  moder- 
ate sized  investments  toward  this  city  from  outside  points. 
Had  Mr.  Knox  done  no  more  than  to  give  Utah  a  stable 
financial  institution  his  services  would  have  been  inesti- 
mable, but  he  has  fostered  enterprises  more  far  reaching 
in  their  effect  upon  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the 
State.  In  1900,  when  Congress  appropriated  half  a  million 
dollars  for  the  erection  of  a  Federal  building  in  this  City, 
he  was  immediately  chosen  the  disbursing  agent  of  the 
Government,  and  his  bank  designated  as  the  depository  for 
Government  funds  in  this  State.  This  was  not  only  on 
account  of  the  substantial  nature  of  the  National  Bank  of 
the  Republic  of  which  he  is  the  head,  but  was  likewise 
due  in  a  measure  to  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  lead- 
ing Government  officials,  including  not  only  some  members 
of  the  Cabinet  under  President  McKinley,  but  the  Presi- 
dent himself,  and  a  number  of  United  States  Senators  and 
Representatives  as  well. 

Mr.  Knox  is  a  man  of  extensive  interests,  as  the  term 
is  understood  by  operators  and  capitalists.  In  addition  to  a 
very  large  ownership  of  stocks,  bonds  and  other  moneyed 
interests,  he  has  large  realty  holdings  and  is  identified 
with  all  matters  of  general  public  interest.  He  is  President 
and  owns  the  controlling  interest  in  the  Salt  Lake  Ice 
Company,  of  this  city,  which  is  the  largest  concern  of  the 
kind  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  He  is  heavily  inter- 
ested in  the  famous  Daly-West  and  other  mines  of  the  Park 
City  district.  Outside  the  State  his  interests  are  princi- 
pally in  Nevada  mines. 

Frank  Knox  is  distinctly  a  man  of  affairs.  Quiet  and 
unassuming,  yet  shrewd  and  tactful,  he  has  a  capacity  for 
solving  aright  the  business  problems  of  an  eventful  career, 
and  his  unerring  judgment  has  been  the  fulcrum  on  which 
has  turned  the  success  of  great  enterprises.  The  commu- 
nity in  which  he  lives  is  indebted  to  him  no  less  for  the 
influence  of  his  career  than  for  the  unfailing  support  he 


OX  TEAMS  IN  THE    STREETS    OF    SALT    LAKE    BEFORE    THE    ADVENT 
OF   THE    RAILROADS. 

extends  all  projects  conceived  in  the  interest  of  the  moral 
and  material  welfare  of  the  city  and  State.  Mr.  Knox  pos- 
sesses that  charm  and  polish  of  manner  which  come  of 
travel,  experience,  education  and  breeding.  He  is  a  man 
of  force  and  character,  and  in  all  relations  of  friendship 
and  business  commands  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all 
who  have  his  acquaintance. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


NICHOLAS  TREWEEK. 


THAT  there  is  some  agency  necessary  to  co-operate  with 
nature  in  the  development  of  a  mining  camp  is  amply 
evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the  gold  and  silver  ledges 
of  Utah  contained  their  treasure  ages  before  it  was  of  use 
to  mankind.  The  perseverance  and  pluck  of  the  Western 
mining  man  constitute  that  agency,  and,  in  exploiting  the 
greatest  industry  of  this  State,  the  writer  recognizes  an 
obligation  In  paying  special  mention  to  the  men  who  have 
been  instrumental  In  the  development  of  Nature's  boun- 
ties. Among  those  who  may  properly  be  classified  under 
that  category,  few  have  contributed  in  so  generous  a  degree 
as  the  man  whose  name  Introduces  this  biography. 

Nicholas  Treweek  owes  hie  nativity  to  England,  where 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  initiated  into  mining  life; 
a  calling  that  his  father  had  followed  for  many  years 


su  MOI  ^ 

uinoriK  Hi'-  "i|.|»-r.  :.:lvr  and  lead  mines  of  that  country 
and  Wale*.  Itelng  an  ambitious  youth,  young  Treweek 

i".  i.d-'d  night  school  In  his  native  land  In  order  to  sup- 
pl'-Mieiii  his  limited  op|i<  rnmiil>-n  while  a  young  lad  In 

in  ndliiK  day  HchiMilH.  lie  has  always  been  a  great  stu- 
•!•  hi.  and  ha*  acquired  a  practical  education  by  dint  of 
much  effort  and  a  deep  seated  desire  for  knowledge.  Be- 
coming Imbued  with  the  Idea  that  this  country  offered 
Krcaicr  npportunliieii  for  •  young  man  than  the  older  set- 
(I'-il  mining  districts  of  Kngland.  he  made  his  debut  upon 
American  soil  In  the  year  1870.  at  which  time  he  had  not 
yet  attained  his  majority.  The  mining  regions  of  Pennsyl- 
vania attracted  him.  as  they  bad  done  thousands  of  young 
men.  anil  the  first  two  years  of  his  life  In  Uncle  Sam's  do- 
main were  spent  among  ihe  mlnen  and  mining  districts  of 
the  Keystone  Hlale 

The  year  1872  marked  the  beginning  of  a  great  pro- 
gressive era  for  Ihe  State  beyond  the  "River."  and  among 
the  throng  who  visited  I'inti  at  that  time  was  young  Tro- 
and.  accordingly,  the  same  year  found  him  a  resident 


of  Bingham.  from  which  point  he  conducted  varied  mining 
operations.  He  first  secured  employment  in  the  old  Win- 
nemuck  Mine  at  Bingham.  and  served  his  apprenticeship 
working  with  pick  and  drill.  This  is  a  feature  of  his  ex- 
perience which  was  destined  to  be  of  Inestimable  value 
In  future  years,  and  one  in  which  he  takes  a  praiseworthy 
pride,  for  It  Is  to  the  practical  lessons  learned  as  a  com- 
mon miner  that  he  largely  attributes  his  great  success  in 
the  management  and  development  of  properties.  After  a 
year  of  this  practical  schooling,  he  became  Superintendent 
of  the  mine,  which  at  that  time  was  working  over  200  men. 
During  the  time  that  Mr.  Treweek  was  engaged  upon 
the  Wlnnemuck.  both  in  the  capacity  of  common  miner  and 
later  as  Superintendent  of  the  famous  old  property,  he  was 
also  spending  all  his  spare  time  in  prospecting  in  the  dis- 
trict. The  first  discoveries  that  he  made  proved  "good" 
and  the  "St.  Johns"  was  formed  early  in  '74.  He  opened 
up  the  mine  and  after  extracting  lots  of  ore,  disposed  of 
his  Interest.  His  success  with  the  Winnemuck  and  the 
St.  John  won  him  immediate  recognition  in  the  district, 
and  he  was  tendered  the  position  of  opening  the  old 
Brooklyn  mine  in  Bingham.  at  that  time  owned  by  Moses 
Hirschman  and  Lewis  Martin  of  this  city.  He  opened  up 
this  fine  piece  of  property  from  the  grassroots  and  placed 
it  upon  a  paying  basis.  Mr.  Treweek,  in  the  '70a.  was  an 
extensive  contractor,  and  sank  shafts  and  drove  tunnels  on 
many  of  the  famous  old  mines  of  those  days,  to  his  profit. 
In  1876  he  left  Bingham  to  assume  charge  of  the  Miller 
mines  at  American  Fork.  These  were  the  big  mines  of 
the  day.  and  under  Mr.  Treweek's  supervision  and  direc- 
tion proved  fine  properties.  In  1878  he  was  superintend- 
ent of  what  was  known  as  the  Carbonate  mines  In  Big  Cot- 
tonwood  canon,  rich  mines  in  their  day.  Two  years  later 
found  him  in  charge  of  development  work  on  the  Flagstaff, 
in  the  Little  Cottonwood  mining  district.  The  mine  at  this 
time  was  giving  employment  to  several  hundred  men. 
Park  City  claimed  his  attention  In  the  spring  of  1881. 
where  he  opened  up  the  Lowell  mine  for  the  Walker 
Brothers  of  Salt  Ijike  City.  At  that  time  he  made  his  first 
move  as  an  organizer  of  mining  companies,  and  after  his 
experience  of  ten  years  as  a  developer  of  properties  he 
was  certainly  capable  of  judging  a  mine.  The  first  com- 
piiny  formed  was  known  as  the  Climax  Mining  Company. 
which  developed  into  a  most  valuable  piece  of  property. 
The  mine  became  Involved  In  litigation,  however,  and  in 
1883  a  consolidation  was  formed  with  the  Crescent  Min- 
im: Company,  and  Mr.  Treweek  disposed  of  his  Interest  In 
the  mine  and  left  for  a  prospecting  trip  through  Colo- 
rado. The  (Hack  Range  excitement  was  at  that  time  the 

i  of  all  prospectors  and  miners  and  thither  Mr.  Tre- 
week wended  his  way.  After  spending  several  months  In 
Hie  vicinity  of  Silver  City.  N,  «  M.  \i.<>.  he  returned  to 
Utah  with  the  intention  of  moving  his  family  to  Denver. 
Hut  upon  his  return  I  <•  was  persuaded  to  return  to  Bing- 
ham and  assume  charge  of  the  old  Brooklyn  and  Lead 
thin-  v  at  that  lime  owned  by  A.  Hanauor  and  associates. 

malned  In  chart:- •  <>r  tin-He  mines  until  1888.  at  which 
time  he  tendered  his  resignation  to  commence  his  career 
a*  a  promoter,  for  which  calling  he  waa  well  fitted  by 
natural  versatility  and  by  hln  varied  and  extensive  mining 
and  hiiMlnetts  expcrl'-ii' -•  lie  - -n-aied  foreign  connections 
and  began  operations  at  nnce.  Ills  first  successful  promo- 
tion of  considerable  magnitude,  was  the  sale  of  the 
Charles  Dickens  mine.  In  Idaho,  to  a  London  corporation. 
Id-turning  from  London  he  purchased  the  Lucky  Boy  mine 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


31 


in  Custer  County,  Idaho,  the  property  now  being  known  as 
the  Lucky  Boy  Gold  Mining  Company.  It  is  a  close  corpo- 
ration, the  stock  being  owned  by  Mr.  Treweek,  who  is 
the  president  of  the  company,  W.  S.  McCornick,  the  well- 
known  financier,  and  A.  Hanauer.  The  mine  is  in  active 
operation  and  has  been  a  steady  shipper  and  dividend- 
payer  for  many  years. 

About  this  time  Mr.  Treweek,  in  company  with  other 
prominent  capitalists  and  mining  men,  organized  and  in- 
corporated the  Alliance  Mining  Company,  at  Park  City. 
Mr.  Treweek  was  vice-president  and  general  manager  of 
the  company,  which  spent  several  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars in  developing  the  mine,  and,  in  1896,  sold  it  to  the 
Silver  King,  whose  property  it  adjoined.  He  has  been 
president  and  manager  of  the  Lucky  Boy  mine  since  its 
organization,  and  president  of  the  Big  Cottonwood  Copper 
and  Gold  Mining  Company,  organized  this  year  under  the 
laws  of  the  State  of  Maine,  with  a  capital  of  $1.500,000,  the 
stock  of  which  is  owned  by  himself  and  family.  In  1901 
Mr.  Treweek  organized  the  Wabash  Mining  Company,  at 
Park  City.  This  property  is  being  most  actively  devel- 
oped and  is  attracting  much  favorable  attention  and  com- 
ment at  the  present  time.  Mr.  Treweek  is  the  president 
and  manager  of  this  property  and  has  associated  with 
him  in  the  company  John  A.  Creighton,  the  millionaire 
philanthropist  of  Omaha.  Together  with  Mr.  Creighton 
Mr.  Treweeek  owns  the  control  of  the  Wabash  Company. 

Mr.  Treweek  maintains  offices  at  16  State  street,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  and  a  handsomely  appointed  suite  at  25  Broad 
street,  New  York  City,  in  the  very  heart  of  the  financial 
quarter  of  America's  metropolis.  Both  offices  are  in 


charge  of  experienced  financiers,  and  from  these  two 
offices  Mr.  Treweek  is  constantly  hard  at  work  to  Interest 
capital,  not  only  in  Utah  mines,  but  in  all  classes  of  sound 
investments  in  this  great  inland  empire. 

Mr.  Treweek's  interests,  while  largely  concentrated  in 
the  mines  of  the  State,  are  by  no  means  confined  to  those 
limits.  His  liberal  investments  have  contributed  to  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  entire  commonwealth,  but 
however  much  he  could  do  through  the  direct  outlay  of 
capital  it  could  never  equal  the  service  he  has  tendered 
Utah  in  bringing  her  resources  to  the  attention  of  the 
financial  world.  His  influence  has  not  done  less  for  the 
State  than  his  enterprise,  and  in  neither  has  he  been 
surpassed  by  the  sponsors  of  our  manifold  industries  and 
resources.  While  Mr.  Treweek  has  ever  been  alive  to  his 
own  interests  he  has  not  been  blind  to  the  duties  im- 
posed by  good  citizenship,  and  has  taken  a  prominent  part 
in  many  of  the  political  moves  of  early  days  as  well  as  of 
recent  years.  He  took  an  active  part  and  was  one  of  the 
first  organizers  of  the  Republican  party  of  the  State.  He 
was  made  treasurer  of  the  Republican  territorial  com- 
mittee for  two  terms,  and  in  many  other  ways  evidenced 
the  keenest  interest  in  the  tenets  and  welfare  of  his  party. 

Mr.  Treweek  is  a  man  of  energy,  but  is  as  unassum- 
ing in  manner  as  he  is  forceful  in  presence.  His  keen 
observation  is  apparent,  but  unobtrusive.  His  address 
inspires  confidence,  and  all  impressions  proclaim  him  the 
man  of  capability  and  reserve  force  his  exceptional  career 
has  proved  him  to  be.  His  success  has  been  manifestly 
the  reward  of  business  ability  of  the  highest  order,  an 
ability  that  has  made  him  one  of  the  foremost  mining  pro- 
moters of  this  State. 


}.  A.  CUNNINGHAM. 


THE  career  of  J.  A.  Cunningham  is  one  of  scores  afford- 
ed by  the  West,  demonstrating  that  mining  expe- 
rience is  not  necessary  to  mining  success,  and  yet 
who  will  gainsay  its  value  in  certain  channels  of  mining, 


J.   A.   CUNNINGHAM' 


where  practical  knowledge  of  mineralogy  and  geology  must 
necessarily  be  of  service?  But  to  successful  mining  opera- 
tions mining  experience  is  not  always  essential.  The  requi- 
site is  neither  practical  knowledge  nor  luck;  it  is  business 
ability,  and  the  mining  men  who  have  made  the  greatest 
successes  in  this  state  are  men  who  have  utilized  the 
acumen  which  reaps  reward  wherever  exercised. 

J.  A.  Cunningham  is  one  of  these.  Born  in  Quincy, 
Illinois,  in  1842,  at  an  early  age  his  parents  emigrated  to 
Utah,  where  young  Cunningham  arrived  when  he  was  seven 
years  old.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  the  day, 
where  he  received  a  limited  education,  which  has  happily 
been  augmented  by  his  studious  nature,  with  the  result 
that  at  attaining  his  majority  Mr.  Cunningham  had  ac- 
quired a  knowledge  of  men  and  affairs,  gained  from  close 
observation  and  practical  experience,  which  has  proved 
of  inestimable  value  to  him  in  after  years.  He  is  familiar 
with  the  countless  privations  which  the  resolute  body  of 
men  and  women  who  emigrated  to  this  valley  in  the  early 
'50s  had  to  meet,  and  his  early  training  turned  him  quite 
naturally  to  freighting  and  teaming,  a  calling  which  he 
followed  for  a  number  of  years,  until  the  advent  of  the 
first  railroad  made  the  business  unprofitable.  His  teams 
were  a  familiar  sight  to  travelers  on  the  old  Overland 
Stage  Route,  both  east  and  west  as  far  as  Deep  Creek. 
During  the  years  intervening  between  1868  and  1871  he 
was  engaged  in  freighting  between  this  city  and  Helena, 
Montana. 

About  this  time  the  Sweetwater  excitement  in  Wyom- 
ing attracted  Mr.  Cunningham's  attention,  and  here  he 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIR1 


was  first  initiated  into  that  most  alluring  of  pursuits, 
mining.  The  mines,  however,  did  not  prove  the  bonanza 
expected,  and  In  1872.  after  quitting  the  freight  business, 
he  became  Interested  in  the  stock  business,  grazing  his 
herds  over  the  ranges  in  this  section  of  the  country.  For 
three  years  he  devoted  his  entire  time  to  his  cattle  in- 
terests, meeting  with  considerable  success  and  finally 
disposing  of  them,  when,  in  1875.  the  mines  of  the  famous 
Tlntic  district  first  commanded  the  attention  of  the  world. 
Mr.  Cunningham  became  interested  In  mining  immediately 
after  the  discovery  of  the  camp,  and  secured  an  interest 
In  the  Mammoth,  an  interest  which  he  still  holds  in  this 
greatest  bonanza  of  the  district.  The  Mammoth  has  pro- 
duced millions  for  its  owners,  and  has  been  upon  the  list 
of  dividend  payers  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century.  The 
production  at  present  Is  somewhat  curtailed,  owing  to  liti- 
gation in  which  the  property  has  become  involved  with  a 
mine  adjoining  it. 

Mr.  Cunningham  soon  acquired  other  valuable  hold- 
ings in  the  Tintic  district  and  various  other  camps  of  the 
state,  among  the  most  prominent  being,  possibly,  the 
celebrated  Bullion-Beck  mine,  located  at  Eureka.  Utah. 
This  magnificent  property  has  been  operated  for  almost 


a  generation  and  the  ore  bodies  appear  to  be  practically 
inexhaustible.  It  has  become  one  of  the  famous  mines 
of  the  West  under  the  direction  of  Its  present  manage- 
ment. For  over  twenty  years  Mr.  Cunningham  devoted  his 
entire  time  to  his  mining  interests.  He  is  familiar  with 
all  the  little  details  so  essential  to  the  successful  opera- 
tion of  a  mine,  having  served  his  apprenticeship  from  the 
"grass  roots"  to  the  1,000-foot  level,  as  it  were.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  mining  interests  he  has  been  a  stockholder  in 
two  of  the  most  substantial  banking  houses  In  the  city, 
the  Deseret  National  and  the  Bank  of  Commerce.  Upon 
being  elected  president  of  the  latter  institution,  three 
years  ago.  he  disposed  of  his  stock  in  the  Deseret  National 
and  has  since  devoted  his  entire  time  to  the  duties  im- 
posed upon  him  as  president  of  the  Bank  of  Commerce, 
which  is  rightly  accorded  a  place  among  the  most  con- 
servative and  stable  banks  of  the  State. 

J.  A.  Cunningham  Is  a  Utahn  in  the  strictest  sense. 
He  devotes  his  capital  and  energies  to  the  promotion  of 
the  best  interests  of  the  state  which  has  given  him 
wealth  and  influence,  and  Salt  Lake  City  has  few  citizens 
whose  public  spirit  has  done  more  for  the  general  weal 
than  his. 


|OHN   C.  CUTLER. 


"I 


the  Inland  Empire,"  Is  designed  as  both  a 
chronicle  and  a  herald,  a  chronicle  of  the  past 
and  a  herald  of  the  future,  especially  of  the  lives 
of  men  closely  associated  with  the  growth  of  the  State.    In 


JOHN  C.  Cl'TLM. 

IU  pace*  are  recorded  many  hitherto  unpublished  IncldonU 
of  the  live*  of  the  men  wjio  have  attained  prominence  In  the 


great  commonwealth  which  they  have  helped  to  make,  and 
among  the  number  few  have  contributed  in  a  more  generous 
measure  than  the  subject  of  this  biography. 

Away  back  in  1864  there  journeyed  across  the  plains 
from  the  Missouri  River  a  family  consisting  of  the  father, 
mother  and  six  children.  The  trip  was  slow  and  tedious 
in  those  days,  and  this  little  band  of  pioneers  drove  oxen 
attached  to  their  wagons.  Arriving  in  this  valley  the  par- 
ents settled  in  North  Mill  Creek  Canon,  where,  assisted 
by  the  boys,  one  of  whom  was  John  C.  Cutler,  they  com- 
menced the  establishment  of  a  home.  The  first  winter 
was  a  severe  one,  but  by  making  trips  up  into  the  canons 
the  boys  cut  cedar  posts  for  enclosing  the  farm,  and  when 
spring  came  they  had  the  place  fenced  In.  John  C.,  being 
an  ambitious  youth,  secured  a  position  as  clerk  In  a  store 
in  this  city,  where,  after  serving  faithfully  for  a  number  of 
years,  he  obtained  an  Interest  In  the  business. 

It  was  In  the  year  1877,  however,  that  he  launched 
i. nili  into  business  upon  his  own  account.  In  that  year  A. 
O.  Sim  mi.  of  the  Provo  Woolen  Mills,  made  a  proposition 
to  Mr.  Cutler  to  accept  tin-  agency  of  tin-  mills  In  this 
city.  They  accordingly  wont  to  see  President  Brlgham 
Young,  who  owned  a  controlling  Interest  In  the  factory. 
with  the  result  that  Mr.  Cutler  was  appointed  agent  of  the 
mills.  He  at  <  m  ••  ..p.-n.-il  a  store  In  the  old  Constitu- 
tion Hlock  and  began  an  energetic  campaign  for  home 
Indimtry  In  the  shape  of  the  products  of  these  mills.  Suf- 
ii.  i-  it  to  say  he  met  with  gratifying  success  and  still  repre- 
sents the  company. 

Mr.  Cutler  Is  at  present  a  director  In  the  Provo  Woolen 
Mills  as  well  as  their  agent,  and  IB  also  a  director  In  the 
Hmiii'  Fire  Insurance  Company.  He  hecame  Interested 
In  the  ifcwret  National  Bank  In  1889.  and  has  been  a 
director  of  thin  conservative  banking  house  for  many 
years.  He  holds  a  similar  position  upon  the  directorate  of 
tlie  Deseret  Savings  Bank,  and  Is  a  director  of  the  Utah 
Sugar  Company.  He  has  always  evidenced  a  praiseworthy 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


33 


interest  in  educational  matters  and  is  connected  with  the 
Latter-Day  Saints  University  as  Trustee  and  Treasurer.  He 
is  also  on  the  Building  Committee  and  is  Treasurer  for  the 
three  new  buildings  erected  opposite  the  Temple. 

In  addition  to  these  institutions  with  which  his  name 
is  associated,  he  has  an  interest  in  many  others  which 
owe  their  prosperity  and  success  to  his  exceptional  execu- 
tive ability.  He  has  been  one  of  the  largest  employers  of 
labor  in  the  State,  and  the  numerous  enterprises  with  which 
he  is  identified  have  done  much  toward  the  advancement 
of  Utah's  interests. 


While  his  personal  affairs  have  necessarily  occupied 
much  of  his  time,  he  has  not  been  blind  to  the  duties  im- 
posed by  good  citizenship,  and  in  1884  he  was  elected  to 
the  office  of  county  clerk.  That  he  served  to  the  satis- 
faction of  his  constituents  is  best  attested  by  the  fact 
that  he  succeeded  himself  twice,  and  held  the  office  con- 
tinuously until  1900.  The  esteem  he  found  in  public  life 
has  a  counterpart  in  the  confidence  with  which  he  is  re- 
garded by  all  who  have  the  pleasure  of  business  relations 
with  him.  Just  now  Mr.  Cutler  is  devoting  much  time  to 
the  work  of  the  Commercial  Club  of  this  city  of  which  he  is 
Vice-President. 


JESSE   M.  SMITH. 


THE  wealth  of  natural  resources  possessed  by  Utah  is 
as  varied  as  it  is  extensive,  and  there  is  not  a  State 
in  our  Union  which  can  boast  a  greater  progress  for 
the  past  few  years  than  our  own.  Utahns  have  ample  cause 
for  pride  in  their  achievement,  and  it  is  the  mission  of 
"Utah,  the  Inland  Empire,"  to  exploit  in  a  degree  the  ad- 
vances marked  by  recent  years,  and  to  pay  fitting  tribute 
to  the  agencies  contributing  thereto,  among  which  few 
have  been  more  prominent  than  the  members  of  the  Utah 
Wool  Growers'  Association,  represented  in  this  city  by  Mr. 
Jesse  M.  Smith. 

Jesse  M.  Smith  has  been  actively   identified  with  the 
sheep  and  wool  interests  of  the  State  for  the  past  fifteen 


JESSE    M.  SMITH. 

years.  He  is  a  native  son,  having  been  born  and  raised  in 
Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  has  spent  the  greater  portion  of 
his  forty-four  years  of  life.  At  an  early  age  he  engaged 
in  business  upon  his  own  account  and  for  a  number  of 
years  was  freighting  between  this  city  and  the  principal 
mining  camps  of  the  state.  He  was  subsequently  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  building  and  completion  of  some 
of  the  most  important  irrigation  projects  in  this  portion  of 
the  state.  Mr.  Smith  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the 
reservoir  in  East  Canyon,  from  which  source  of  supply  thou- 
sands of  acres  of  valuable  farming  land  in  the  vicinity  of 


Layton  were  made  fertile  and  productive.  Mr.  Smith  had 
been  interested  in  the  building  of  county  bridges,  canals 
and  roads  in  Salt  Lake  County  for  many  years,  and  in 
1878,  at  the  time  of  the  building  of  the  railroad  frpm 
Springville  to  Scofield,  he  was  one  of  the  sub-contractors 
and  built  a  large  part  of  the  grade  of  the  road. 

It  was  in  the  spring  of  1888  that  Mr.  Smith  first  became 
interested  in  the  sheep  business  in  Utah,  commencing  with 
a  band  of  2,300  which  he  leased  and  ranged  on  the  desert 
west  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake.  He  met  with  gratifying  suc- 
cess and  was  not  long  in  establishing  himself  in  busi- 
ness independent  of  others,  with  the  result  that  his  name 
became  associated  with  the  sheep  business  of  this  and 
adjoining  States.  In  189G  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
Utah  Wool  Growers'  Association  and  still  retains  that 
office.  He  has  had  an  experience  covering  many  years  in 
the  sheep  business  and  during  that  time  has  had  excep- 
tional opportunities  afforded  him  to  become  acquainted 
with  the  most  successful  sheep  men  of  the  country.  As 
a  representative  of  the  association  he  has  made  several 
trips  to  the  national  capital  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  the 
interests  of  the  sheep  industry,  and  has  met  with  uni- 
versal and  gratifying  success  on  his  missions.  In  1898  he 
was  actively  identified  with  the  movement  to  organize  a 
National  Live  Stock  Association,  the  first  meeting  of 
which  was  held  in  Denver,  Colorado.  He  is  now  Utah's 
executive  member  in  that  organization.  In  February  last 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  Wool 
Growers'  Association,  an  organization  representing  the 
wool  growers  of  the  States  of  Oregon,  Montana,  Idaho, 
Nevada,  Wyoming  and  Utah.  Last  March  he  was  made 
the  representative  of  the  Associated  Wool  Growers'  Com- 
pany, a  business  corporation  doing  a  commission  business 
in  the  interests  of  the  wool  growers  of  the  whole  country, 
and  composed  of  sheepmen  alone,  no  other  person  being 
a  stockholder.  The  company  sells  the  wool  directly  to 
manufacturers  and  thereby  saves  the  grower  the  middle- 
man's profit,  which  amounts  annually  to  a  large  figure. 

Mr.  Smith  has  conserved  the  interests  that  he  repre- 
sents in  a  most  commendable  manner  and  his  influence  in 
opposition  to  every  obstacle  under  which  the  sheep  men 
of  this  section  have  had  to  labor  has  won  the  applause  oT 
his  fellow  sheep  men.  He  is  a  man  of  progressive  ideas 
and  energetic  character,  and  all  of  his  business  dealings 
are  marked  by  the  strictest  integrity. 


34 


UTAH— THE   INLAND   EMPIRE 


JOHN  J.  DALY. 


HE  STRUCK  It  rich.    What  other  calling  than  mining 
evokes  such  an  expression  in  reference  to  its  suc- 
cessful members?    If  a  man  accumulates  fortune  In 
mercantile  pursuits,  he  is  accounted  astute;  if  he  attains 
eminence  In  his  profession,  he  is  classed  as  brilliant;  if  In- 
vention yield  him  fame,  he  is  a  genius;  It  is  only  the  mining 
man  who  is  the  "lucky  man."  Yet  the  careers  of  some  of  the 
mining  men  of  Utah  would  Indicate  that  ability  has  quite 


Ing  success.  He  has  not  merely  achieved  great  wealth; 
he  has  won  fame  as  well,  and  he  will  live  in  our  history 
as  the  Ideal  miner.  Indeed,  he  Is  the  pioneer  of  the  typical 
miner  of  the  future,  for,  although  he  did  not  have  the 
technical  education  of  the  mining  school  to  commence 
with,  he  was  compelled  to  acquire  in  the  course  of  his 
practical  development  almost  all  the  scientific  knowledge 
which  mining  schools  now  teach,  and  which  is  indispen- 


JOHN  J.   DALY. 


as  murh  to  do  with  successful  mining  an  lurk,  and  of  those 
who  have  won  wealth  In  mining,  few  Illustrate  this 
truth  bettor  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  John 
J.  Daly  Is  not  a  more  lucky  adventurer  who  quit 
some  other  occupation  and  "struck  It  rich"  by  a  happy 
mining  accident.  Ho  was  and  Is  only  a  miner,  first,  last  and 
all  the  time.  When  General  Ijiwton  was  Introduced  to  a 
•(touting  crowd  he  said,  with  a  touch  of  pathos,  "I  am 
not  a  hero— I  am  only  a  regular."  John  J.  Daly  Is  only 
a  miner.  He  Is  a  professional  inim-r.  one  bred  to  the 
vocation,  one  who  entered  upon  his  llfn  work  In  bis  youth 
and  who.  after  devoting  over  tnlrty  years  of  Intelligent 
study  and  effort  to  the  work,  has  bad  ample  and  gratify- 


slble  to  the  rapid  growth  of  the  mining  Industry.  The 
first  generation  of  miners  which  overran  the  mining 
regions  had  for  Its  historic  figures  the  heroes  of  the  lucky 
finds.  This  could  not  have  been  avoided  by  whoever  were 
the  first  comers.  The  new  generation  will  be  distinguished 
by  IU  scientific  miners,  whose  keen  knowledge  of  the 
geological  formation*,  combined  with  practical  business 
mil  men.  will  enable  them  to  do  what  John  J.  Daly  did. 
*nd  find  fortunes  In  rocks  that  had  been  prospected  In 
vain  by  the  unscientific  for  many  years. 

It  was  In  the  parly  fifties  that  John  J.  Daly  was  born 
In  Morris.  Orundy  County.  State  of  Illinois.  Here  he 
nii.'in|pd  the  common  schools  and  received  a  limited  odu- 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


35 


cation.  Losing  his  parents  at  the  age  of  twelve,  he  deter- 
mined to  act  upon  the  advice  of  Horace  Greeley  and  go 
West.  Accordingly,  in  1867,  young  Daly  bade  farewell 
to  his  parental  abode,  and  headed  his  bark  of  fortune 
toward  the  West.  He  shipped  as  cabin  boy  on  a  Missouri 
River  steamer,  bound  for  Montana,  but  stopped  on  the 
way  at  an  Indian  trading  post  near  where  General  Custer 
and  his  party,  years  after,  were  massacred.  He  became 
acquainted  with  prospectors,  traders  and  the  hardy  pio- 
neers of  those  days.  It  was  about  their  camp  fires,  and 
while  accompanying  them  upon  their  daily  excursions 
through  the  gulches  and  canyons  and  over  the  mountains, 
that  the  lad  became  acquainted  with  the  various  varieties 
of  ore  and  the  character  of  formation  in  which  mineral 
was  sought.  Being  eager  for  information  and  quick  to 
learn,  thte  experiences  of  the  season  taught  him  the  funda- 


In  1876,  having  acquired  a  comfortable  sum  from  the 
sale  of  his  Nevada  interests,  Daly  determined  to  visit  the 
scenes  of  his  boyhood  days,  his  old  home,  and,  incidentally, 
make  a  trip  to  the  Centennial  Exposition  then  being  held 
in  Philadelphia;  but  fate  had  decreed  otherwise  for  the 
ambitious  young  miner,  for  upon  reaching  Salt  Lake  City, 
he  became  acquainted  with  Marcus  Daly,  the  late  Montana 
copper  king,  who  at  that  time  was  in  the  employ  of  the 
Walker  Brothers,  who  were  much  interested  in  the  mines 
of  Utah.  A  friendship  at  once  developed  between  the  two. 
which  lasted  until  the  death  of  Marcus  Daly,  a  quarter 
of  a  century  later.  Upon  the  advice  of  his  friend  young 
Daly  was  persuaded  to  visit  the  camp  at  Park  City,  which 
at  that  time  was  a  struggling  little  mining  settlement, 
without  much  development.  He  became  impressed  witH 
the  situation,  however,  and  together  with  some  other  min- 


RKMDENCE   OF  JOHN   J.   DAI.V. 


mental  principles  of  prospecting  and  of  mining,  on  which 
he  was  destined  to  erect  a  fortune. 

The  years  1869-70  marked  one  of  the  greatest  mining 
excitements  of  the  period — the  White  Pine  rush  into 
Nevada.  Young  Daly  became  infused  with  the  fever  and 
came  as  far  as  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he  remained  a  few 
months  before  journeying  on  into  the  White  Pine  district. 
Arriving  in  Nevada,  he  became  at  once  actively  interested 
in  quartz  mining,  where  he  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
practical  experience  to  which  he  owes  so  much  of  his 
subsequent  success.  It  is  not  the  purpose  to  follow  his 
career  through  the  dozen  or  more  camps  that  claimed  his 
attention  within  the  ensuing  six  years;  but  we  may  say 
briefly  that  his  experience  was  that  of  hundreds  of  other 
Western  mining  men  who  have,  in  the  course  of  their 
experience,  made  and  lost  a  score  of  staall  fortunes,  and 
braved  the  dangers  of  the  Indians  and  frontier  troubles 
of  that  time.  In  1874  he  joined  a  company  of  volunteers 
called  for  by  the  Governor  to  put  down  the  Indian  upris- 
ing in  the  White  River  country.  After  peace  was  restored, 
he  returned  to  the  mines. 


ing  men,  undertook  the  development  of  the  old  Jones 
Bonanza,  which  had  been  discovered  a  few  days  after  his 
arrival  in  camp,  and  is  now  a  part  of  the  famous  Daly-Judge 
Mine.  There  was  a  splendid  showing,  and  Daly,  in  com- 
pany with  others,  secured  a  bond  and  lease  and  commenced 
the  development  of  the  property.  After  investing  his  small 
fortune,  he  finally  "went  broke,"  as  did  his  partners,  and 
work  on  the  property  was  temporarily  abandoned,  thte 
mine  falling  into  the  hands  of  other  parties.  It  may  be 
said  that  the  American  mining  man  of  moderate  resources 
is  a  born  plunger,  and  it  is  through  his  fearless  invest- 
ment that  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  continent  has  been 
exploited  and  opened  up — and,  incidentally,  that  many 
individual  instances  are  recorded  where  prominent  min- 
ing men  have  found  themselves  once  more  at  the  foot  of 
the  ladder.  But  hope  and  perseverance  are  virtues  with 
which  the  miner  has  been  liberally  endowed,  and  tern 
porary  reverses  are  but  milestones  in  his  checkered 
career.  So  with  Mr.  Daly.  He  had  made  and  lost  con- 
siderable sums  without  attaining  the  measure  of  wealth 
to  create  in  him  the  spirit  of  conservatism  that  dominates 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


other  fields  of  enterprise;  but  his  time  had  been  most 
profitably  improved  under  the  tutelage  of  that  greatest 
of  masters,  experience,  and  he  was/  amply  equipped  for 
the  exercise  of  sound  knowledge  in  all  subsequent  demands 
upon  his  Judgment. 

Upon  being  forced  to  suspend  work  upon  the  old 
Jones  Bonanza,  Mr.  Daly  secured  employment  in  the 
famous  Ontario  Mine,  being  fully  convinced  of  the  perma- 
nency of  the  ore  bodies,  and  determined  to  locate  the 
lost  vein  of  the  old  Jones  Bonanza  at  the  first  opportunity. 
As  time  went  on  and  Mr.  Daly  became  more  familiar  with 
the  geological  formation  of  the  camp,  he  became  firmly 
convinced  that  the  famous  Ontario  vein  and  the  lost  vein 
of  the  old  Jones  Bonanza  were  one,  and  that  time  would 
prove  It.  With  that  object  in  view,  whenever  his  funds 
would  permit,  be  spent  every  available  moment  in  pros- 
pecting on  the  line  between  these  two  properties.  Acting 
upon  this  theory.  In  1882  he  organized  the  well  known 
Daly  Mine  which  afterwards  produced  over  f  10,000,000. 
and  was  President  and  Manager  of  the  mine  for  many 
years.  Upon  meeting  with  such  signal  success  in  proving 
the  correctness  of  Mis  theory  In  regard  to  the  general 
direction  of  the  Ontario  vein.  Mr.  Daly,  In  company  with 
Tevis.  Hearst.  Haggln  and  other  great  mining  men  of  the 
day,  bought  what  Is  now  the  famous  Daly-West  property, 
which  has  since  produced  many  millions;  and.  In  1891, 
falling  In  his  effort  to  induce  his  associates  to  join  him 
In  the  mine.  Mr.  Daly  Incorporated  his  half  Interest  and 
commenced  the  development  of  the  splendid  property,  a 
task  and  expense  that  would  have  caused  a  less  stout 
heart  to  fail.  Imbued,  however,  with  the  conviction  that 
success  awaited  the  development  of  the  mine.  Mr.  Daly, 
alone  and  unaided,  continued  work  upon  the  property, 
sinking  a  three-compartment  shaft  1.200  feet,  and  drifted 
2.000  feet  from  this  station  before  encountering  the  ore 
body.  The  success  of  the  effort  Is  now  history.  For  the 
past  twenty-five  years  Mr.  Daly  has  been  engaged  In  locat- 
ing and  buying  properties  lying  between  the  old  Jones 
Bonanza  and  the  Ontario  Mine.  Although  these  mines 
were  nearly  three  miles  apart,  he  has  at  last  succeeded 
In  connecting  them,  by  the  consolidation  and  acquisition 
of  the  last  piece  of  property  purchased  last  spring,  the 
Anchor  Mining  Company,  which  was  consolidated  with 
the  Daly-Judge  Comjiany  formed  last  fall  by  Mr.  Daly. 

The  acquisition  of  the  Anchor  property  wa  >  one  of 
thfe  largest  transactions  ever  recorded  In  the  mining 
history  of  Utah.  It  Involved  the  expenditure  of  over  three- 
quarter*  of  a  million  dollars  for  the  company's  holdings, 
and  by  this  absorption  the  Daly-Judge  Company  became 
the  owner  of  over  1.200  acres  of  patented  ground  In  the 
n.  h.-Ht  mineral  zone  of  the  Park  City  District  This 
locality  has  been  proved  to  be  the  richest  mineral  terri- 
tory of  equal  acreage  recorded  In  the  discoveries  of  the 
world,  and  It  eclipses  In  fabulous  production  the  wildest 
dreams  of  fiction.  The  tract  of  patented  land  Included 
In  the  holdings  of  the  Daly-West  approximates  16,000 
feet  In  length  by  4.000  feet  In  width,  and  cover*  the  strike 
on  the  veins  of  rich  mineral  producing  territory  for  a 
distance  of  nearly  three  miles.  These  holding*  now  In- 
•  I'M!*-  the  ground  that  has  been  held  by  the  Utah  Mining 
Company,  the  White  Pine  (.old  and  Silver  Mining  Com- 
pany, the  old  Jones  Bonanza  Mining  Company  and  the 


Jones  No.  2  Mining  Company,  the  Anchor  Mining  Com- 
pany, and  several  claims  belonging  to  the  Daly-Judge 
Mining  Company.  A  mining  writer,  in  commenting  upon 
the  consummation  of  the  deal,  says:  "This  consolidation 
Is  the  climax  of  the  mining  life  of  John  J.  Daly,  Presi- 
dent of  the  purchasing  company,  who  has  been  Identified 
with  the  growth  of  that  camp  since  its  infancy,  and  the 
closing  of  the  deal  is  the  fruition  of  years  of  labor,  during 
which  time  Mr.  Daly  has  had  in  view  the  formation  of 
this  property,  the  possibilities  of  which  are  not  sur- 
passed by  the  holdings  of  any  mining  company  in  the 
State."  Thus,  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  later,  Mr.  Daly 
proved  in  the  development  of  this  property  that  had  he 
and  Ins  partners  had  the  financial  backing  to  continue 
working  the  old  Jones  bonanza  the  vein  would  have  been 
discovered,  and  the  wealth  he  possesses  today  would  have 
been  awarded  him  earlier  in  life. 

In  addition  to  the  organization  of  the  Daly  Mining  Com- 
pany In  1882.  and  of  the  Daly-West  in  1891.  Mr.  Daly  has 
been  prominently  connected  with  some  of  the  most  stable 
financial  institutions  of  the  State,  he  having  organized 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Park  City,  and  acted  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  same  for  a  number  of  years.  He  1st  a  director 
of  the  Commercial  National  Bank  of  this  city,  as  well  as 
Vice-President  and  Director  of  the  Utah  Savings  and  Trust 
Company,  an  institution  affording  all  the  advantages 
of  the  corporate  trustee,  the  savings  association  and  the 
commercial  bank.  Besides  those  with  which  his  name  is 
connected,  he  has  furnished  the  capital  for  many  enter- 
prises that,  but  for  his  liberal  aid,  would  never  have  been 
Inaugurated  or,  at  best,  would  have  proved  failures.  This 
brings  Into  prominence  the  generous  side  of  Mr.  Daly's 
nature,  and  It  commands  the  admiration  of  the  character 
student  no  less  than  that  element  which  has  made  him 
eminent  as  a  financier.  He  is  not  the  type  of  man  to  court 
or  brook  ostentation.  What  he  does  for  his1  fellow  man 
Is  the  expression  of  generous  and  noble  impulse,  and  is 
done  as  inconspicuously  as  possible. 

"He  struck  it  rich" — Yes.  but  the  element  of  luck 
may  not  obscure  the  stronger  element,  judgment,  which 
told  the  man  to  maintain  his  faith  In  the  treasure  houses 
of  the  Park  City  mountains  rather  than  to  move  on  to 
new  fields  when  his  first  efforts  on  the  old  Jones  Bonanza 
failed,  and  this  before  the  camp  had  emerged  from  its 
Incipient  stage.  Friends  will  not  dispel  the  illusion  of  those 
who  would  cling  to  the  romantic  version  of  Mr.  Daly's 
success,  by  enumerating  the  various  investments  he  has 
made  in  the  district,  all  of  which  seem  to  have  wooed  and 
won  the  smile  of  the  fickle  dame;  but  they  have  their  own 
opinion  of  the  matter,  and  luck  Is  the  least  of  their  opinions 
on  the  matter. 

Mr.  Daly  Is  not  a  plunger.  He  Is  the  possessor  of  vast 
Interests  admitting  and  demanding  the  utmost  conserva 
Mum.  and  he  has  risen  to  the  occasion.  He  Is  reinforced 
by  his  wide  experience  In  mining,  and  the  history  of  his 
mining  assets  Is  a  history  of  growth  under  the  Influence 
of  sagacious  and  successful  management.  Personally. 
Mr  Daly  Is  courteous  and  unassuming  In  manner,  and 
Impresses  one  as  a  man  of  modest  and  Intrinsic  worth. 
His  deeds  reflect  the  big-hearted  generosity  which  Is  the 
hiTltagc  of  the  West,  and  much  Is  owed  to  bis  liberality 
and  enterprise  that  never  reaches  the  public  ear. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


37 


BENJAMIN  T.  LLOYD. 


BENJAMIN  T.  LLOYD  is  a  native  son  of  this  "Inland 
Empire,"  having  been  born  in  Smithfleld,  Cache  Coun- 
ty, Utah,  in  '66.  He  entered  Brigham  Young  Academy 
at  Provo  at  an  early  age  and  later  took  a  course  at  the 
University  of  Deseret.  While  attending  the  University, 
young  Lloyd  was  also  engaged  as  a  clerk  and  student  in 
the  law  offices  of  Richards  &  Moyle,  where  he  acquired  a 
fund  of  practical  knowledge  that  served  him  in  good  stead 
at  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York,  from  which  dis- 
tinguished institution  of  learning  he  graduated  with  hon- 
ors with  the  law  class  of  '92.  Returning  to  Salt  Lake 
City  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  the  practice  of 


BENJAMIN  T.  LLOYD. 

his  profession  the  same  year  and  embarked  upon  a  career 
that  was  destined  to  add  his  name  to  the  roll  of  honor 
of  his  alma  mater. 

In  1893  and  '94  he  served  his  party  as  Secretary  of 
the  Democratic  Committee  of  Salt  Lake  County,  and  in 
the  early  part  of  1896  acted  as  Chairman  of  the  Democratic 
County  Committee.  A  feature  of  his  official  position 
which  has  often  been  commented  upon  most  favorably 
was  the  success  with  which  he  conducted  the  three  cam- 
paigns of  those  dates.  Every  member  on  the  ticket  was 
elected  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  party,  a 
desideratum  which  had  never  before  been  attained  and 
one  that  has  never  been  repeated.  For  two  years,  from 
'96  to  '98  he  acted  as  City  Councilman,  and  during  the  leg- 
islative sessions  of  '98  and  '99  he  was  an  active  member 
of  that  body.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Mr.  Lloyd  always 
displayed  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  party, 
and  was  loyal  to  its  tenets. 

When  in  1893  the  golden  tales  of  Mercur  were  being 
heralded  to  the  world,  it  was  but  natural  that  Mr.  Lloyd, 
being  among  the  first  to  h/ear  of  the  most  recent  discov- 
eries, should  become  interested  in  the  district.  His  ini- 
tial purchase  was  the  Gold  Coin.  He  formed  a  company, 
of  which  he  has  been  president  since  its  organization,  as 
well  as  the  largest  owner,  and  commenced  the  active  de- 
velopment of  the  property.  He  has  held  many  interests 
in  the  Mercur  district,  among  which  was  the  Sir  Victor, 
the  scene  of  the  explosion  three  years  ago,  an  accident 
which  destroyed  the  540  foot  shaft,  wrecked  the  machin- 
ery and  ruined  the  buildings  and  surface  improvements. 


At  the  time  of  the  explosion  Mr.  Lloyd  had  an  option  on 
the  property,  which  was  showing  up  well  under  the  de- 
velopment work  which  was  being  followed.  Nothing 
daunted,  however,  by  the  immense  financial  loss  entailed, 
Mr.  Lloyd  immediately  looked  about  him  for  other  oppor- 
tunities. 

Among  the  successful  companies  now  operating  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Lloyd  and  his  associates,  the  Copper 
Ranch  Mining  Company,  organized  and  incorporated  two 
years  ago,  is  prominent.  The  property  is!  located  five 
miles  northwest  of  Milford,  and  but  one  mile  north  of 
the  branch  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad,  running 
from  Milford  through  the  great  copper  belt  to  Frisco. 
The  holdings  embrace  seventeen  claims  in  the  richest 
mineralized  territory  of  that  district,  so  situated  as  to 
cover  two  miles  along  the  course  of  the  vein.  The  prop- 
erty lies  between  the  Majestic  Company's  "Old  Hickory" 
on  the  East  and  the  "O.  K."  mine  on  the  West.  Its  de- 
velopment consists  of  4,100  feet  of  shafts,  drifts  and  tun- 
nels. The  veins  have  great  promise,  being  large,  strong 
and  well  defined,  and  having  all  the  other  characteriza- 
tions which  indicate  good  values  with  sufficient  develop- 
ment. At  the  Jewel  Mound  end  of  the  group  of  claims 
the  vein  attains  the  enormous  width  of  105  feet.  It  is  lo- 
cated between  a  granite  foot  wall  and  porphyry  hanging 
wall.  When  Mr.  Lloyd  acquired  the  Copper  Ranch  prop- 
erty two  years  ago,  in  connection  with  the  late  R.  C. 
Chambers  and  Moses  Thatcher,  Jacob  West,  Lafayette 
Holbrook  and  Eastern  associates,  he  was  elected  secre- 
tary and  manager,  a  position  which  he  has  since  maintained. 

The  Copper  Mountain  Mining  &  Milling  Company  is 
another  fine  property,  which  Mr.  Lloyd  secured  control  of 
last  December.  Associated  with  him  in  the  reorganization, 
which  he  effected,  are  such  well-known  mining  men  and 
financiers  as  Moses  Thatcher,  Vice-President  of  the  Des- 
eret National  Bank,  of  this  city;  Charles  Rood,  Superin- 
tendent of  the  famous  Ontario  mine,  of  Park  City;  Hon. 
J.  T.  Hammond,  Secretary  of  State;  Judge  W.  H.  Dickson, 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Salt  Lake  bar;  Lafayette  Hol- 
brook, a  capitalist  and  mining  man  of  Provo,  Utah; 
and  Jacob  West,  a  banker  of  Logan,  Utah.  These  gentlemen 
constitute  the  officers  and  board  of  directors  as  well,  and 
their  names  associated  with  an  enterprise  guarantee  finan- 
cial responsibility,  integrity  and  sagacity  of  administration. 
The  policy  of  the  company  has  been  progressive,  and 
the  property  has  been  actively  developed  since  the  present 
management  has  been  in  charge.  The  property  consists 
of  seven  claims  through  which  the  vein  runs  for  a  distance 
of  4,500  feet.  Work  has  been  conducted  through  a  450- 
foot  shaft,  from  the  lower  level  of  which  they  are  drift- 
ing west  along  the  vein.  At  this  point  the  vein  is  from 
6  to  14  feet  in  width,  and  carries  from  18  to  28  per  cent 
in  copper  values.  The  vein  lies  between  a  granite  foot 
wall  and  a  lime  hanging  wall,  and  ore  has  been  traced 
from  the  surface  to  the  present  depth.  It  is  principally 
red  oxide  of  copper  with  sulphide  appearing  in  the  lower 
workings.  Under  the  efficient  direction  of  Mr.  Lloyd,  de- 
velopment is  being  pushed  to  the  best  possible  advantage. 
Mr.  Lloyd  is  democratic  in  the  truest  sense  of  the 
term,  and  his  successes  are  accepted  with  as  little  osten- 
tation as  would  be  the  measure  of  despair  should  disaster 
again  overtake  him.  It  may  be  added  that  he  is  Democratic 
in  politics  as  well  as  in  fact.  He  is  a  man  of  the  West — 
warm  hearted,  generous  and  public  spirited  in  all  that 
the  terms  imply. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


C.  O.  WHITTEMORE. 


SALT  LAKE  CITY  Is  becoming  one  of  the  world's  great 
mining  centers,  and  in  viewing  the  Influence  of  the 
mining  Industry  of  Utah's  various  camps  on  the 
growth  and  prosperity  of  Salt  Lake  City,  the  casual  observ- 
er Is  likely  to  overlook  many  other  attractive  sources  of  the 
city's  supremacy.  Long  ago  the  fame  of  the  mining  Interest 
of  this  favored  region  superseded  that  of  our  climatic  and 
scenic  attractions,  and  it  Is  not  surprising  that  it  has 
also  distanced  the  report  of  the  progressive  and  enterpris- 
ing spirit  which  dominates  the  business  and  professional 
element  of  our  city.  To  this  characteristic,  not  less  than 


£ 


C.  O.  WHITTEMORE. 

to  the  wealth  and  natural  resources  with  which  nature  has 
endowed  this  section  of  the  State.  Salt  Lake  City  owes 
her  development;  and  It  Is  the  purpose  of  the  publishers 
to  present  In  this  magazine  the  most  striking  examples  of 
Individual  energy  our  rich  Held  affords. 

C.  O.  Whlttemore  Is  a  native  son  of  this  great  com- 
monwealth, having  been  born  June  29th.  1862.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  St.  Mark's  school.  In  this  city,  grad- 
uating with  the  class  of  '82.  Upon  completing  the  course 
at  St.  Mark's.  Mr.  Whlttemore,  having  decided  upon  a 
professional  career,  commenced  the  study  of  law  In  the 
offices  of  Philip  T.  Van  Zlle.  at  that  time  United  States 
Attorney  for  the  Territory  of  Utah.  He  was  admitted  to 


the  bar  In  1883  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession under  most  auspicious  circumstances.  He  was 
accorded  immediate  recognition,  and  was  Assistant  City 
Attorney,  when,  in  October,  1883,  he  tendered  his  resigna- 
tion for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  law  course  at  the  'Co- 
lumbia Law  School,  in  New  York  City.  Upon  completing 
the  course  in  that  celebrated  institution  of  learning,  Mr. 
Whittemore  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  this  city,  as- 
sociating himself  for  the  ensuing  two  years  with  the  law 
firm  of  Dickson  &  Varian,  Judge  Dickson  at  that  time 
being  United  States  Attorney. 

During  the  years  1887  and  1888  Mr.  Whittemore  was 
associated  with  Senator  Arthur  Brown.  He  built  up  a 
remunerative  practice  and  has  been  retained  in  some  of 
the  most  notable  cases  before  the  courts  of  this  state, 
among  the  most  important  of  which  we  mention,  Cope 
vs.  Cope,  in  which  case  the  right  of  polygamous  children 
to  inherit  from  their  father  was  determined.  Amy  vs. 
Amy,  in  which  the  validity  of  a  Probate  Court  divorce 
was  sustained,  both  cases  being  decided  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Whittemore  has  always  been  prominently  identi- 
fled  with  the  political  history  of  Utah  and  is  a  staunch 
defender  of  Republican  principles.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  County  Attorney,  and  filled  the  same  for 
the  next  two  years  with  credit  to  himself  and  the  satis- 
faction of  all  with  whom  he  had  business  dealings.  In 
1898  President  McKlnley  appointed  him  United  States  At 
torney  for  Utah,  and  In  1899,  when  the  Utah  State  Legis- 
lature came  to  a  deadlock,  owing  to  the  inability  of  the 
Democratic  majority  to  agree  upon  a  choice  for  United 
States  Senator,  Mr.  Whittemore  among  others  received  the 
entire  vote  of  the  Republican  minority. 

Mr.  Whittemore  Is  one  of  the  most  indefatigable  work- 
ers In  behalf  of  the  construction  of  a  short  line  from  Salt 
Lake  City  to  Los  Angeles,  and  since  its  organization  has 
been  appointed  general  attorney  for  the  San  Pedro,  Ixis 
Angeles  and  Salt  Lake  Railroad  Company.  He  Is  at  pres- 
ent associated  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  E. 
Blerer,  Jr.,  and  Pennel  Cherrington.  both  gentlemen  of 
exceptional  ability.  This  amalgamation  of  talent  has 
given  to  Salt  Lake  City  one  of  its  strongest  law  firms.  Mr. 
Whlttemore  possesses  those  attributes  of  character  which 
not  only  proclaim  him  a  man  In  whose  hands  private  af- 
fairs are  safe,  but,  as  well,  a  fit  custodian  of  the  interests 
of  a  community. 


DENNIS  C.  KICHNOR. 


SALT  LAKE  CITY  may  be  said  to  be  especially  fortu- 
nate In  the  character  and  attainment*  of  her  profes- 
sional men.  Mont  of  them  are  men  of  education  and 
experience,  and  to  accord  them  a  place  among  the  flrat  In 
the  West  Is  but  to  offer  them  what  Is  their  own.  Especially 
Is  this  true  of  the  legal  profession,  which  Is  represented  In 
this  city  by  some  of  the  brightest  lawyers  the  country  baa 
produced.  Among  those  who  have  won  distinction  within 
the  space  of  a  comparatively  few  years,  the  publishers  take 
pleasure  In  calling  attention  to  Dennis  C.  Elcbnor,  our 
present  District  Attorney. 

Mr.  Blchnor  Is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  having  been 
born   In   Somerset  County,  that   State.   In   the  year   1868. 


His  early  years  wore  spent  upon  a  farm,  the  winter 
months  being  put  In  at  a  district  school.  Mr.  Elcbnor. 
however,  was  possessed  of  an  ambition  that  the  prosaic 
life  on  a  farm  In  the  "Keystone"  State  failed  to  satisfy, 
snd  he  determined  to  secure  an  education.  In  order  to 
defray  the  expenses  of  a  court*  at  the  State  Normal 
School  at  Mlllcrvlllo.  Pennsylvania,  he  taught  school  and 
studied  law.  graduating  with  the  class  of  '87. 

Acting  upon  the  historic  advice  of  Horace  Oreeley, 
Mr  K.I i-li nor  came  West  In  1888.  Salt  l.ake  City  was  at 
that  time  the  Mecca  toward  which  he  directed  his  course. 
Arriving  here,  he  was/  not  long  In  associating  himself 
with  the  men  who  stood  at  the  head  of  his  chosen  pro- 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


39 


fession  In  this  city.  We  ac- 
cordingly find  him  complet- 
ing his  law  studies  under 
the  direction  of  Hon.  W.  H. 
Dickson.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  the  same  year, 
and  at  once  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 
In  1891  he  was  made  Assis- 
tant City  Attorney,  a  posi- 
tion which  he  held  until 
two  years  later.  While  act- 
ing in  the  capacity  of  As- 
sistant City  Attorney,  he 
also  occupied  the  same  po- 
sition in  the  County  Attor- 
ney's office,  serving  with 
Mr.  Walter  Murphy  until 


DENNIS  C.  EICHNOR. 


1894.  Upon  completing  his  term  of  office  with  Mr.  Murphy 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention, 
held  in  1895.  While  serving  in  the  capacity  of  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Municipal  Corporations,  Mr.  Eichnor 
introduced  the  bill  which  was  inserted  in  the  Constitution 
prohibiting  any  municipality  from  leasing  or  selling  its 
water  works. 

In  1900  Mr.  Eichnor  received  a  handsome  majority  in 
being  elected  District  Attorney  for  the  Third  Judicial 
District,  the  term  of  office  extending  over  a  period  of 
four  years.  The  efficiency  with  which  he  has  discharged 
the  duties  of  his  office  has  met  the  applause  of  all  good 
citizens,  regardless  of  party  tenets.  Since  1898  Mr. 
Eichnor  has  been  the  Chairman  of  the  Republican  County 
Committee,  and  in  1899  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  Re- 
publican City  Committee.  He  has  conducted  the  cam- 
paigns for  both  city  and  county  elections  in  a  most  mas- 
terful manner  since  holding  the  position  which  he  has 
upon  the  committees. 


GEORGE  W.  BARTCH. 


GEORGE  W.  BARTCH  is  a  native  of  the  "Keystone" 
State,  having  been  born  in  Dushore,  March 
15,  1849.  He  spent  the  early  years  of  his 
life  on  a  farm,  his  time  being  divided  between  the 
duties  of  most  boys  of  his  time  and  attendance  at 
the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  eight,  young  Bartch 
was  left  an  orphan,  and  the  success  which  he  achieved 
while  yet  a  young  man  in  his  native  state  and  the  honors 
which  have  since  been  conferred  upon  him  are  the  result 
and  reward  of  a  studious  and  ambitious  nature.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  commenced  to  teach,  thereby  acquir- 
ing funds  necessary  for  the  continuance  of  his  studies.  He 
attended  and  graduated  from  the  State  Normal  School,  at 
Bloomsburg,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  class  of  '71.  Not  content 
with  a  mere  diploma  from  a  Normal  School,  he  continued 
his  studies  at  that  institution  of  learning  for  a  number  of 
years,  finally  receiving  the  degree  of  M.  S.  from  his  alma 
mater. 

For  ten  years  after  receiving  his  diploma,  Mr.  Bartch 
was  engaged  in  educational  work  in  his  native  state. 
After  leaving  the  schools  Professor  Bartch  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  as  a  practitioner  in  1884,  at  Bloomsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  met  with  immediate  and  gratifying  success. 
In  1871  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Amanda  A. 
Guild,  an  accomplished  young  lady  of  exceptional  attain- 
ments. Illness  in  his  family  in  the  year  1886  made  it  im- 
perative that  he  should  seek  a  more  congenial  climate,  and 
in  that  year  he  became  a  resident  of  Canon  City,  Colorado. 
Upon  establishing  himself  in  that  city,  Judge  Bartch  met 
with  a  degree  of  success  that  was  directly  attributed  to  his 
knowledge  of  the  many  technical  points  of  law.  His  prac- 
tice was  an  extensive  one,  and  his  was  a  familiar  face  be- 
fore the  courts  of  that  and  adjoining  counties. 

In  1888  he  removed  to  Salt  Lake  City,  forming  a  part- 
nership with  Judge  Blackburn.  The  law  firm  was  receiving 
well  merited  practice,  when  the  late  President  Harrison 
appointed  Judge  Blackburn  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  Territory,  and  Judge  Bartch  Judge  of 
the  Probate  Court  of  Salt  Lake  County,  which  at  that  time 
was  a  most  important  office,  the  court  being  constantly  in 
session.  He  continued  in  that  office  until  appointed  Asso- 
ciate Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory  on  Jan- 
uary 4th,  1893.  No  better  or  more  conclusive  evidence  of 
the  popularity  of  Judge  Bartch  could  be  presented  than  the 


simple  announcement  that  he  has  held  office  continuously 
ever  since  his  first  appointment.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Supreme  Court  in  1895,  and  was  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice during  1889  and  1900.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  re- 
elected  to  succeed  himself,  for  a  six  year  term,  which  will 
not  expire  until  1906. 


HON.  GEORGE  W.  BARTCH. 

Judge  Bartch's  human  sympathies  and  thoughtful  mind 
have  given  him  the  power  of  clear  and  right  perception  of 
things.  In  his  judicial  capacity  his  influence  has  been  for 
peace  and  harmony,  based  upon  a  higher  regard  for  the 
rights  of  others.  He  takes  an  active  interest  in  promoting 
the  welfare  of  the  city,  and  in  public  and  private  life 
stands  for  the  moral  advancement  of  society  and  the  higher 
educational  development  of  the  community. 


4o 


ITAM— TNI.    INLAND    1.M1MR1 


ARTHUR  B.  LliWIS. 


IT  IS  a  mistaken  impression  that  mining  is  altogether  a 
matter  of  chance.    To  the  prospector,  who  scours  the 
hills  with  pick  and  shovel  the  element  of  chance  must  be 
conceded;  but  to  the  careful  investor  and  capitalist  mining 
may  be  conducted  upon  a  basis  as  conservative  as  pertains 
to  most  business  enterprises.    The  men  who  have  made 
fortunes  in  the  hidden  treasures  of  the  West  are  of  two 
classes;  and  while  those  who  have  risen  from  poverty  to 


braska.  In  the  early  '60's  Nebraska  was  a  new  country, 
and  the  boundless  prairies  offered  few  resources  beyond 
that  of  agriculture,  a  vocation  which  appealed  strongly 
to  young  Lewis.  He  received  an  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  day,  and  by  diligent  application  succeeded 
in  equipping  himself  for  a  course  in  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University.  He  returned  to  Nebraska,  where  he  became 
Interested  in  educational  and  journalistic  work,  and  found- 


AH  I  MIR     H 

opulence  In  the  space  of  a  few  years  are  glaring  examples 
of  tbe  possibilities  offered  In  mining  In  this  locality,  the 
great  number  who  have  entered  the  field  as  Investors  must 
stand  for  the  conservative  nature  of  this  most  alluring  of 
all  pursuits.  Almost  without  exception,  men  who  have 
applied  sound  business  principles  to  mining  In  Utah  have 
been  rewarded  far  beyond  the  possibilities  offered  In  any 
other  Held  of  Investment.  It  in.  therefore,  with  pleasure 
that  we  present  a  brief  biography  of  one  of  the  best  In- 
stances of  this  class. 

The  great  State  of  Ohio,  which  has  given  to  our  coun- 
try so  many  able  men  In  all  walks  of  life.  Is  tbe  place  of 
his  nativity,  he  having  made  his  debut  upon  life's  stage 
In  Milan.  Brie  County.  Ohio,  on  the  tenth  of  August.  1867. 
At  tbe  age  of  IS  be  accompanied  his  parents  to  Ne- 


ed  a  number  of  papers,  which  he  managed  until  his  re- 
moval to  Chicago,  where  for  many  years  he  was  managing 
editor  of  the  Lumber  Trade  Journal,  a  paper  which,  under 
his  direction,  prospered  and  attained  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion, and  became  an  acknowledged  authority  nn  all  sub- 
iMTtalnlng  to  the  lumber  Industry.  In  1889,  Mr. 
Ix>wls's  attention  was  called  to  the  great  possibilities  In 
mining  In  the  West,  and  accordingly  the  same  year  he 
mad*-  his  Initial  move  In  the  calling  which  was  destined  to 
bring  him  fortune  and  Inthn  n<  I 

HIM  first  *»x|M'ti.  IH  •  took  place  In  the  South  Pass  Dis- 
trict. In  Wyoming,  whore  ho  operated  for  some  time.  He 
next  became  Interested  In  properties  at  Idaho  Springs. 
Colorado,  one  of  the  oldest  camps  In  that  State,  and  the 
borne  of  some  of  the  famous  sliver  mines  of  early  days. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


Mr.  Lewis  has  always  exercised  the  utmost  caution  in  his 
selection  of  properties,  and  after  a  mining  experience  cov- 
ering thirteen  years  in  the  principal  camps  of  the  West, 
he  can  look  back  upon  his  career  with  the  satisfaction  of 
having  seen  the  properties  under  his  control,  maintain 
the  reputation  which  he  predicted  for  them. 

In  1896  Mr.  Lewis  first  became  interested  in  the  min- 
ing possibilities  of  this  great  Commonwealth.  In  that  year 
he  made  a  trip  to  Beaver  County,  and  at  once  became  im- 
pressed with  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  district,  which  at 
that  time  was  in  an  undeveloped  condition.  Time  has 
proven  the  correctness  of  his  judgment,  however,  and  the 
San  Francisco  Star,  North  Star,  Rocky  and  Beaver  Lake 
Mining  Districts  are  now  acknowleged  to  be  among  the 
richest  in  the  State. 

After  spending  five  years  in  perfecting  his  plans,  ac- 
quiring land  and  securing  options  on  claims  in  the  richest 
mineralized  zones  in  the  district,  Mr.  Lewis,  in  December, 
1900,  organized  and  incorporated  the  Imperial  Copper  Min- 
ing Company  in  Chicago,  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,000,  of 
a  par  value  of  $10  per  share.  He  was  elected  President 
of  the  Company  and  retains  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
property.  Associated  with  him  in  the  Company  as  officers 
and  directors  are  the  following  well-known  capitalists  and 
financiers:  W.  H.  Alexander  of  Chicago,  Vice-President; 
J.  P.  Haynes  of  Chicago,  Treasurer;  and  C.  J.  Caughey  of 
New  York,  and  Judge  C.  C.  Goodwin  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
completing  the  Board  of  Directors.  The  property  em- 
braced in  the  holdings  of  the  Imperial  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany consists  of  a  group  of  forty  claims,  including  the 
famous  old  Massachusetts  and  Quartzite  mines.  The  loca- 
tion of  the  property  is  in  the  San  Francisco  Mountains, 
and  in  the  mining  district  bearing  that  name.  It  lies  to 
the  north  of  the  great  Horn  Silver  Mine,  a  property  which 
was  one  of  Utah's  earliest  dividend  payers  and  still  con- 
tinues as  such.  The  Cactus  Mine,  recently  purchased  by 
the  bonanza  king,  Samuel  Newhouse,  for  over  a  quarter 
of  a  million,  adjoins  the  Imperial,  while  Frisco,  the  present 
terminus  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad,  lies  but  a  few 
miles  distant. 

It  has  been  the  policy  of  the  management  to  prosecute 
work  with  the  utmost  energy,  and  from  the  very  first  the 
results  have  been  most  gratifying.  3,000  feet  of  develop- 
ment work  has  been  performed,  consisting  of  tunnels, 
shafts  and  other  workings.  The  ore  gives  handsome  re- 
turns in  gold,  copper  and  silver,  the  smelter  returns  re- 
vealing as  much  as  20  per  cent  in  copper  and  from  $2  to 
$8  in  gold  per  ton.  The  ore  bodies  found  in  the  mine  are 
immense  in  propo  tions,  and  the  Imperial  has  a  wonderful 
future. 

Having  created  foreign  connection,  and  floated  the 
Imperial  with  such  gratifying  success,  Mr.  Lewis  next 
turned  his  attention  to  the  organization  and  incorporation 
of  the  Royal  Copper  Mining  Company.  In  1900  he  had 
secured  control  of  700  acres  of  valuable  ground  formerly 
known  as  the  old  Cactus  Group  of  mines,  all  of  which  had 
formerly  been  worked  at  a  profit,  notwithstanding  treat- 
ment charges  of  $35.00  per  ton  at  the  smelters.  After  a 
careful  sampling  of  the  ores  and  discovering  good  values 
in  copper,  gold  and  silver,  Mr.  Lewis,  with  characteristic 
quietness,  launched  the  Royal  Copper  Mining  Company, 
immediately  following  the  Imperial,  he  acting  as  President 
and  General  Manager  of  this  Company  also.  Work  was 


immediately  commenced  upon  a  three-compartment  shaft, 
with  the  object  of  sinking  it  to  a  depth  of  1,000  feet 

Mr.  Lewis  has  exercised  the  greatest  care  in  the  se- 
lection of  properties,  and  the  highest  tribute  that  may  be 
paid  his  judgment  is  the  unqualified  success  with  which 
his  ventures  have  been  favored.  While  this  is  necessarily 
founded  on  the  fact  that  the  properties  themselves  pos- 
sessed exceptional  merit,  it  is  but  fair  to  attribute  their  suc- 
cessful development  to  the  influence  of  a  far-seeing  policy 
in  management,  a  ready  grasp  of  conditions,  and  a  force- 
ful administration  of  office.  In  the  Majestic  Copper  Mining 
and  Smelting  Company,  the  most  recent  of  Mr.  Lewis'  flo- 
tations, we  find  no  exception  to  the  above  assertion.  The 
Company  has  been  launched  under  the  most  auspicious 
circumstances.  The  mines  of  this  Company  were  all 
extensive  producers  formerly,  but  under  the  former  smelter 
charges  of  $35.00  per  ton  and  no  allowance  for  copper  and 
none  for  gold  under  $5.00  per  ton  they  were  closed  down. 
In  this  Company  are  the  following  groups:  the  Harrington- 
Hickory,  the  O.  K.,  the  Old  Hickory  and  the  Vicksburg, 
all  good  properties  in  the  past,  and  with  a  record  of  hav- 
ing produced  over  $1,250,000.00.  Work  on  the  properties 
has  been  progressing  most  favorably  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Lewis,  the  greatest  amount  of  development  hav- 
ing been  done  on  the  Adelia  and  Harrington-Hickory,  where 
the  veins  have  been  opened  on  various  levels  and  large 
amounts  of  ore  extracted.  Work  on  the  Vicksburg  has  also 
been  prosecuted  most  vigorously  and  the  mine  is  being 
put  in  fine  shape.  The  shaft  on  the  O.  K.  has  been  the 
scene  of  active  operations  for  the  past  few  months  and 
immense  amounts  of  ore  are  being  blocked  out. 

With  characteristic  decision,  Mr.  Lewis  early  deter- 
mined to  be  independent  of  the  smelters  and  the  enor- 
mous expense  entailed  by  heavy  freight  charges.  With 
this  idea  in  view  the  Company  is  now  erecting  a  smelter 
near  Milford,  where  they  will  be  able  to  handle  the  im- 
mense quantities  of  ores  which  the  properties  will  produce. 
Mr.  Lewis  has  ever  been  a  man  to  read  the  great  book  of 
human  nature  aright,  and,  as  a  result,  has  gathered  about 
him  men  whose  attributes  comport  well  with  his  own  ex- 
ceptional ability.  The  truth  of  this  statement  is  reflected 
in  the  able  management  of  the  Majestic  Company.  It  is 
but  a  question  of  a  short  time  before  it  will  have  become 
celebrated  for  the  regularity  and  munificence  of  its  divi- 
dends, in  the  opinion  of  the  best  judges. 

Mr.  Lewis  came  to  Utah  equipped  with  the  attributes 
demanded  in  the  successful  man  of  business,  and  his  ex- 
perience has  proved  that  their  application  to  mining  is 
as  valuable  as  in  other  pursuits.  He  has  been  con- 
servative throughout,  and  none  of  his  investments  have 
been  made  in  the  spirit  of  a  gamble.  In  floating  properties, 
and  few  have  been  more  successful,  he  has  been  no  less 
conservative  in  his  representations,  and  as  a  result  the 
stockholders  of  the  companies  he  has  promoted  have  cause 
to  congratulate  themselves.  Furthermore,  it  may  be  said 
that  any  properties  coming  under  the  influence  of  his  man- 
agement are  rapidly  developed  and  the  interest  of  all  con- 
cerned religiously  conserved.  Mr.  Lewis  is  a  man  of  pre- 
eminent executive  ability  and  keen  perception,  and  these 
qualifications  have  combined  with  his  sterling  integrity 
to  establish  a  most  enviable  reputation  for  him  in  mining 
circles  throughout  the  State. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


MATTHEW    H.  WALKER. 


THE  men  who  have  made  fortunes  In  the  West  are  of 
two  classes:  and  while  those  who  have  risen  from 
poverty  to  opulence  in  the  space  of  a  few  years  are 
the  glaring  examples  of  the  possibilities  offered  in  mining 
in  this  locality,  the  great  number  who  have  entered  the 
field  as  Investors  Illustrate  the  conservative  nature  of 
this  most  alluring  of  all  pursuits.  Almost  without  ex- 
ception, men  who  have  applied  sound  business  principles 
to  mining  In  this  "Inland  Empire"  have  been  rewarded  far 
beyond  the  possibilities  offered  in  any  other  field  of  in- 
vestment. Such  an  instance  is  found  in  the  life  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch. 

A  native  of  Yorkshire.  England,  Matthew  H.  Walker 
began  life  in  1845.  While  a  lad  of  some  four  or  five  years, 
his  parents  removed  to  this  country  with  their  family, 
settling  at  St.  Louis,  where  for  two  years  they  remained 


own  account  in  this  city,  he  was  admitted  to  full  part- 
nership with  them.  In  1866  the  boys  purchased  the  cor- 
ner occupied  by  the  great  private  banking  house  of 
Walker  Brothers.  At  that  time  they  had  a  general  mer- 
chandise store  in  the  building,  but  by  their  honorable 
methods  they  won  the  esteem  and  respect  of  all  with 
whom  they  came  in  contact,  and  in  1867.  for  the  accom- 
modation of  their  customers,  who  were  in  the  habit  of 
leaving  sums  of  money  in  their  care,  they  established  the 
present  firm  of  Walker  Brothers,  bankers,  continuing  in 
ineir  mercantile  Interests  as  before.  The  success  or  tne 
bank  was  assured  from  Its  very  inception.  In  1885  the 
bank  was  reorganized  and  changed  from  a  private  to  a 
national  bank,  and  for  the  ensuing  nine  years  was  known 
as  the  Union  National  Bank.  At  the  expiration  of  that 
period  it  was  again  incorporated  as  a  private  Institution 


RKMDHSLE  OK  MATTHEW   H.  WAI.KKR. 
To  be  errrtrd  on  South  Tcmplr  Slim. 


before  coming  on  to  Salt  Lake,  with  a  band  of  hardy 
pioneer*  of  those  day*.  After  experiencing  the  many 
hardships  with  which  the  venturesome  settlers  of  those 
days  were  forced  to  become  familiar,  the  family  arrived 
In  this  valley  In  the  year  1852.  There  were  four  sons  In 
the  family,  all  of  them  older  than  Matthew,  and  that 
they  were  endowed  with  more  than  the  average  ambi- 
tion, perseverance  and  determination,  has  been  evidenced 
by  the  factors  which  they  afterward*  proved  themselves 
In  the  transformation  of  a  desert  wilderness  to  the  pros- 
perous commonwealth  with  which  we  deal  In  this  publlca- 


The  school  advantages  of  '61  In  this  valley  were  nee- 
krtly  limited,  and  the  opportunities  which  young  Wal- 
ker had  to  secure  an  education  were  meagre  Indeed. 
!!••  haii.  however,  been  a  student  all  his  life  and  from  the 
great  teacher  Experience  be  ha*  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  men  anil  affairs  equalled  by  few  who  have  had  op- 
portunities thrust  upon  them. 

He  learned  the  mercantile  business  from  the  ground 
up.  and.  when  his  brothers  engaged  In  business  on  their 


under  Its  original  title,  that  of  Walker  Brothers,  a  name 
by  which  It  had  been  known  for  so  many  years  previous. 
For  over  a  third  of  a  century  this  establishment  has  been 
among  the  most  highly  honored  and  respected  in  the 
West,  and  during  that  time  has  known  no  reverses. 

In  1873.  associated  with  his  brothers,  Mr.  Walker  se- 
<  iin-il  a  large  Interest  In  the  Emma  mine  In  Little  Cotton- 
wood  Canyon,  and  after  operating  the  property  successfully 
for  a  time  disposed  of  the  mine  to  a  New  York  syndicate. 
The  mines  of  the  famous  Ophlr  district  next  attracted  his 
attention,  and  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Pio- 
neer Mining  £  Milling  Company,  a  pioneer  In  every  sense 
of  the  word,  a  statement  which  will  be  appreciated  when 
It  becomes  known  that  this  company  brought  the  flrst 
stamp  mill  Into  the  territory.  After  successfully  operating 
the  property  for  four  years.  Marcus  Daly,  the  late  cop- 
per king  of  Montana,  who  at  that  time  was  In  charge  of 
their  Ophlr  mine,  was  sent  up  Into  Montana  on  an  ex- 
ploring trip  for  Walker  Brothers.  Marcus  Daly's  atten- 
tion was  called  to  the  Alice  mine  on  the  famous  Rain- 
bow Lode.  He  reported  favorably  upon  the  prospect,  and 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


43 


two  of  the  brothers,  after  making  a  trip  to  the  property, 
purchased  it.  No  time  was  lost  in  moving  their  twenty- 
stamp  mill  to  the  new  location.  The  Alice  for  many  years 
was  a  most  highly  productive  piece  of  property.  At  pres- 
ent it  is  being  worked  by  lessees. 

Besides  owning  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Alice,  Mr. 
Walker  is  treasurer  and  director  of  the  Honerine  of  Stock- 
ton, and  is  interested  in  the  Little  and  Big  Cottonwood 
Canyons,  as  well  as  having  large  interests  in  the  Tintic 
district,  and  property  in  Shasta  county,  California.  Mr. 
Walker  controls  one  of  the  largest  dry  goods  establish- 
ments between  Denver  and  San  Francisco.  The  busi- 
ness is  the  outcome  of  the  small  mercantile  establish- 
ment which  was  started  in  1859  by  the  Walker  Brothers. 


It  is  gratifying  in  reviewing  the  careers  of  men  who 
have  won  a  golden  reward  in  the  West,  to  find  so  many 
who  have  proved  worthy  of  their  good  fortune;  and 
among  those  who  enjoy  the  congratulations  and  good- 
will of  their  fellow  citizens  none  have  stood  higher  than 
the  Walker  Brothers,  of  whom  Mr.  M.  H.  Walker  is  the 
sole  surviving  representative  in  this  great  commonwealth. 
He  has  manifested  enterprise  in  the  inauguration  of  con- 
cerns giving  employment  to  hundreds  of  men;  he  has 
demonstrated  his  public  spirit  by  his  magnanimous  sup- 
port of  all  worthy  enterprises,  and  by  the  association  of 
his  name  with  all  moves  tending  to  the  moral  and  ma- 
terial advancement  of  his  city,  county  and  State. 


ARTHUR  L.  THOMAS. 


AWAY  back  in  the  Keystone  State,  in  smoky  old  Pitts- 
burg,  there  was  born,  in  1850,  a  youth  who  had  in 
him  rare  determination.  His  education  was  obtained 
in  the  common  schools.  This,  however,  was  added  to  and 
rounded  out  under  the  instruction  of  private  tutors,  and  in 
1869  he  found  himself  employed  in  a  clerical  capacity  in 
the  House  of  Representatives  at  Washington.  He  remained 
there  for  ten  years,  being  advanced  from  time  to  time  to 
responsible  positions,  and  there  he  got  his  first  practical 
lessons  in  American  politics. 

It  was  in  1879  that  Mr.  Thomas  came  to  Utah.  His  ar- 
rival was  important  in  that  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  filling 
the  office  of  Secretary  of  the  Territory.  His  appointment 
was  made  by  President  Hayes.  He  served  for  four  years 
and  was  re-appointed  to  the  same  office  by  President  Ar- 
thur. For  four  years  more  Mr.  Thomas  discharged  the 
duties  of  Territorial  Secretary,  and  in  1886,  while  still  serv- 
ing in  that  capacity,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Cleve- 
land as  a  member  of  the  Utah  Commission.  In  1880  he  was 
the  Federal  supervisor  of  Utah's  census  enumeration.  In 
1884  he  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  as  a  member  of 
a  committee  to  revise  and  compile  the  Territorial  Statutes. 
He  was  identified  with  the  labors  of  this  committee  until 
the  spring  of  1889,  when  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Utah,  his  commission  coming  from  President  Harrison.  His 
term  as  Territorial  Executive  ran  for  four  years.  From 
then  until  January,  1898,  he  devoted  himself  wholly  to 
business  affairs  and  was  very  successful  therein.  At  that 
time  he  received  the  appointment  from  President  McKinley 
of  Postmaster  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  in  January,  1902,  was 
re-appointed  to  the  same  office  by  President  Roosevelt. 

Mr.  Thomas,  while  governor  of  Utah  in  1890,  issued 
the  call  for  the  meeting  of  the  first  Irrigation  Congress. 
It  was  just  before  this  time  that  Mr.  Thomas  co-6perated 
with  the  legislature  in  securing  the  passage  of  the  statute 
that  gave  to  Utah  the  free  school  system  of  the  present 
day.  It  is  an  historical  fact  that  business  of  all  kinds 
prospered  in  the  territory  under  the  administration  of 
Governor  Thomas  and  that  more  development  work  was 
done  at  that  time  than  during  any  previous  similar  period. 
His  administration,  too,  witnessed  some  of  the  most  stir- 
ring as  well  as  some  of  the  most  important  events. 

Aside  from  the  responsibilities  attaching  to  these 
larger  offices  Mr.  Thomas  has  had  many  duties  to  dis- 
charge in  other  directions  of  public  trust,  such  as  being  a 
member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Deseret  Agricul- 
tural and  Manufacturing  Society  and  divers  other  organi- 


zations. He  was  chairman  of  the  commission  which 
adopted  the  plans  and  erected  the  State  Prison  in  1891, 
chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  which  erected,  two  years 
previously,  the  first  buildings  of  the  Agricultural  College 
at  Logan ;  also  a  member  of  the  commission  which  com- 
pleted the  Reform  School  buildings  at  Ogden;  member  of 
the  board  of  insane  asylum  commissioners  at  Provo,  and 
chairman  of  the  Republican  state  convention  which  elect- 


HON.   ARTHUR   L.   THOMAS. 

ed  delegates  to  the  Republican  National  convention  which 
nominated  McKinley  at  St.  Louis  in  1896.  For  the  past 
ten  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Republican  state 
executive  committee  and  was  a  member  of  the  last  Re- 
publican convention  that  nominated  Hon.  George  Suther- 
land for  Congress.  Since  acting  as  postmaster,  however, 
he  has  refrained  from  taking  the  stump  or  otherwise  en- 
gaging actively  in  political  work.  During  his  terms  of 
office  as  postmaster  business  has  constantly  increased  in 
the  Salt  Lake  office,  while  the  service  has  been  as  good 
as  can  be  found  in  any  city  of  similar  size  in  the  country. 
Mr.  Thomas  takes  great  personal  pride  in  it  and  has  se- 
sured  some  appreciated  reforms.  He  has  also  had  very 
much  to  do  with  the  installation  of  the  rural  delivery  sys- 
tem in  this  county,  which  is  greatly  appreciated  by  the 
residents  in  the  different  sections  where  it  has  been  put 
into  operation. 


44 


UTAH— THK    INLAND    l.MI'IKK 


DAVID   KEITH. 


THE  subject  of  this  sketch  began  his  career  at  an  age 
when  most  young  men  of  the  present  day  are  re- 
ceiving their  educational  training,  and  his  active 
life  forms  an  interesting  and  instructive  lesson,  especially 
to  the  aspiring  youth  of  the  time  who  desires  to  achieve 
success.  In  Utah  there  are  few  more  respected  citizens  than 
David   Keith,  and   he  stands   among  the   leading   men   of 
this  State  in  Influence  and  wealth.    Success  has  not  made 
him    a    less    genial,    wholesouled,    charitable    gentleman 
than  he  was  when  a  fairly  successful  miner  in  the  days 


ing  to  try  has  fortune  in  the  West,  went  to  California. 
After  a  short  stay  in  San  Francisco,  he  went  to  Virginia 
City,  Nevada.  The  Comstock  in  those  days  was  the  great- 
est mineral  producing  section  in  the  world,  and  untold 
wealth  was  being  taken  from  the  mother  earth.  Young 
men  of  ability  were  in  demand  by  the  mine  owners,  and 
Mr.  Keith  found  no  difficulty  in  securing  employment.  His 
early  training  in  Nova  Scotia  stood  him  well  in  band,  and 
being  of  temperate  habits,  he  soon  won  advancement.  He 
was  foreman  of  the  Overman  and  Caledonia  mines,  and 


DAVID 

when  be  operated  on  the  Comstock.  but,  on  the  contrary, 
Mr.  Keith  si  111  IliulH  pleasure  In  helping  those  who  deserve 
help.  It  has  been  Mid  truthfully  of  those  who  have  amassed 
wealth  In  the  mining  Industry  that  In  obtaining  fortune 
ihcmi»elves  they  take  from  no  other  Individual,  but.  on  the 
rontrary.  add  to  the  material  wealth  of  the  country.  Mr. 
K.-itti  has  not  alone  added  to  the  material  wealth  of  Utah, 
hut  In  his  own  surceM  has  been  ft  factor  In  adding  to  that 
•  •I  others. 

David  Keith  was  born  May  27.  1847  at  Mabou.  Cape 
Hreii.n  Island.  Nova  Scotlft.  and  I*  a  son  of  John  Keith 
an>l  Margaret  Ness-Keith.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and 
the  family  Is  of  Scotch  descent  After  attending  the 
public  schools  Mr.  Keith,  though  only  a  lad  of  fourteen 
years  of  age.  In  order  to  assist  In  the  support  of  hl» 
family,  went  to  work  In  the  cold  mines  of  Nova  Scotia. 
He  followed  this  pursuit  for  five  years  and  then,  determln- 


•.in  H. 

when  the  famoua  Korman  shaft  was  projected  by  the 
owners  of  the  Overman  Mine,  Mr.  Keith  was  selected  as 
the  man  to  take  charge  of  this  Important  work.  The 
results  were  not  what  the  projectors  of  this  work  had 
anticipated,  hut  the  shaft  was  sunk  between  twenty-three 
hundred  anil  twenty-four  hundred  feet  before  It  was  aban- 
doned. In  the  sixteen  years  that  Mr.  Keith  was  on  the 
Comstock,  he  made  an  enviable  reputation  for  himself  as 
a  mining  man.  and  when  he  left  that  section  In  1883  for 
Park  City.  Utah,  his  fame  had  preceded  him;  but.  like 
most  of  the  mining  men  <>f  that  period,  his  worldly  pos- 
sessions were  de.  i,|.-,ii\  meagre.  First  he  became  foreman 
of  the  Ontario  No.  3  Mine,  which  position  he  held  for  eight 
years. 

Practically  the  first  operation  In  which  Mr.  Keith 
was  Interested  on  his  own  account  was  when.  In  company 
with  Thomas  Kcarns  and  others,  he  secured  a  lease  on 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


45 


the  Mayflower,  and  worked  it  successfully  for  a  time, 
the  property  finally  becoming  involved  in  litigation  with 
the  Northland  Mining  Company,  which  seriously  hampered 
operations  for  some  time.  The  Northland  was  afterwards 
bought  by  the  Silver  King  people.  Numerous  other  proper- 
ties were  brought  to  his  attention,  some  of  which  he 
interested  himself  in.  His  experiences  were  similar  to 
hundreds  of  Western  mining  men,  who  have  wooed  and 
won  fortune  in  the  hidden  treasure  houses  of  Nature 
among  the  Utah  hills.  But  all  this  time  Mr.  Keith  was 
familiarizing  himself  with  the  character  and  formation 
of  the  country  contiguous  to  the  camp. 

It  was  in  the  early  90's  th'at  David  Keith,  associated 
with  Thomas  Kearns  and  others,  bought  the  property 
which  has  made  the  Park  City  District  famous.  The  ore 
showed  remarkable  values,  and  after  doing  sufficient  work 
to  conclusively  demonstrate  that  the  ore  bodies  werf 


for  many  times  their  cost.  The  wisdom  of  his  course  grows 
evident  daily.  Give  him  the  credit  also  for  being  a  man 
who,  suddenly  becoming  wealthy,  has  exercised  a  wisdom 
in  its  use  reciprocally  to  the  advantage  of  himself  and  the 
community  in  which  he  lives. 

Four  years  ago  Mr.  Keith  removed  to  Salt  Lake  City, 
where  he  has  since  made  his  abode.  He  erected  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  and  imposing  homes  in  the  State,  situ- 
ated in  the  choicest  residence  portion  of  the  city.  He 
has  acquired  other  valuable  real  estate  holdings  in  various 
parts  of  the  business  and  residence  portions  of  the  city, 
and  has  evidenced  his  faith  in  the  supremacy  of  both  by 
the  erection  of  some  of  the  most  substantial  business 
blocks  to  be  seen  on  our  streets.  He  has  always  pur- 
chased for  investment  and  not  for  speculation,  and  the 
property  he  owns  is  to  a  large  extent  producing  income. 
His  mining  interests  are  by  no  means  confined  to  the  Park 


RESIDENCE   OF   DAVID    KEITH. 


of  immense  proportions  and  secure  a  patent,  the  Silver 
King  Mining  Company  was  organized  and  incorporated  in 
August,  1892,  and  from  that  date  active  development  work 
and  production  began. 

The  reins  of  management  having  been  placed  in  the 
hands  of  Thomas  Kearns  and  David  Keith,  a  policy  of 
expansion  was  at  once  inaugurated.  In  the  original 
instance  it  was  a  necessity,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
Silver  King  claims  were  of  insufficient  area  for  the  prose- 
cution of  extensive  operations  such  as  were  contemplated. 
Not  the  wealth  of  the  Silver  King  alone,  but  its  location 
in  the  midst  of  the  camp's  largest  producers  made  the 
surrounding  and  unexplored  territory  valuable  assets. 
Mr.  Keith  was  not  slow  to  recognize  this  fact,  and  at  his 
instance  the  company  has  expended  vast  sums  in  adding 
to  its  territory  in  the  last  ten  years,  representing  a  series 
of  investments  which  the  company  would  not  forfeit  today 


City  district  nor,  indeed,  the  State.  He  is  heavily  inter- 
ested in  various  properties  throughout  the  camps  of  Ne- 
vada, a  state  in  which  he  is  thoroughly  acquainted  with 
all  the  mines  and  mining  men. 

Mr.  Keith  is  a  man  of  strong  character,  and  as  such, 
has  won  prominence  in  hisl  profession.  He  is  a  man 
of  comprehensive  judgment,  and,  as  such,  has  conducted 
vast  mining  operations  with  ability  and  success.  He  Is 
also  a  man  of  generous  public  spirit  and  has  contributed 
most  liberally  to  the  general  interest.  He  is  a  man 
who  receives  the  congratulations  of  his  fellows  when 
fortune  smiles,  and  such  a  one  as  would  retain  their 
friendship  and  esteem  should  the  fickle  dame  choose  to 
frown.  He  is  a  man  of  exalted  ideas,  and  loyal  and 
unflinching  in  all  his  relations;  and  among  the  mining 
men  of  this  and  adjacent  states  few  men  are  held  In 
higher  esteem  for  worthy  attributes  of  character  than  he. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    KMPIRI. 


EDWARD   PAYSON   FERRY. 


THE  FAME  of  the  Park  City  Mining  District  is  world 
wide,  and  this  fact  is  due  not  alone  to  the  wonder- 
ful riches  nature  has  stored  up  In  the  everlasting 
hills  of  Summit  County,  but  equally  to  the  brains,  energy 
and  perseverance  of  the  men  who  cast  their  lot  in  that 
region,  and  in  presenting  any  facts  regarding  the  great 
mining  camp,  it  Is  a  duty,  as  well  as  a  pleasure,  to  pay 
tribute  to  those  who  have  forced  the  treasures  from  their 
hiding  places  and  aided  in  giving  the  Park  the  high  repu- 
tation it  has  obtained.  Among  those  who  have  been  most 
prominent  in  this  respect,  none  are  more  worthy  of  special 


the  lirm.  Their  interests  extended  at  that  time  pretty 
much  over  the  State  of  Michigan  and  included  a  number 
of  lumber  carrying  vessels  upon  the  Great  Lakes.  At  one 
time  the  firm  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being  the  largest 
lumber  merchants  in  Michigan,  a  State  which  had  more 
lumber  kings  than  all  other  States  combined.  The  work 
attached  to  so  great  a  commercial  enterprise  fell  heavily 
upon  the  junior  member  of  the  firm,  as  his  brother  Hon. 
Thomas  W.  Ferry,  took  an  active  part  in  State  and  Na- 
tional politics,  thus  leaving  the  management  of  their  vast 
lumber  Interests  to  his  brother  Edward.  In  addition  to 
the  responsibilities  incident  to  the  successful  directing  of 


HOWARD  PAYSON  KERRY. 


mention  than  the  man  who  Is  the  subject  of  this  biography. 
Kdward  Payson  Ferry  wan  born  In  Orand  Haven,  Mich- 
igan, In  1837.  HI*  father  was  one  of  the  first  white  settlers 
In  Ottawa  County,  having  emigrated  to  Western  Michi- 
gan when  It  was  the  frontier  State  of  the  Union.  It  was 
but  a  natural  sequence  that  he  should  become  din*  My 
Interested  In  the  lumber  business,  as  Michigan  has  long 
been  known  as  the  greatest  timber  State  of  that  region. 
His  son,  Kdward.  after  receiving  his  education  In  the  pub- 
lic school*  cif  bin  native  rlly  and  later  taking  a  course 
at  that  celebrated  Institution  of  learning.  ll-L.lt  College, 
followed  In  the  footsteps  of  his  Illustrious  sire.  In  connec- 
tion with  his  brother.  Thomas  W.  Ferry,  he  formed  the 
firm  of  Ferry  A  Bro..  Edward  P.  being  junior  member  of 


so  great  an  enterprise.  Mr.  Ferry  for  twenty  years  was  the 
political  manager  of  his  brother  Thomas  W.  Ferry.  That 
he  displayed  a  rare  knowledge  of  men  anil  possessed  ex- 
ecutive ability  to  a  marked  degree  will  be  admitted  with- 
out a  dissenting  voice  when  It  Is  announced  that  under  his 
management  Thomas  W.  Ferry  made  his  presence  felt  In 
National  political  life  for  over  twenty  years.  He  served 
his  State  as  Representative  fur  four  terms  and  wan  i:it-  i 
elected  Senator  at  the  expiration  of  bin  first  term  Immedi- 
ately succeeding  himself.  The  strain  of  so  strenuous  a  life 
made  It  necessary  for  Mr.  Ferry  to  abandon  for  the  time 
being  his  extensive  Intercuts  In  bin  native  State,  and  M- -K 
recuperation  In  a  milder  climate.  Accordingly.  In  1878. 
at  a  time  when  the  wonderful  riches  of  Utah's  mineral 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


47 


wealth  were  being  heralded  to  the  world,  we  find  him  a 
resident  of  Park  City. 

Stagnation  and  retrogression  were  not  elements  of 
the  young  man's  character.  It  was  his  role  in  life's  drama 
to  rise  and  advance;  hence  it  was  but  in  the  nature  of 
things  that  shortly  after  his  arrival  he  became  interested 
in  the  mines  of  the  district.  At  that  time  the  famous 
Ontario  was  the  bonanza  of  the  State,  and  by  many  con- 
ceded to  be  the  only  property  in  the  district  worth  locat- 
ing; Mr.  Ferry,  with  far-seeing  judgment,  became  con- 
vinced that  the  ore  bodies  which  were  making  the  owners 
of  the  Ontario  wealthy,  extended  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
Company's  property,  and  he  quietly  began  the  purchase 
and  location  of  claims  in  the  district.  Mr.  Ferry  demon- 
strated by  the  success  of  his  initial  experiences,  that  it  is 
not  so  much  mining  luck  as  correct  business  principles 
which  are  requisite  to  success  in  mining  operations. 

In  company  with  former  associates  in  Michigan,  Mr. 
Ferry  located  and  secured  by  patenting,  an  interest  in 
many  properties  in  the  district,  in  the  meantime  thor- 
oughly familiarizing  himself  with  the  geological  forma- 
tion of  the  camp  before  attempting  to  promote  a  company. 
In  the  early  '80's,  after  having  spent  several  years  in  the 
district,  he,  in  connection  with  others,  effected  a  combina- 
tion of  several  claims  and  companies  and  organized  them 
into  the  Crescent  Mining  Company.  Mr.  Ferry  acted  as 
Vice-President  and  General  Manager  of  the  property  for 
a  number  of  years  until  it  was  disposed  of  to  other  parties. 
It  is  a  noteworthy  fact,  that  under  the  active  direction  of 
Mr.  Ferry  as  General  Manager  the  Company  paid  the  only 
dividends  which  it  ever  distributed.  Among  the  other 
promotions  of  Mr.  Ferry  are  the  Woodside  and  the  Boss, 
both  properties  having  been  worked  and  patented  for 
many  years  and  the  controlling  interest  still  being  retained 
by  Mr.  Ferry. 

In  1888,  in  connection  with  the  Cleveland  multi-million- 
aire, John  L.  Wood,  Mr.  Ferry  financed  the  Anchor  Min- 
ing Company.  The  promotion  was  effected  by  the  consoli- 
dation of  various  interests  in  the  district,  some  of  which 
were  involved  in  litigation  at  the  time.  Mr.  Ferry  as- 
sumed his  customary  active  position  in  the  direction  of  the 
affairs  of  the  Company,  with  the  result  that  the  Anchor 
Mine  developed  marvelously  during  the  succeeding  few 
years.  It  is  interesting  to  note,  in  this  connection,  that  the 
property  was  sold  last  spring  to  the  Daly-Judge  Mining 
Company,  of  which  that  veteran  miner.  John  J.  Daly,  is 
the  President  and  heaviest  owner.  The  Daly-Judge  people 
own  extensive  interests  adjoining  the  Anchor  property, 
and  they  will  be  developed  through  the  Anchor  shaft  and 
tunnel. 


Among  the  big  bonanzas  in  which  Mr.  Ferry  is  a  stock- 
holder, we  mention  the  great  Silver  King,  which  he  as- 
sisted in  organizing;  the  Daly -West,  which  is  noted  for  the 
regularity  and  munificence  of  its  dividends;  and  the  fa- 
mous Quincy  Mine  of  the  same  district;  also  the  parent  of 
all  Park  City  properties,  the  celebrated  Ontario,  which  has 
a  record  of  having  disbursed  over  fourteen  million  dollars 
to  its  owners.  Aside  from  his  mining  interests,  Mr.  Ferry 
is  an  extensive  owner  of  real  estate  in  Park  City,  and  was 
one  of  the  original  owners  of  the  townsite  company,  upon 
whose  lands  the  camp  has  been  built.  In  1890  he  became 
interested  in  the  great  forests  of  Washington,  where  on 
the  shores  of  Puget  Sound  he  acquired  immense  tracts  of 
the  finest  timber  land  in  this  country.  He  organized  a 
company,  now  known  as  the  Ferry-Baker  Lumber  Company, 
and  commenced  an  energetic  crusade  in  the  business  pur- 
sued by  his  father  before  him.  The  acquisition  of  addi- 
tional interests,  however,  proved  too  much  for  his  impaired 
health,  and  shortly  after,  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish 
the  management  of  his  extensive  interests  to  his  sons, 
one  of  whom,  E.  S.  Ferry,  is  a  law  partner  of  Joseph  T. 
Richards,  and  the  other,  William  Montague  Ferry,  by 
reason  of  special  training  with  a  view  to  relieving  his 
father  of  the  responsibilities  and  the  cares  incidental  to  his 
mining  interests,  is  especially  fitted  to  hold  the  position 
he  does  in  relation  to  his  father's  business. 

While  so  much  of  Mr.  Ferry's  time  was  necessarily 
engaged  in  his  private  interests,  he  was  not  blind  to  the 
obligations  imposed  by  good  citizenship,  and  in  1888  and 
again  four  years  later  his  influence  was  felt  upon  the  floor 
of  the  Legislature,  as  a  Representative  from  Summit 
County.  He  was  honored  a  number  of  times  as  Delegate 
to  the  Trans-Mississippi  Congress,  and  at  the  meeting  of 
that  organization  in  Denver  in  1891,  he  was  elected  per- 
manent Chairman.  Among  the  distinguishing  traits  of 
Mr.  Ferry's  character,  not  the  least  predominant  and  praise- 
worthy is  his  philanthropy.  The  magnanimity  with  which 
he  conducted  his  relations  with  the  laboring  man  has  been 
the  occasion  of  most  favorable  comment,  wherever  his 
generous  acts  are  known.  Mining,  the  pursuit  in  which 
he  attained  a  fortune,  owes  much  to  the  man  whose  per- 
severance and  well  directed  efforts  have  added  evidence 
to  the  fact  that  this  field  of  enterprise  is  as  much  the 
realm  of  the  business  man  and  financier  as  it  is  of  the 
speculator  and  investor.  The  community  in  which  he  lives 
is  indebted  to  him  no  less  for  the  influence  of  his  career 
than  for  the  unfailing  and  liberal  support  he  extended  to 
all  projects  conceived  in  the  interest  of  the  moral  and 
material  welfare  of  the  City  and  State;  and  it  is  but  just 
to  say  that  few  citizens  of  Salt  Lake  City,  public  or  private, 
are  held  in  higher  esteem  than  he. 


48 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


JOHN    DERN. 


IT  HAS  been  urged  against  mining  by  the  novitiate  that 
one  has  to  be  the  "early  bird"  to  reap  a  harvest  of  gold. 

No  impression  could  be  more  erroneous,  as  has  been 
demonstrated  beyond  dispute  by  the  countless  instances 
to  the  contrary  in  mining  history ;  and  residents  of  this 
section  do  not  have  to  search  far  for  convincing  evi- 
dence that  every  day  has  its  opportunities,  and  that  they 
are  not  reserved  for  the  "lucky"  man  more  than  for  the 
conservative  and  far-seeing  investor.  Especially  Is  this 
true  of  quartz  mining,  where  extensive  development  is 
required  to  exploit  a  mine,  and  even  in  the  case  of  placers 
the  successful  working  of 
abandoned  ground  is  of  fre- 
quent occurrence.  Among  the 
striking  examples  afforded  in 
Utah  substantiating  the  pre- 
ceding assertion,  the  Deseret 
News  could  present  no  better 
individual  instance  than  that 
found  in  the  following  ca- 
reer: 

Born  in  Germany  in  the 
year  1850,  the  early  boyhood 
of  John  Dern  was  spent  in  his 
native  land,  until  he  attained 
the  age  of  fifteen,  at  which 
time  he  came  to  this  country, 
settling  In  Illinois,  where  he 
had  a  married  sister.  In  the 
spring  of  1869  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad  was  completed 
and  the  great  plains  States 
experienced  their  first  real  in- 
flux of  settlers.  Among  the 
throng  who  battled  for  a  home 
In  Nebraska  was  young  Dern, 
then  still  in  his  teens.  Fre- 
mont was  little  more  than  a 
frontier  town  in  those  days, 
but  the  rich  agricultural  land 
surrounding  It  proved  a 
source  of  attraction  for  set- 
tlers, and  In  farming  Mr. 
lii-rn  made  his  first  start 
In  life. 

Being  of  a  commercial  turn  of  mind.  Mr.  Dern  was 
nut  content  to  remain  a  farmer,  but  only  used  this  occupa- 
tion as  a  stepping  stone  to  something  more  to  his  liking. 
By  1880  he  had  accumulated  sufficient  capital  to  engage  In 
hiiHlncss.  and  recognizing  the  opportunities  afforded  In 
handling  grain,  lumber,  coal  and  live  stock,  he  embarked 
In  thU  pursuit.  During  the  next  ten  years  he  was  estab- 
lished In  this  line  of  business  In  Fremont  and  nearby  towns 
In  Dodge  County. 

While  Mr.  Dern'*  business  affairs  necessarily  en- 
grossed the  greater  portion  of  his  time,  he  still  found  op- 
pot  (unity  and  inclination  to  respond  to  the  obligations 
Imposed  by  good  citizenship.  We  accordingly  find  him 
representing  the  counties  of  Dodge  and  Washington,  In 
t!i-  Tenth  District,  as  State  Senator  In  1889  and  1890.  He 
also  served  bis  party  as  treasurer  of  Dodge  County  for  two 
I.TIDK  during  the  early  '90s.  During  his  Incumbency  he 
thoroughly  demonstrated  his  fitness  for  the  office,  and 
served  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  constituents. 

Naturally  In  his  dally  association  with  men  of  affairs 
be  became  Interested  In  numerous  business  and  manufac- 


JOHN  DERN 


luring  enterprises.  In  1892  he  disposed  of  his  grain  busi- 
ness and  purchased  farms  of  the  most  productive  land  in 
that  section  of  the  State,  which  he  secured  during  the 
financial  depression  prevalent  In  1892,  1893  and  1894. 
These  interests  he  still  retains. 

It  was  12  years  ago  that  Messrs  H.  W.  Brown  and  G. 
S.  Peyton,  former  residents  of  Nebraska,  who  were  then 
living  in  Salt  Lake,  induced  Mr.  Dern,  E.  H.  Airis  and 
other  Fremont  men  to  become  interested  in  what  was 
afterwards  known  as  the  great  "Mercur"  mine,  at  that  time  a 
mere  prospect,  and  white  it  was  known  since  1870,  when 

what  is  now  Mercur  was  the 
mining  camp  of  Lewiston,  to 
have  carried  gold  In  consider- 
able quantities,  no  effort  had 
been  made  to  do  mining  for 
gold.  The  ores  were  not  free 
milling  and  little  had  been 
done  except  to  work  the  mines 
for  silver. 

Upon  arriving  on  the 
ground,  in  the  interests  of 
himself  and  associates,  to  ex- 
amine the  property.  Mr.  Dern, 
although  not  a  mining  man, 
believed  from  the  surface 
showings  that  the  prospects 
were  good  for  developing  big 
ore  bodies.  He  accordingly 
recommended  to  his  associ- 
ates the  purchase  of  the  prop- 
erty. They  immediately  com- 
menced the  development  of 
the  mine  and  were  rewarded 
beyond  their  most  sanguine 
expectations.  The  Mercur 
Gold  Mining  and  Milling 
Company  was  incoriwrated  in 
1890,  the  company  having  suf- 
ficient ore  blocked  out  to 
warrant  the  erection  of  an 
amalgamation  plant.  This  pro- 
cess proved  a  failure.however, 
as  only  15  per  cent,  of  the 
metal  was  saved.  Various  changes  and  experiments  were 
made  without  success,  and  had  it  not  been  that  the  mine 
developed  so  well  the  owners  would  undoubtedly  have 
suspended  operations.  Their  perseverance  was  rewarded, 
however.  In  the  discovery  of  the  cyanide  process  for  treat- 
Ing  ores,  which  proved  a  wonderful  success  with  them.  H 
Is  appropriate  to  state  In  this  connection  that  the  Mercur 
was  the  first  mine  In  the  United  States  to  adopt  this  pro- 
cess In  the  extraction  of  gold. 

It  Is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  many  of  the  successful 
mining  operators  of  the  West  are  men  who  have  entered 
the  flelil  wit  hunt  previous  mining  experience,  a  considera- 
tion which  would  Indicate  'that  It  Is  not  so  much  mining 
lore  as  correct  business  principles  that  are  requisite  to  suc- 
cess In  mining  operations.  Mr.  Dern  Is  an  Instance  In 
point.  His  first  mining  experience  was  In  connecton  with 
the  Men-iir  mine,  and  he  was  the  organizer  and  Incorpora- 
te of  the  Mercur  Oold  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  of 
which  he  was  president  until  IU  consolidation  with  the 
De  La  Mar  mines  two  years  ago. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


49 


A  history  of  the  consolidation  of  the  Mercur  mine  with 
the  Golden  Gate  properties,  owned  by  Captain  De  La  Mar, 
the  bonanza  king  of  a  dozen  States,  is  a  most  interesting 
one.  The  deal  was  accomplished  in  Europe  by  Mr.  John 
Dern  and  Captain  De  La  Mar.  The  total  area  of  the  com- 
pany's ground  is  944  acres.  One  million  shares  made  up 
the  total  of  the  stock  in  the  new  company,  which  was  incor- 
porated under  the  title  of  Consolidated  Mercur  Gold 
Mines  Company. 

The  merger  of  the  various  mines  proved  a  most  shrewd 
and  diplomatic  move  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Dern,  and  met 
with  the  best  possible  result  from  a  practical  standpoint 
for  both  mines.  The  economical  and  successful  treatment 
of  all  the  ores  of  both  mines  was  made  possible,  while  a 
vigorous  system  of  development  work  opened  up  immense 


property  is  now  in  most  excellent  condition.  He  is  also 
a  director  and  heavily  interested  in  the  Dexter-Tuscarora 
Consolidated  Gold  Mines  Company,  and  has  since  acquired 
many  other  valuable  mining  interests.  Among  his  most 
recent  investments  is  the  purchasing  of  a  controlling 
interest  in  and  the  organization  of  the  Creole  Mining  Com- 
pany of  Park  City.  This  company  owns  valuable  claims  in 
the  best  mineralized  zone  of  the  famous  Park  City  district. 

Mr.  Dern  has  exercised  the  utmost  caution  in  the  se- 
lection of  the  properties,  and  the  highest  tribute  that  may 
be  paid  his  judgment  is  the  unqualified  success  with  which 
his  ventures  have  been  favored.  While  this  is  necessarily 
founded  on  the  fact  that  the  properties  themselves  pos- 
sessed exceptional  merit,  it  is  but  fair  to  attribute  their 
successful  development  to  the  influence  of  a  far-seeing 


RESIDENCE  OF  JOHN   DERN. 


new  ore  bodies  in  both  the  Golden  Gate  and  the  Mercur, 
which  insured  the  successful  operation  of  the  largest  cya- 
nide plant  in  the  world  for  years  to  come.  Among  the 
improvements  inaugurated  was  an  electric  tramway  con- 
necting the  two  mines. 

The  company  immediately  took  rank  as  one  of  the 
heaviest  producers  and  dividend  payers  in  the  State,  and 
in  this  connection  it  is  pertinent  to  say  that  the  Consoli- 
dated Mercur  employs  more  men  than  any  other  metal 
mine  in  Utah. 

Mr.  Dern  was  Vice-President  of  the  Consolidated  Mer- 
cur Gold  Mines  Company  until  the  last  of  February,  when 
he  and  his  friends  acquired  the  De  La  Mar  interests  in  the 
company,  whereupon  he  was  chosen  President,  while  E.  H. 
Airis,  of  the  Dexter  Tuscarora  Consolidated  Gold  Mines 
Company  became  Vice-President,  and  George  H.  Dern 
Treasurer  and  General  Manager. 

In  1901  Mr.  Dern  assisted  in  organizing  the  Consoli- 
dated Uncle  Sam  Mining  Company.  This  was  formerly 
the  old  Jesse  Knight  property,  located  at  Tintic.  Since 
the  consolidation  work  has  been  pushed  rapidly  and  the 


policy  in  management,  a  ready  grasp  of  conditions  and 
a  forceful  administration  of  office.  Mr.  Dern  has  ever 
been  a  man  to  read  the  great  book  of  human  nature  aright, 
and,  as  a  result,  has  gathered  about  him  men  whose  at- 
tributes comport  well  with  his  own  exceptional  ability. 
The  truth  of  this  statement  is  reflected  in  the  able  man- 
agement of  the  great  Mercur  property,  which  has  become 
celebrated  for  the  regularity  and  munificence  of  its  divi- 
dends. 

John  Dern  is  a  typical  Western  man.  He  possesses  the 
generosity  and  warm-hearted  hospitality  of  the  Rockies, 
and  the  traits  of  character  which  won  him  friends  in  for- 
mer days  bind  them  to  him  to-day.  He  is  one  who  has 
accepted  fortune  graciously,  nor  has  permitted  it  to 
estrange  the  friendships  of  former  days.  Mr.  Dern  is  a 
man  of  praiseworthy  public  spirit,  and  has  contributed 
directly  or  indirectly  to  the  furtherance  of  all  public 
moves  meriting  his  support  that  have  been  inaugurated  of 
late  years.  In  public  and  private  life  he  stands  for  the 
moral  advancement  of  society,  and  the  influence  of  his 
presence  in  the  community  is  for  culture  and  moral  growth. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMP1RI 


P.  A.  H.   FRANKLIN. 


THE  lives  of  tbe  men  who  have  won  fame  and  fortune 
In  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  West  furnish  the  biog- 
rapher with  material  for  romance,  and  their  expe- 
riences are  the  warp  and  woof  of  anecdotes  more  engaging 
than  the  tales  of  the  Arabian  Nights.     Among  the  many 
who  compose  this  colony  in  Salt  Lake  City  few  are  better 
known  than  the  above-named  gentleman.    To  him  attaches 
an  interest  as  one  of  the  successful  promoters  and  mlne- 


antl  young  Franklin  inherited  the  sterling  qualities  of 
character  predominant  in  the  race.  He  was  educated  in 
his  native  land  where  at  seventeen  years  of  age  he  entered 
a  military  school  as  a  private.  He  was  a  diligent  student 
and  made  rapid  progress.  His  scholastic  education  con- 
tinued uninterruptedly  until  his  graduation  from  the  insti- 
tution as  an  officer  in  the  army  at  twenty-two.  While  in 
the  military  school,  he  early  developed  a  taste  for  mechan- 


P.  A.   H.  FRANKLIN 


ownem  in  the  State.  Success,  however,  has  wrought  nn 
miracle  alienating  him  from  lilt*  fellow  men.  He  is  the 
courteous.  unassuming  business  man  that  he  was 
I  term-  Fortune  consented  to  smile  upon  him.  To 
say  that  Dr.  Franklin  has  had  an  Intensely  interesting 
career  is  expressing  it  but  mildly;  few  men  of  this 
•  '"iritry  bare  succeeded  In  so  marked  a  degree.  In  spite  of 
obstacles,  as  be. 

Dr.  P.  A.  H.  Franklin  Is  one  of  the  million  born  sons 
of  Norway  adopted  by  Uncle  8am.  He  made  his  debut 
upon  life's  stage  fifty-live  yearn  ago.  on  the  8th  of  August. 
1847.  HU  parents  were  of  a  sturdy  Norwegian  ancestry. 


Irs  and  engineering,  and  accordingly  took  a  course  la 
rlvll  engineering.  Immediately  upon  his  leaving  the  mllf 
tary  school  he  was  apiiolnted  a  civil  engineer  for  the 
Danish  government.  The  most  Important  piece  of  engln- 
..MIII-  .!•  •  "iiu.lisheii  by  him  during  tbe  ensuing  three 
years  In  which  he  was  retained  as  a  government  engineer 
was  tbe  draining  of  th<>  famous  Seabourg  Sea.  This 
remarkable  engineering  feat  was  accomplished  by  running 
canals  four  miles  to  tbe  ocean,  Seabourg  Sea  being  four 
feet  above  the  ocean  level.  12,000  acres  of  fertile  farm- 
ing land  were  thereby  maile  (it  for  tilling.  There  Is  an  his- 
toric feature  connected  with  this  Incident  In  the  young 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


engineer's  life.  The  castle  of  Queen  Catherine,  famous 
in  history,  stood  upon  the  very  edge  of  this  body  of  water, 
which  by  drainage  was  rendered  farming  land. 

In  1873.  at  the  age  of  26.  young  Franklin  left  his  native 
land  for  the  greater  possibilities  offered  to  ambitious  youths 
on  this  side  of  the  water.  Arriving  in  this  country  with- 
out friends  or  even  a  knowledge  of  the  English  language, 
he  remained  but  a  short  time  in  New  York  before  start- 
ing West.  He  visited  Pittsburg,  Chicago  and  many  other 
points  in  the  Middle  States  before  finally  deciding  to  come 
to  Utah,  which  at  that  time  was  attracting  world  wide 
attention  by  its  mining  excitement.  Accordingly  the 
same  year,  1873,  found  him  a  resident  of  this  state,  where 
he  has  since  lived. 

With  a  capital  consisting  of  determination  to  win, 
backed  by  the  home  influences  which  had  instilled  into 
his  very  fibre  the  elements  of  industry,  thrift  and  honesty 
that  were  to  count  for  so  much  in  his  after  life,  he  im- 
mediately looked  about  him  for  employment  in  the  voca- 
tion which  had  so  strongly  appealed  to  'h/im — mining.  He 
first  secured  work  as  a  common  miner  in  the  famous  old 
Flagstaff  mine  in  the  Little  Cottonwood  Canyon.  Right 
here  was  the  difference  between  Dr.  Franklin  and  the 
average  prospector  and  miner.  Devoid  of  experience  or 
knowledge  touching  geology  and  mineralogy,  he  read  and 
studied,  and  so  equipped  himself  to  recognize  indications 
which  would  pass  unnoticed  by  the  superficial  and  igno- 
rant genius,  among  whom  he  was  so  marked  an  exception. 

After  remaining  at  the  Flagstaff  for  three  years,  during 
which  time  he  occupied  various  positions  from  drill- 
man  and  common  miner  to  shift  boss  and  foreman,  he 
finally,  in  1876,  left  the  camp.  His  next  venture  was  at 
the  great  copper  camp  of  Frisco,  where  he  erected  a 
saw  mill  and  secured  adjacent  timber  land  from  which  to 
draw  his  supply  of  lumber.  He  sawed  most  of  the  lumber 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  houses  in  the  old  town  of 
Frisco,  as  well  aa  having  supplied  the  timbers  for  the 
Horn  Silver  Mine.  Having  thus  acquainted  himself  with 
the  intricacies  of  practical  mining  and  the  saw  mill  in- 
dustry,, he  was  next  engaged  in  work  upon  the  Horn 
Silver  smelter,  where  he  acquired  a  complete  knowledge 
of  the  process  and  the  plant.  He  was  also  employed  in 
building  the  first  dry  concentrating  mill  ever  erected  in 
this  State,  the  old  Carbonate  and  Rattler  Mine  having  let 
the  contract. 

It  is  not  our  purpose,  within  the  compass  of  this 
sketch,  to  follow  his  career  through  the  various  camps  of 
the  West  that  claimed  his  attention  for  the  seven  years 
intervening  between  1883  and  the  time  of  his  first  promo- 
tion in  1890.  But  we  may  say  briefly  that  his  experience 
was  that  of  hundreds  of  other  Western  mining  men  who 
have,  in  the  course  of  their  careers,  made  and  lost 
a  score  of  fortunes.  The  American  mining  man  of  moder- 
ate resources  is  a  born  plunger,  and  it  is  through  his  fear- 
less investment  that  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  continent 
has  been  exploited  and  opened  up;  and,  incidentally,  that 
many  individual  instances  are  recorded  where  prominent 
mining  men  have  found  themselves  once  more  at  the  foot 
of  the  ladder. 


In  1890  Dr.  Franklin  secured  an  option  on  the  Niagara 
Mine  of  Bingham,  and  incorporated  it  as  the  Niagara  Min- 
ing Company.  He  was  the  supreme  head  and  manager 
of  the  company  for  some  time,  finally  disposing  of  his 
interests  in  the  property.  Later  he  became  interested  in 
the  old  Hope  Mine  of  Basin  City,  Montana.  It  would  be 
strange  indeed  if,  in  his  daily  contact  with  mining  men, 
Dr.  Franklin  should  not  have  been  interested  in  the  field 
of  promotion.  He  established  substantial  connections  in 
the  East,  and  accordingly  in  1896,  he  promoted  the  sale 
of  the  United  States  Mining  Company  in  Boston,  a  prop- 
erty which  early  secured  a  place  upon  the  list  of  dividend 
payers,  and  one  whose  stock  is  much  siought  after.  In 
1898  he  organized  the  Blackbird  Copper-Gold  Mining 
Company,  of  which  he  is  the  President  and  General  Man- 
ager. The  property  of  the  company  consists  of  103  claims 
surrounding  the  famous  Cactus  Mine,  now  owned  by 
Samuel  Newhouse  and  associates.  The  company  also  has 
67  claims  in  the  Blackbird  Mining  District  in  Idaho.  Under 
the  efficient  management  of  Dr.  Franklin,  work  upon  the 
property  has  been  progressing  rapidly.  The  claims  are 
located  in  some  of  the  richest  mineralized  territory  of  that 
section  of  the  state,  and  the  ore  values  presented  are 
most  encouraging.  About  this  time,  Mr.  Franklin  secured 
control  of  the  celebrated  Yankee  Consolidated  Mine  in 
the  Tintic  District.  At  the  time  he  assumed  charge  of 
the  company  the  mine  was  heavily  involved  in  debt  and 
development  work  was  in  a  most  unsatisfactory  shape. 
With  his  characteristic  ability  for  grasping  the  situation, 
he  took  the  reins,  with  the  result  that  the  Yankee  Con- 
solidated rapidly  forged  to  the  front,  and  when  he  sold  his 
interest  in  the  property  last  August,  the  mine  was  in  a 
most  flourishing  condition,  as  is  attested  by  the  demand  for 
stock  upon  the  Salt  Lake  Stock  Exchange. 

Among  the  most  recent,  as  well  as  the  most  successful 
promotions  made  by  this  veteran  operator,  financier  and 
promoter,  are  the  Red  Bird  Mining  Company,  of  which 
he  is  President  and  General  Manager;  the  Mount  Baldy 
Mining  Company,  and  the  Snowbird  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  is  the  President,  General  Manager  and 
heaviest  individual  owner.  These  companies  are  all 
located  in  the  famous  copper  belt,  lying  between  Frisco 
and  Milford  on  the  Oregon  Short  Line  Railroad.  Dr. 
Franklin  is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  most  successful  pro- 
moters in  the  State.  The  principal  companies  he  has  or- 
ganized and  incorporated  are  too  well  known  on  'change 
to  require  more  than  passing  mention.  The  mining  man 
who  reads  this  magazine,  wherever  he  is,  will  recognize  in 
Dr.  Franklin  a  man  who  by  his  natural  versatility  and  by 
his  extensive  knowledge  of  mining  is  especially  fitted  for 
a  promoter. 

No  one  who  has  read  the  story  of  bravery  in  adversity, 
of  struggle  and  determination,  of  perseverance  in  the  face 
of  despai",  and  of  the  surmounting  of  obstacles  in  the  life 
of  Dr.  P.  A.  H.  Franklin,  can  but  feel  to  congratulate  him  in 
the  reward  which  has  come  to  him.  He  is  a  man  of  pre- 
eminent executive  ability  and  keen  perception,  and  these 
qualifications  have  given  him  an  enviable  reputation  in  min- 
ing circles  throughout  the  State. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


WILLARD  F.  SNYDER. 


THERE  is  yearly  as  much  Invested  in  mining  as  there 
is  in  banking,  and  according  to  an  authority  upon 
the  subject  banking  does  not  prove  as  safe  or  as 
profitable  as  mining.  This  may  be  received  with  some 
skepticism  by  some,  as  the  old  idea  that  mining  was  a 
speculation  at  best  is  still  believed  by  many.  The  busi- 
ness of  mining  has  now  become  practically  a  science,  so 
that  a  mine  is  not  as  it  'was — a  speculation.  Competent 
engineers  and  mining  experts  are  able  to  determine  just 
what  the  extent  and  nature  of  any  given  mine  are  and 
the  owners  have  only  to  figure  the  cost  of  getting  out  the 
ore  and  having  it  transported  to  the  mills  or  smelters  to 
ascertain  what  their  profit  will  be.  Among  the  little 
colony  of  men  in  this  city  who  have  been  instrumental  in 
developing  the  mines  of  not  only  this  but  adjoining  States, 
with  their  own  private  capital,  and  interesting  that  of 
others,  few  have  accomplished  more  or  worked  In  a 
broader  field  than  the  gentleman  whose  name  appears  at 
the  head  of  this  article. 

The  careers  of  the  mining  men  of  Salt  I-ake  furnish 
some  of  the  country's  most  Interesting  bits  of  personal 


STREET  SCENE  IN  SALT  LAKE   IV    TIU    f  \KI.V   >>•§. 
TABERNACLE  IN  THE  BACKOROIM) 

history.  That  of  Wlllard  F.  Snyder  is  no  exception  to  the 
general  rule.  From  his  early  boyhood  he  was  reared  in  the 
adventurous  atmosphere  of  a  mining  camp,  and  being  con- 
stantly associated  with  mining  men  it  Is  not  surprising 
that  we  find  his  entire  life  has  been  devoted  to  the  follow- 
ing of  this  most  fascinating  calling.  He  owes  his 

nativity  to  this  State,  having  I n  horn  thirty-nine  years 

ago  In  Davis  County.  Ills  parents  moved  to  the  Infant 
mining  ramp  r>f  Park  City  In  1870.  Then  the  camp  boasted 
•  if  little  besides  Its  name,  and  tin-  great  bonanzas  which 
have  since  been  developed  ami  numbered  among  the  great- 
est mines  of  the  world's  history  wore  lying  dormant,  the 
Ontario  at  that  time  being  considered  the  only  property 
In  the  district  with  any  promise. 

I'titll  reaching  his  twenty-fifth  year  young  Snyder  had 
confined  his  attention  to  foaming  and  freighting  In  and 
around  the  ramp.  He  WM  an  observing  youth  and  had 
by  close  study  of  the  country  formed  an  ex.  client  Idea 
<if  th<-  geological  formation  »r  the  country  surrounding  the 
ramp:  and  to  this  learning  was  added  the  keenest  of  Intel 
lects  and  the  shrewdest  of  natures. 

The  rear  1888  marked  the  beginning  of  the  mining 
excitement  In  Plute  County,  for  It  was  In  that  rear  that 


the  Gold  Mountain  District  made  its  debut  into  the  mining 
world.  A  mining  man  in  the  truest  sense,  ever  on  the  alert 
for  new  discoveries,  it  is  not  surprising  that  we  find  Mr. 
Snyder  on  the  ground  in  the  morning  of  its  fame.  He  lost 
no  time  in  making  locations,  and  soon  had  three  claims 
staked  out.  Here  it  is  apparent  that  his  previous  mining 
experience  had.  been  of  inestimable  value,  and  one  of  the 
first  claims  he  located  at  that  time  was  the  Annie  Laurie. 
He  afterwards  sold  the  property  to  the  Bald  Mountain 
Mining  Company.  In  connection  with  associates  he  next 
purchased  some  locations  already  made  that  promised  well, 
and  organized^  the  Sevier  Mining  Company.  This  property 
he  disposed  of  in  1896  to  advantage.  His  interests  in  the 
district  had  by  this  time  assumed  such  proportions  and 
had  met  with  such  success  that  he  branched  out  more 
extensively  as  a  promoter  and  operator.  His  quick  per- 
ception had  discovered  larger  possibilities,  and  he  con- 
cluded to  try  for  bigger  things. 

He  had  a  most  thorough  knowledge  of  the  intricate 
mineral  formations  of  the  district  which  he  had  helped  to 
organize,  and  was  so  sure  that  all  that  was  needed  to 
develop  the  mines  was  capital  that  he  made  a  trip  to 
Chicago  in  1898  to  establish  Eastern  connections.  His 
wide  acquaintance  among  the  mining  men  of  the  country 
served  him  in  good  stead  in  the  "Windy  City."  and  in 
the  same  year  he  negotiated  the  sale  of  the  Annie  Laurie 
for  what  was  considered  an  enormous  price  for  the 
property,  $400.000.  That  the  purchasers  secured  a  bargain 
is  evident  when  it  is  stated  that  today  the  mine  is  valued 
at  five  millions.  At  the  time,  this  was  the  largest  deal 
that  had  been  consummated  in  that  portion  of  the  State. 
His  next  successful  promotion  was  the  organization  of  a 
pool  in  which  C.  K.  McCornick  and  others  were  interested, 
for  the  purchase  of  the  St.  George  Copper  Company,  better 
known  as  the  "Dixie"  Mine.  Under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Snyder  the  mine  was  developed  until  a  year  later  he  sold 
his  controlling  Interest  of  70  per  cent  for  $200.000.  Today 
the  property  is  valued  at  three-quarters  of  a  million,  thus 
fully  demonstrating  Mr.  Snyder's  reputation  as  a  success- 
ful promoter. 

The  same  year  he  started  negotiations  for  the  Dalton 
and  Lark  property.  With  Mr.  Snyder  engineering  the  deal 
the  property  was  put  In  shape  and  seven  months  later  the 
Blngham  Consolidated  Company  purchased  the  property 
for  the  large  sum  of  $1.250,000.  which  up  to  that  time  waa 
one  of  the  large  transactions  made  In  that  district. 

Above  we  have  reviewed  the  career  of  Wlllard  F. 
Snyder  In  part;  but  we  have  reserved  for  the  last  his 
crowning  achievement,  wherein  he  has  tendered  to  this 
State  a  corporation  that  has  accomplished  much  In  the 
way  of  developing  our  latent  mining  :  hi  July. 

l!ni|.  n  company  was  formed  under  the  style  of  the  West- 
ern Exploration  Company,  and  Mr.  Snyder  passed  to  Its 
official  head  as  President,  and  has  since  diverted  opera- 
tions as  Its  General  Manager.  Annum  the  gentlemen  who 
are  associated  with  him  In  the  company  are  IV  L.  Klmberly. 
a  resident  of  Sharon.  Pennsylvania,  and  a  multimillionaire. 
and  one  of  the  present  owners  of  the  celebrated  Annie 
I-anrlc;  W.  O.  Filer  of  the  same  city  Is  a  director  and 
Vice  President;  C.  O.  Elllngwood  of  thin  city  acU  as  Sec- 
retary. Treasurer  and  Director  as  well.  They,  together 
with  Bismarck  Snyder.  complete  the  directorate  of  the 
"'tnpany. 

Among  the  various  properties  which  the  company  has 
acquired  the  Motiorlne  Mining  and  Milling  Company  Is  one 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


53 


of  the  most  promising.  Years  ago  this  mine  produced  over 
two  millions  above  water  level.  When  this  was  reached 
the  old  company  suspended  operations  on  account  of  inabil- 
ity to  get  rid  of  the  water.  The  company  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Snyder  propose  to  run  a  tunnel  into  the  hill 
7,000  feet,  at  which  point  it  will  tap  the  vein  500  feet  below 
the  old  workings,  and  1,400  feet  below  the  surface.  Work  on 
the  tunnel  commenced  on  the  7th  of  July,  this  year,  and  to 
date  they  have  broken  the  record  on  tunneling,  having 
driven  it  a  distance  of  1,500  feet  in  90  days.  The  company 
owns  the  controlling  interest  in  this  property  as  it  does  in 
all  the  mines  it  is  associated  with.  Like  the  Montana  cop- 
per king,  W.  A.  Clark,  Mr.  Snyder  does  not  believe  in  retain- 
ing a  minority  holding  in  properties,  thereby  displaying  one 
of  his  strongest  characteristics. 

The  Sampson  Mining  Company,  located  in  the  Bingham 


of  the  company  are  invested.  They  hold  an  interest  in  the 
property  and  have  an  option  on  the  balance.  As  thirty 
men  are  engaged  in  developing  the  mine,  it  will  probably 
be  heard  from  shortly,  although  it  is  known  to  be  a  high- 
grade  proposition.  Another  gold  property  in  which  Mr. 
Snyder  has  interested  his  company  is  the  New  Pass  Mining 
Company,  located  in  Austin,  Nevada. 

He  recently  secured  an  interest  in  the  Balaklala 
Mine  of  Shasta  County,  California.  It  is  considered  one 
of  the  biggest  copper  properties  in  the  State,  and  immense 
sums  of  money  have  been  expended  by  Mr.  Snyder's  com- 
pany in  the  development  of  the  ore  bodies,  with  the  result 
that  at  a  recent  examination  by  an  eminent  mining  expert 
it  was  estimated  that  over  one  and  three-quarter  million 
tons  of  ore  had  been  blocked  out.  There  seems  no  limit  to 


SALT    LAKE    C1TV    IN    1901,    FROM    THE    CITY    AND    COUNTY    BUILDING. 


mining  district,  is  another  of  the  earlier  acquisitions  of  the 
company,  and  one  upon  which  development  work  has  been 
pushed  so  vigorously  that  the  mine  is  now  upon  the  list 
of  "shippers."  In  the  Tintic  District  the  company  is  inter- 
ested in  the  Boss-Tweed  Mining  Company.  The  property 
is  situated  between  the  Carisa  and  the  Star  Consolidated, 
and  if  there  is  anything  in  location — and  the  history  of 
mining  has  proven  that  there  is — the  Boss-Tweed  has  a 
future  and  we  may  add,  a  present  as  well.  Work  on  the 
property  is  being  pushed  in  accordance  with  the  policy  of 
the  company's  management. 

The  same  shrewd  business  acumen  which  has  charac- 
terized Mr.  Snyder's  operations  in  this  State  is  evident 
in  his  acquisitions  by  purchase  of  a  number  of  California 
properties,  among  which  we  may  call  passing  attention  to 
the  Red  Cross  Mine  located  in  Nevada  County,  California. 
A  twenty-stamp  mill  has  been  erected  upon  the  property, 
and  will  be  in  operation  by  the  first  of  the  year.  The 
mine  is  a  gold  proposition  and  the  ores  are  treated  by 
amalgamation  and  concentration,  one  of  the  most  econ- 
omical as  well  as  satisfactory  methods  of  handling  free- 
milling  ores.  Recent  scientific  discoveries  make  it  pos- 
sible to  handle  ores  at  a  profit  which  formerly  were  of  no 
value  owing  to  inability  to  treat  them. 

The  Gold  Peak  Mining  Company  of  Kern  County,  Cali- 
fornia, is  one  of  the  newest  properties  in  which  the  funds 


the-  depth  of  copper  veins  in  the  Montana  bonanzas,  and 
this  seems  to  be  true  of  all  mines,  in  fact,  where  that 
mineral  is  found,  whether  it  be  Montana,  Arizona,  Utah  or 
California.  By  reason  of  the  new  milling  machinery  and 
modern  methods  of  smelting,  large  profits  can  now  be 
realized  from  ore  which  was  formerly  thrown  aside  as  too 
low  a  grade  to  be  smelted,  or  the  mine  was  not  worked 
at  all.  The  low  grade  ore  mines  today  are  among  the 
most  valuable  because  of  the  immense  quantity  of  ore  and 
the  small  expense  with  which  it  is  mined. 

Mr.  Snyder,  though  an  unusually  active  man  in  the 
conducting  of  his  rapidly  growing  and  diversified  interests, 
finds  time  for  the  gratification  of  various  other  dominat- 
ing instincts.  Quiet  and  unassuming,  yet  shrewd  and  tact- 
ful, he  has  a  faculty  for  solving  aright  the  multifarious 
problems  of  an  eventful  career,  and  his  business  judgment 
has  been  amply  evidenced  by  the  success  of  great  enter- 
prises. Starting  in  life  without  capital,  he  has  demon- 
strated the  value  of  energy,  foresight  and  pluck  in  building 
up  a  profitable  business  and  one  in  which  his  interests  are 
identical  with  those  of  the  State  in  which  he  operates. 
His  success  has  been  manifestly  the  result  of  business 
attainments  of  an  exceptional  character,  and  an  ability 
that  has  made  him  prominent  among  the  most  successful 
promoters  not  only  of  this  State,  but  of  the  West  as  well. 


Wte(rh>  OF  THE 

vy 


THE  CITY  OF  THE  SAINTS.     Such  is  the  distinctive 
municipal    pseudonym    bestowed    by    a    celebrated 
writer  and  traveler  upon  Salt  Lake,  the  world-wide 
famous  metropolis  of  the  inter-mountain  region,  which  a 
little  more  than  half  a  century  ago  was  the  undisputed  and 
undivided  abode  of  red-skinned  savages  and  beasts  of  the 
wilderness.     And  a  pretty  and    proper    designation    it    is. 
But  still  prettier  and  far  more  romantic  Is  the  city 


His  name  In  a  region  where  desolation  reigned,  and  civili- 
zation was  unknown. 

Salt  l.ake  has  no  prototype  in  the  New  World.  In 
many  respects  she  has  none  in  the  Old,  though  Jerusalem, 
that  ancient  habitation  of  peace  and  subsequent  center 
of  strife,  was  set  in  a  land  that  has  marvelous  counter- 
parts in  the  abiding  places  of  the  Latter-Day  Israel,  whose 
chlefest  gathering  point  is  Salt  Lake— "The  City  of  the 


I  Mf   FAMOUS  MORMON  TKMPLK— rORTY   YEAR!  IN   BUILDING— E5TIMATKD  CO»T  f l. 


Itself.  Where  In  there  a  city  on  the  American  continent 
that  ban  the  historic  Interest  or  the  picturesque  surround- 
lnt?n  posscKiMNl  by  the  beautiful  young  capful  that  BO 
proudly  and  majestically  rear*  her  head  amid  desert  lands 
and  mountain  fastnesses?  A  city,  given  to  the  world 
through  thp  travail  and  (tufferlngs  of  a  people  who.  fleeing 
from  the  enemies  of  religion*  thought  and  liberty,  sought 
Ood  and  bullded  not  only  a  State,  but  erected  Temples  to 


Saints."  conspicuous  and  glorious  among  the  vales  of  Utah 
as  was  the  city  of  David  above  the  valleys  of  Hlnnom 
and  Jehoshaphat.  Palestine  has  Its  River  Jordan  that 
connected  Its  Dead  Soft  with  a  lake  of  living  water.  So 
has  Utah.  It  had  Its  Mt.  Nebo  that  towered  above  Its 
rugged  fellows.  So  has  Utah.  It  had  IU  thirsty  farms 
ami  orchards  that  drew  their  liquid  life  from  thp  fresh 
water  lake  that  emptied  IU  contents  Into  the  sea  of  salt. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


55 


In  both  lands  these  bodies  are  conceded  to  bear  a  surpris- 
ing likeness  to  each  other,  and  both  have  other  character- 
istics so  much  in  common  as  to  suggest  the  thought  that 
the  Divine  Architect  must  have  designed  it  so. 

RETROSPECTIVE. 

As  another  writer  has  stat- 
ed in  the  opening  article  to 
this  book,  Salt  Lake  City  was 
founded  in  1847.  The  man 
whose  name  will  be  linked 
with  it  most  closely  in  the 
cycles  of  the  future,  as  it  has 
in  those  of  the  past,  is 

Brigham  Young.  It  was  his  wisdom  that  formed  the 
controlling  force  in  that  marvellous  journey  across  the 
trackless  plains  from  the  Missouri  River  to  the  shores  of 
the  far-famed  saline  lake  that  "lies  between  the  mountains 


build  up  Zion.  A  soil  as  dry  as  powder,  with  a  vegetation 
so  sparse  as  to  cause  the  instant  query,  "Is  it  possible 
that  the  sustaining  things  of  earth  can  be  produced  here?" 
was  found  on  every  hand.  The  few  silver  streams  that 
threaded  their  way  from  the  Wasatch  Range  were  quickly 
licked  up  by  the  thirsty  sand  and  gravel.  But  what  the 
site  lacked  in  the  way  of  inviting  verdure  was  compen- 
sated for  in  the  natural  advantage  of  location.  That  much 
the  visitor  of  today  can  readily  see.  He  finds  a  city  of 
homes  such  as  he  has  never  seen  before.  On  a  gentle 
western  slope  of  the  Wasatch  Range  in  a  splendidly 
protected  corner,  the  city  stands  overlooking  the  valley  of 
the  lazy  Jordan,  now  tapped  on  every  hand  to  give  life 
to  the  thousands  of  orchards  and  farms  that  run  from  the 
very  fringe  of  the  city  itself  to  the  mountains  round  about. 
From  the  plateau  above  thisi  city  of  homes,  or  from  a  still 
more  elevated  position  farther  up  the  mountain  side,  from 
one  of  the  hundreds  of  peaks  that  stand  like  sentinels 


THK    l.KKAT  "MORMON"  T ABKRN ACLK— ONK   OK  THH    LARGEST   AUDITORIUMS   IN    THE   UNITED  STATES. 


and  the  great  Pacific  Sea."  His  was  the  mind  that  planned 
in  detail  every  undertaking  of  consequence  in  that  unpar- 
alleled pilgrimage.  His  was  the  mind  that  saw  to  the 
execution  of  every  assignment  and  the  overcoming  of 
every  obstacle  that  was  thrown  in  the  way  of  his  mighty 
purpose.  And  his  was  the  mind  that,  after  the  arrival 
of  the  Pioneers  in  the  Promised  Land  of  the  New  World 
planned  the  future  "City  of  the  Saints." 

THEN    AND    NOW. 

The  stranger  who  lingers  within  the  gates  of  Salt 
Lake  City  today  can  but  poorly  picture  the  desolation 
that  reigned  in  the  sun  burned  desert  on  the  entrance 
into  the  valley  through  Emigration  Canyon  on  July  24,  1847. 
Still,  if  he  has  any  imagination  at  all,  he  can  see  in  the 
dim  past,  enough  of  the  condition  that  obtained  at  that 
time  to  know  that  it  must  have  taken  stout  hearts  and 
determined  minds  to  select  this  as  the  place  in  which  to 


guarding  the  city  and  valley  of  thrift  and  industry,  the 
best  view  is  obtained.  He  looks  out  upon  a  grandeur  of 
scope  and  environment  that  must  stir  to  the  very  depths 
the  soul  within  him,  when  he  sees  what  is,  and  remember» 
what  was.  He  will  never  know  what  it  cost  to  make  the 
mighty  transformation  that  has  been  wrought,  but  he  can 
see  that  the  City  of  the  Saints  is)  a  living,  breathing 
miracle  in  the  heart  of  the  Great  American  Desert. 

WAS    MEXICAN    SOIL. 

Utah  was  Mexican  soil  when  the  historic  band  of 
Pioneers  came  as  a  vanguard  to  blaze  the  way  for  Western 
civilization.  It  had  been  part  and  parcel  of  that  country 
from  the  beginning.  But  immediately  on  the  arrival  of 
the  Mormons  they  took  possession  of  it  in  the  name  of 
the  United  States,  and  threw  the  Stars  and  Stripes  to  the 
breeze  from  the  top  of  Ensign  Peak,  which  stands  almos 
at  the  very  head  of  East  Temple  Street,  the  principal 


56 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


thoroughfare  of  the  city.  And  from  thie  same  proud 
eminence  Old  Glory  floats  today  on  all  State  and  patriotic 
occasions. 

When    the    Pioneers   gathered    for   the    first   time    or 
the  site  where  the  great  white  stone  Temple  now  stands 


INTERIOR   OF  THE   TABERN  ACLK-SEA'l  I  Mi   CAPACITY   8,003. 


they  were  addressed  by  Brigham  Young,  who  reminded 
them  that  they  had  gathered  In  Utah  according  to  the 
direction  and  counsel  of  Joseph  Smith,  the  prophet  and 
founder  of  the  Latter-Pay  faith.  It  was  a  solemn  assem- 
blage. Those  who  comprised  it  had  just  completed  the 
most  notable  pilgrimage  of  modern  times.  They  had 
Journeyed  over  a  practically  untraversed  country  for  more 
than  a  thousand  miles.  It  had  been  a  hazardous  march. 
Death  and  disease  had  pressed  them  heavily,  and  much 
of  the  time  the  gaunt  finger  of  famine  had  pointed  at 
them.  The  new  land  Into  which  they  had  come  was  sterile 
anil  uninviting.  That  was  evidenced  on  every  hand.  Still 
they  murmured  not.  The  master  spirit  that  swayed  them 
— their  own  faith  In  the  cause  they  represented — told  them 
that  all  would  yet  be  well,  and  that  they  would  become 
a  blessed  and  prosperous  people.  That  waa  enough. 

THE  CITY'S  SITE  CHOSEN. 

It  was  on  the  evening  of  the  28th  of  July  that  this 
meeting  was  held.  It  Is  recorded  that  the  hush  that  fell 
over  the  gathering  was  of  the  most  solemn  character,  and 
that  all  spoke  and  acted  as  one  man.  They  saw  eye  to 
eye.  There  was  no  dissent.  All  was  peace  and  love.  They 
had  just  voted  upon  the  location  and  plan  of  the  new  city. 
Under  the  Inspiration  of  the  time  they  bad  listened  to  the 
declaration  that  the  city  they  were  about  to  found  was 
but  the  Installation  of  a  new  dispensation  of  civilization 
•mid  the  everlasting  hills,  and  that  that  founding  had  been 
not  only  foretold  hut  directed  by  their  first  prophet.  They 
wanted  no  innnv  They  knew  full  well  that  he  would 
have  been  with  them  In  person  had  he  not  died  the  victim 
of  the  bullets  of  assassins.  But  tln-y  Uii"w.  I.HI,  that  his 
mantle  had  fallen  upon  a  great  man,  and  that  be  would 
direct  them  aright. 

At  the  meeting  In  question  the  Apostles  were 
apixilnted  a  committee  to  lay  off  the  city.  A  few  day* 
lat>>r  the  actual  work  of  surveying  was  under  way  and  In 
charge  of  Orson  Pratt,  one  of  the  profoundest  mathema- 
tician* of  his  generation,  and  Henry  O.  Sherwood.  At 


this  time  the  question  arose  as  to  whether  40  acres,  the 
area  first  determined  upon  for  the  Temple  Block,  would 
not  be  too  large.  The  matter  was  affirmatively  decided 
and  at  a  subsequent  meeting,  It  was  concluded  to  reduce 
It  to  ten  acres,  the  present  size  and  the  area  of  all  the 
other  regular  sized  blocks  of  the  city. 

THE  FIRST  BUILDING. 
On  Saturday,  July  31,  a  concerted  movement 
was  made,  and  a  large  bowery  of  brush  and 
boughs  was  constructed  on  the  Temple  Block; 
this  was  the  first  structure  in  the  nature  of 
a  habitation  or  place  of  shelter,  erected  for 
white  men  In  the  valley,  though  it  was  only 
a  light  and  temporary  affair.  On  the  following 
day  religious  services  were  held  therein,  and 
on  that  day  it  was  decided  that  the  Pioneers, 
who  had  divided  into  two  camps,  should  co- 
operate and  labor  unitedly  together;  that  all 
horses,  mules  and  cows  should  be  tied  near  the 
camp  at  night,  that  the  work  of  building  cabins 
as  a  protection  against  the  rigors  of  the  com- 
ing winter  should  be  undertaken  without  delay, 
and  that  they  should  be  so  constructed  as  to 
Form  a  defense  stockade  in  the  event  of  raids 
by  Indians.  Spanish  adobe,  or  sun-dried  brick, 
such  as  are  seen  in  some  of  the  oldest  resi- 
dences of  the  city  today,  was  the  material 
selected;  logs  from  the  canyons  were  also  free- 
ly used  in  the  construction  of  the  Pioneer 
buildings. 


THE  OLD  FORT  SQUARE. 

A   piece  of  ground   in  the  southwestern   part  of  the 
city  was  chosen  for  a  stockade.     Its  extent  was  ten  acres. 


THt  riNIST   PIPK  OR«.\S  IN    IMF.  WORLD. 

It  was  for  years  called  the  Old  Port  Square,  but  Is  now 
termed  the  Pioneer  Square,  out  of  regard  for  the  stalwart 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


57 


band  that  made  it  their  flrst  camping  place.  The  fort,  or 
stockade,  was  composed  of  log  and  adobe  houses  on  the 
east  side,  while  the  three  other  sides  were  enclosed  by  a 


tents  or  prairie  schooners.  A  year  later  Salt  Lake  was 
divided  into  its  now  famous  ward  system.  At  that  time 
it  had  nineteen  wards.  Today  it  has  something  over  thirty. 
A  bishop  and  his  two  counsellors  constituted  the  direct 
authority  over  each.  They  served  in  secular  as  well  as 
in  religious  capacities.  They  collected  taxes  and  saw 


*. 


. 


^ 


PIONEER  MONUMENT. 

ErecteJ   in  memory  of  the  Pioneers. 


high  earth  wall.  Thus  were  very  adequate  defense  and 
protection  measures  taken  against  marauding  redskins. 
On  August  22,  or  within  one  month  after  the  arrival  of 
the  Pioneers,  a  conference  was  held  in  the 
bowery  and  a  stake  organization,  such  as 
exists  today,  was  provided  for.  The  new  mu- 
nicipality was  also  given  its  first  name,  on 
motion  of  Brigham  Young.  It  was  "Great  Salt 
Lake  City  of  the  Great  Basin  of  North  Amer- 
ica." The  postofflce  was  named  the  "Great 
Basin  Postoflico."  and  the  valley's  most 
attractive  water  course — the  Jordan  river — and 
other  streams  and  objects  were  given  their 
titles  at  the  same  time.  During  the  following 
months  the  population  of  the  city  was  steadily 
being  added  to  by  tne  arrival  of  other  Saints 
from  the  East,  and  soon  Old  Port  was  found 
inadequate  for  their  accommodation.  As  a  re- 
sult two  contiguous  blocks  on  the  south  were 
enclosed  in  like  manner.  A  few  of  the  more 
courageous  characters  lived  on  the  outside  of 
the  Fort,  among  them  being  Lorenzo  D.  Young, 
who  erected  a  log  cabin  on  the  banks  of  City 
Creek,  where  now  stands  the  historic  Beehive 
house. 

THE    NOW    FAMOUS    WARD    SYSTEM. 

Toward  the  close  of  1848  the  City  had  a  popu- 
lation of  5,000,  and  450  buildings.   Of  course  these  dwellings 
could  not  afford  shelter  for  all,  and  many  dwelt  in  their 


THE   FIRST   HOUSE    ERECTED  IN   SALT   LAKE  CITY. 
Still  Occupied. 

to  the  judicious  disbursement  of  the  same.  They  as- 
sumed the  lead  and  guide  in  all  things;  counseled  against 
litigation  or  other  disputes,  and  acted  as  peace  arbiters 
and  adjusters  when  such  arose.  This  method  of  govern- 
ment was  new  to  the  world  up  to  this  date.  While  It 
would  not  now  be  proper  or  successful  it  was  then  both. 
The  nearest  approach  to  anything  of  the  kind  was  that 
exercised  by  the  New  England  ministry  in  the  earliest 
colonial  days  when  they  discharged  wisely  and  well,  func- 
tions of  a  somewhat  similar  character.  Of  course,  the 
men  entrusted  with  these  important  responsibilities  were 
chosen  by  the  people  themselves  and  were  known  for  their 


[HE  ASSEMBLY   HALL  ON  TEMPLE  BLOCK. 


wisdom  and  probity.     These  duties,  it  should  be  borne  in 
mind,  were  always  given  gratuitously. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


Immigration  into  the  new  city  continued  and  in  1850 
it  was  estimated  that  it  contained  6,000  people.  Not  all 
who  came,  however,  remained.  Many,  under  instruction 
of  their  leaders,  were  going  out  into  other  counties  to 
colonize  and  reclaim  the  hitherto  unbroken  land  that  was 
threaded  by  mountain  streams  here  and  there.  In  other 
words,  they  were  doing  their  part  in  the  laying  of  the 
foundation  of  the  great  State  of  the  future.  As  the  city 
grew,  it  was  found  necessary  from  the  very  nature  of  Its 
development,  to  change  to  the  regular  machinery  of  mu- 
nicipal government,  though  strict  truth  demands  the  state- 
ment that  its  management  has  been  none  the  abler  since 
the  change  was  made.  Salt  Lake  City  has  had  in  all 
twelve  mayors.  The  first  was  Jedediah  M.  Grant,  and  the 
last,  and  present.  Is  Ezra  Thompson,  who  is  serving  his 
second  term  of  office. 

WHAT   IT   HAS   DONE   FOR   CIVILIZATION 

The  part  that  Salt  I^ake  City  has  played  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  Pacific  Coast  is  a  very  great  one — how 
great  not  even  the  historian  will  ever  be  able  to  tell.  Al- 


of  passing  trains  of  emigrants  secured  exchanges  at  far 
lower  rate — rates  that  were  a  veritable  blessing  to  them. 


lll>  I  I'KK      *  \<-l.Y     I. A  I  t. 

Erected    by  Br1|him  Young  In  !»('( 

most  simultaneously  with  the  founding  of  the  City  of  the 
Saints  came  the  discovery  of  gold  In  California,  and 
strangely  coincident  therewith  was  the  fact  that  the  "Mor- 
mons" participated  In  that  Important  event.  Soon  came 
the  mighty  rush  of  gold  hunters  across  the  continent.  Salt 
Lake  was  on  the  highway  to  the  coveted  goal.  It  was  the 
great  stopping,  resting  and  outfitting  place  between  the 
Missouri  river  and  the  new  Eldorado.  It  was  here  that 
Hiipplles  were  obtained  to  replenish  the  larder  that  had 
run  so  low  en  route,  or  that  was  emptied  altogether  before 
arrival;  for  the  setltlers  of  the  Salt  Ijike  valley  lost  little 
time  in  causing  the  sterile  soil  to  produce  that  which  would 
sustain  lift-,  the  needs  of  the  traveler  were  supplied,  and 
nmliT  n|«TlhV  liiHirnrtlon  from  President  Young,  the  ex- 
change was  made  on  the  llve-and-let-llve  policy.  This 
does  not  mean  that  high  prlci-x  <II<1  not  prevail,  for  the 
contrary  was  true  at  times.  In  fact  merchandise,  which 
was  all  hauled  by  ox  teams  from  the  Missouri  river  brought 
fabulous  prices.  For  Instance  there  were  occasions  when 
flour  was  sold  at  a  dollar  a  pound;  sugar  at  60  cents  a 
pound;  nails  at  $70  a  keg;  and  kerosene  at  $25  a  can.  with 
other  things  ID  proportion.  But  In  the  main  the  hundreds 


THt   ALTA   CLUB. 

Later,  other  travelers  who  pushed  off  into  the 
wilds  of  Idaho  and  Montana,  and  into  sections  farther 
to  the  northwest,  either  in  search  of  hidden  treasures 
or  home  sites  found  similar  benefits  and  advantages. 
This  was  the  spot  where  they  rested,  where  they  ob- 
tained their  fresh  supplies.  It  was,  in  brief,  the  half- 
way house  across  the  continent.  It  was  the  supply 
station  then,  and  is  in  a  large  measure  so  today  for 
much  of  the  same  tributary  country.  Salt  Lake  ac- 
celerated greatly,  if  indeed  it  did  not  make  possible, 
the  building  of  the  first  transcontinental  railway  sys- 
tem. With  that  In  successful  operation,  a  great  flnan 
cial.  Industrial  and  civilizing  feat  had  been  accom- 
plished, and  Salt  Lake  was  made  happy  in  being 
placed  in  close  touch  with  the  outside  world. 

The  commercially  Inclined  mind  will  readily  dis- 
cern that  Salt  Lake  City  has  something  more  substan- 
tial than  picturesque  surroundings  and  sentimental  his- 
tory. A  brief  glance  at  the  map  will  show  that  It  Is 
situated  in  the  very  heart  of  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant trade  region  of  the  intermountain  West.  Small 
wonder  then  that  it  Is  the  recognized  railroad 
headquarters  of  the  trans-Missouri  country  today. 


lrl|kui  \w*i  In  ifta. 

The  capital  that  has  lioen  Invested  by  the  glgantlr 
transportation  corporations  that  have  long  had  a 
foothold  here  has  been  well  placed.  It  Is  more  than  worth 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


59 


the  while  of  the  common-carrier  kings  and  financiers  whose 
new   roads   are   headed   hither  from   Denver  on   the  east, 


from  Oregon  on  the  northwest  and  from  Los  Angeles  on 
the  southwest,  to  engage  in  the  struggle  now  under  way. 


concerns  of  this  city  have  their  traveling  representatives 
in  all  of  these  states  hustling  for  trade  and  taking  orders 
for  goods  manufactured  here.  That  they  are  meeting 
with  success  is  eloquently  told  in  the  stupenduous  figures 
quoted  above.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the 
future  will  tell  even  rosier  tales  concerning  the  growth  of 
Salt  Lake's  business.  Why  should  it  not?  Salt  Lake  sits 
in  the  midst  of  a  thriving  country  with  people  paying  her 
tribute  for  more  than  a  thousand  miles  around ;  and  that 
they  must  continue  to  do  so,  nature  has  unmistakably 
decreed. 

RESOURCES  THAT  GIVE  IT  LIFE. 

The  resources  that  contribute  most  to  the  wealth  and 
increasing   power  of   Salt   Lake   City   are   stable   in   their 


SALTAIR   PAVILION— ONE  OF  THE   FINEST  BATHING  RESORTS  IN  THE  WORLD. 


They  all  realize  that  Salt  Lake  must  not  be  left  on  the 
side  in  the  present  operations  and  that  it  must  be  on  the 
"main  line"  for  transcontinental  and  Oriental  traffic  in 
the  days  to  come. 

It  is  a  known  fact  that  the  jobbing  interests  of  Salt 
Lake  City  are  immense — that  they  more  than  double  those 
of  Denver  every  year.  In  1901  they  aggregated  actual  trans- 
actions of  more  than  $25,000,000.  This  year  they  will,  it 
is  conservatively  estimated,  exceed  that  sum  fully  $5,000,- 
000.  These  figures  are  such  that  they  astound  the  reader  but 
they  are  correct  nevertheless  and  show  more  plainly  than 
anything  else  the  strong  position  of  Salt  Lake  as  a  jobbing 
center.  This  is  a  prestige  that  Salt  Lake  merchants  have 
been  building  up  in  all  the  years  that  are  past,  from  the 
days  when  gold  dust  and  bullion  were  weighed  and  ac- 
cepted in  lieu  of  specie,  and  when  barter  was  one  of 
the  customs  of  commercial  activity,  until  now,  when  every 
modern  and  up-to-date  business  method  is  employed  to  hold 
and  increase  trade  relations  with  the  outside  states,  which 
include  Colorado,  Wyoming,  Idaho.  Montana,  Washington, 
Oregon,  California  and  Nevada.  Today  the  big  business 


character.    Their  breadth  has  been  measured,  their  length 
scanned,    their    depth    sounded    and    their    productiveness 


ON  THE  SHORES  OF  THE  GREAT  SALT  LAKE. 

tested.     They  all   possess   the   qualities   that   insure  their 
endurance  through  the  long  future.    The  soil  of  the  imme- 


6o 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


diate  and  surrounding  country,  touched  by  the  magic  wand 
of  modern  Irrigation,  is  made  to  yield  almost  everything 


KORT   UOfl.l    U      MILITARY    POST    NKAR    SALT    I.AKK    CITY. 


husbandman  is  being  made  to  y  ield  as  never  before 
in  its  history.  Great  sugar  factories  have  reared  them- 
selves upon  the  right  and  left,  and  all  have  prospered 
and  sown  the  seeds  of  progress  in  their  wake.  While 
Utah  in  general  is  the  beneficiary  of  all  this,  Salt  Lake 
Is  so  in  particular. 

The  foregoing  are  merely  a  few  of  the  things  that 
go  to  make  Salt  Lake  the  city  of  strength  that  it  IB, 
and  that  it  will  always  be.  There  are  others  of  minor 
importance  yet  substantial  in  their  nature  that  add 
their  mite,  but  those  are  the  main  ones  and  sufficient 
to  show  the  stranger  how  fortunately  independent  Salt 
Lake  City  is.  aside  from  the  unequalled  position  it  oc- 
cupies as  the  natural  trade  center  of  an  area  of  such 
mammoth  proportions  as  have  been  heretofore  re- 
ferred to.  Meanwhile  it  will  be  well  to  remember  that 
as  all  roads  lead  to  Rome,  so  do  all  the  avenues  of 
intermountain  business  lead  to  Salt  Lake. 

ESSENTIALLY   A   CITY   OF   HOMES. 
The    number    of  people  owning  their  homes  is  said 
to   be   larger    in  Salt  Lake  than  in  any  city  of  the  same 
size   In   the   country.     No  city  on  the  continent  shows  a 


IHK  SALT  PALACE. 

that  is  necessary  or  good  for  man's  happiness  and 
prosperity.  Flocks  and  herds  roam  upon  thousands 
of  hills  and  even  the  forbidding  desert  wastes  afford 
the  best  of  winter  range  for  sheep  that  aggregate 
great  number*  and  produce  Immense  wealth.  And 
the  steep,  corrugated  mountain  chains  that  encircle 
the  values  of  fair  Utah,  what  of  them?  They  aid  pour- 
Ing  forth  their  streams  of  gold  and  silver,  of  copper 
and  lead  and  other  metals,  the  richness  of  which  is 
being  absorbed  Into  the  common  trade  life  until  the 
glow  of  commercial  health  Is  evident  everywhere. 
Proofs  of  this  are  seen  on  every  hand.  Employment 
for  all  who  want  It;  new  business  blacks  and  hand- 
some residences:  public  Improvements;  all  attest  the 
substantiality  of  the  resources  that  feed  the  City  of 
the  Saints.  The  pwman<-M' >  »f  i  IK-MI-  resources  Is  un- 
<>nable.  The  mln<*»  that  have  been  making  nn-n 
rii  h  beyond  the  dreams  of  avarice  In  the  past,  are 
Mtlll  producing  treasure  for  the  benefit  of  present  as 
well  as  future  generations.  The  mines  that  were  only 
prospects  a  short  time  ago  have  joined  the  ranks  of 
the  dividend-payers,  and  still  others  are  falling  Into  line,  more  varied  or  pleasing  style  of  architecture.  Brick  and  stone 
while  the  fallow  earth  that  Is  turned  and  tilled  by  the  are  the  principal  materials  used,  and  these  are  of  the  very 


'.K  \\  I     OK    HKK.H  \\l    ^  I 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


61 


best  quality.  The  color  is  whatever  the  builder  desires. 
The  old  Pioneer  homes  are  well-nigh  things  of  the  past, 
though  one  stands  out  here  and  there  as  a  reminder  of 
some  almost  forgotten  object  or  character, 
linking  bygone  days  with  those  of  the  pres- 
ent, and  contrasting  that  which  is  with  that 
which  was.  The  new  era  is  now  here,  and 
it  is  here  to  remain.  The  humble  abodes 
of  the  laborer  and  artisan  are  being  equipped 
with  the  conveniences  of  modern  domestic 
life.  The  palatial  dwelling  places  of  the  mine- 
owner,  the  business  man  and  the  stock  raiser 
are  of  the  best  types  and  are  so  numerous 
as  to  at  once  attract  attention.  It  is  not 
strange  that  it  should  be  a  city  of  homes. 
It  would  be  strange  if  it  were  not.  It  has 
all  of  the  qualities  to  make  it  so,  and  has 
fewer  disadvantages  than  any  sister  city.  In 
fact,  these  are  reduced  to  such  a  minimum 
that  it  may  be  said  that  they  do  not  exist 
at  all. 

ADVANTAGES    AND    ATTRACTIONS. 

If    a    climate    is    wanted    that    will    give 
health  and   prolong  life   it   is  here.    If  sunny 
skies   and    bright    days    are    a   charm    worth 
seeking  for  and  enjoying,  they  can  be  found 
here  in  all  their  radiance  and  glory.    If  consumption's  bony 
fingers  point  at  you,  the  ozone  of  this  region  will  do  as 
much  for  you  as  that  of  any  on  the  globe.     If  you  have 
rheumatism,  the  thermal  springs  and  mineral  waters  that 
bubble  and  boil  and  come  to  the  surface  both  within  and 
without  the  city,  will  straighten  your  back,  take  the  halt 
out    of    your    walk     and     make     you     young     again.       If 


you  have  any  of  the  ills  that  saline  bathing  will 
benefit  there  is  no  place  on  earth  where  such 
ablutions  can  be  had  so  easily,  cheaply  and  enjoyably  as 


RESIDENCE  OF  HON.  THOMAS  KEARNS. 


"AMELIA    PALACE. " 
Residence  of  Colonel  and   Mrs.   E.  F.   Holmes. 

on  the  bosom  and  in  the  waves  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  only 
a  few  miles  distant,  where  you  will  learn  to  your  astonish- 
ment that  you  are  floatable  and  unsinkable.  If  you  admire 
mountain  scenery  and  love  to  wander  in  canyons  that  rival 
the  great  gorges  of  the  Alps  in  their  beauty  and  grandeur, 
they  are  at  the  city's  very  door.  If  in  those  days  farthest 
removed  from  winter's  cold  you  would  experience  the 

novelty  of  standing  on  the 
steps  of  your  home  in  the 
valley  and  glancing  upward 
toward  the  towering  peaks  of 
the  Wasatch  Range,  view  the 
drifts  of  snow  that  are  all 
but  everlasting,  you  may  real- 
ize that  delight  also.  If  in 
the  brief  space  of  an  hour 
or  two  you  would  hie  yourself 
from  the  city's  heat  in  mid- 
summer to  live  among  the 
pines  and  rocks  and  rare  wild 
flowers  where  these  snow- 
drifts abound,  and  down 
which  you  can  toboggan  with 
a  rapidity  far  more  thrilling 
than  safe,  and  where  at  night 
time  you  must  kindle  a  camp 
fire  and  wrap  yourself  in 
robes  of  extra  weight  to  keep 
your  blood  at  comfortable 
temperature,  that  ecstatic 
pleasure  is  likewise  most  easy 
to  obtain.  If  you  would  be- 
hold sunsets  that  inspire,  en- 
thrall, transfix,  then  turn 
your  eyes  westward  from 
the  city  any  afternoon  of  sum- 
mer or  autumn,  across  the 


62 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


placid  waves  of  the  mysterious  inland  sea,  that  lies,  the 
wonder  of  the  world,  four  thousand  feet  above  the  ocean 
k'vcls.  ,ind  gaze  upon  the  glory  of  a  spectacle  that  artists 
cannot  paint  or  word  builders  describe.  If  the  Creator  has 
endowed  you  with  a  fancy  and  a  love  for  the  beautiful,  you 


WM.   MtlNTYRE'S   RKMIIKM  I 

will  never  forget  the  sight.  You  may  have  seen  sunsets 
elsewhere,  but  none  like  these.  As  the  great  orb  of  day 
dips  lower  and  lower  towards  the  horizon  It  would  seem 
that  nature's  laboratory  has  been  ransacked  for  agencies 
that  will  cast  upon  ethereal  canvas  colors  so  deep,  tints 
BO  dainty,  so  subtle,  so  miraculously  blendful,  that  one  is 
almost  made  to  feel  that  the  Artist  of  All  Artists  is  permit- 
ting us  to  look  upon  a  picture 
taken  from  the  gallery  of  the 
Infinite.  And  thus  we  watch 
the  sun  as  be  enacts  before 
our  astonished  eyes  the  delu- 
sive performance  of  plunging 
Into  the  depths  of  the  lake 
behind  one  of  a  score  of  Isl- 
ands that  shut  out  the  last 
lingering  rays  of  his  light 
each  day  In  the  year.  In  an 
hour  an  entrancing  twilight 
has  succeeded  the  all  too- 
fleeting  display  of  color  cre- 
ation, and  dark,  heavy  shad- 
ows have  followed  the  twi- 
light. Then  all  Is  over  until 
the  morrow,  when  the  same 
magic  panorama  may  again 
be  seen,  but  with  a  world  of 
bewildering  variations. 

EDUCATIONAL      AND      SO- 
CIAL     SUPERIORITY. 

The  educational  and  aortal 
advantages  of  Salt  I-ake  City 
are  generally  recognized.  The 
public  school  system  alone 
has  property  valued  at  more 
than  $1.600.000.  exclusive  at 


the  State  University,  a  great  and  growing  institu- 
tion itself.  Besides  these  all  of  the  leading  churches  have 
schools  and  colleges  of  different  kinds.  The  number  of 
at  this  writing  (1902)  is  in  excess  of  16,000.  The  compulsory 
school  age  is  from  6  to  18  years.  The  public  schools  have 
attained  a  high  standard  of  proficiency  and 
are  among  the  very  best  In  the  country.  The 
buildings  are  modern  and  up  to  date  in  all 
respects.  The  well-to-do  of  other  States  have 
not  been  slow  to  seize  upon  the  fact  that 
this  is  an  educational  center,  and  many  are 
coming  here  to  live  on  that  account,  while 
others  are  sending  their  children  hither  to 
be  educated.  Then  social  advantages  are  all 
that  can  be  .desired.  There  is  a  moral  and 
wholesome  atmosphere  and  a  friendly  and 
liberal  minded  people,  among  whom  it  is 
good  to  dwell. 

Salt  Lake  is  the  undisputed  amusement 
Mecca  of  the  West.  The  best  that  the  dra- 
matic art  can  afford  may  usually  be  witnessed 
here.  In  matters  musical  the  Utah  metrop- 
olis is  entitled  to  a  place  in  the  front  ranks. 
That  is  where  it  clearly  belongs.  Its  great 
Tabernacle  choir;  its  far-famed  organ;  its 
^^^^^^  male  voice  clubs;  Its  Ladies'  Chorus;  its  solo 
song-birds;  its  composers,  orchestras,  conduc- 
tors and  general  musical  standing,  all  attest 
that  fact. 

POPULATION    AND    MUNICIPAL    PROGRESS. 

The  population  of  Salt  Lake  City  is  about  65.000.  Its 
public  edifices,  chief  of  which  is  the  joint  City  and  County 
Building,  is  one  of  which  any  city  several  times  Its  size 
might  well  be  proud.  The  principal  and  most  elaborately 
Improved  park  is  Liberty  Park,  although  there  are  others 


or  A.  w.  w.  i  i  •. » 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


whose  natural  advantages  will  make  them  places  of  beauty 
in  the  days  to  come.  Business  streets  paved  with  Utah 
asphaltum;  two  hundred  miles  of  modern,  up-to-date  rail- 


walls;  the  many  other  church  buildings  of  unique  distinc- 
tion; Saltair,  the  most  famous  inland  bathing  resort  in  the 
world;  its  picturesque  Salt  Palace;  the  historic  Salt  Lake 
Theater;  the  famous  Lion  and  Beehive  Houses;  the  tithing 


AN   ARCHITECTURAL   c;EM. 

way  lines;  more  than  one  hundred  miles  of  stream-fringed 
and  shady  streets  132  feet  wide;  bank  clearances  of  nearly 
two  hundred  million  dollars  per  annum;  a  death  rate  of 
only  9.77  per  1,000;  a  sewerage  system  of  high  excellence 
and  a  successfully  operated  sewer  farm;  great  gold,  silver, 
copper,  lead,  iron  and  coal  mines  close  at  hand — these  are 
some  of  the  gifts  and  blessings  enjoyed  by  Salt  Lake  City. 
As  points  of  particular  interest  to  the  stranger  it  has  the 


THE  STATUE  OF  THE  ANGEL  MORONI, 
SURMOUNTING  THE  GREAT  "MORMON"  TEMPLE. 


offices  of  the  Mormon  Church;  hot  sulphur  springs;  Fort 
Douglas,  the  United  States  military  post;  the  magnificent 
residences;  the  Eagle  Gate;  the  sarcophagus  of  Brigham 


RESIDENCE   OF    WILLIAM    S.    McCORNICK. 


Great  Salt  Lake  already  referred  to;  the  Mormon  Temple 
that  was  forty  years  in  course  of  construction;  the  mighty 
domed-roof  Tabernacle;  the  organ  of  all  organs  within  its 


Young,  and,  standing  at  the  head  of  the  main  business 
street,  the  great  Monument  to  the  Pioneers  who,  in  1847, 
laid  the  foundations  of  "The  City  of  the  Saints." 


COMMIRCIAL    BLOCK.         SOME    I  M  P<  >M  S  f  .    <  >l  H(   I     Bl   II.OIMiS. 
MiCORNICK  BLOCK.  DOOLY   BLOCK. 


D«RR*T  Nt  W>  «I-|I.I>I  \.. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


City  and  State  in  a  Nutshell. 


WHAT   THE   CITY   HAS. 


A  population  of  65,000. 

An  unexcelled  free  school  system. 

A  splendid,  unshaken  business  record. 

An  assessed  valuation  (1902)  of  $34,505.148. 

A  city  taxation  rate  (1902)  of  $3.19  per  $100. 

A   bank  clearing  record  (1901)  of  $180,937,43  1.21. 

Fourteen   banks  with  deposits  of  more  than  $30,000,000. 

Excellent    railroad    facilities    to    points    both    far  and  near. 

Good  local  and  export  markets  for  the  products  of  her  people. 

Broader  streets  than  any  other  city  on  the  American  continent. 

The  "fastest"  and  best  bicycle  racing  track    that  was    ever    built. 

Famous  hot  springs,  salt  water  and  mineral  baths  and  a  big  sanitarium. 

Lowest  death  rate  of  any  of  the  large  cities  —  only  nine  per  one  thousand. 

Numerous  imposing  church  edifices  of   all  the    leading    Christian    sects. 

An  up-to-date  public  library,   literary  and    social    clubs    and    art   societies. 

Two  evening  and  two  morning  newspapers  and  other  publications  of  merit. 

A  world  renowned  Tabernacle  and  the  grandest  pipe  organ  that  was  ever  built. 

A  glittering    palace    of   salt,    one    of   the    most    unique    buildings    in    the  country. 

A  regular  unpaid  Church  choir  (Mormon)  of  more  than   500  male  and  female  voices. 

The    great    "Mormon"   Temple  which  was   forty  years    in  building  and    which    cost 

$3,467,118. 
A  municipal  and  county  building  which  has  no  counterpart  west  of  the  Mississippi  — 

cost  $1,000,000. 
Magnificent  mountain  chains,  pure  water,  matchless  climate  and    bathing  resorts  that 

are  without  equals. 
A  school  population  of  16,000  children  between  the  ages    of  six   and  eighteen  years 

and  $2,000,000  worth  of  school  property. 
A    waterworks    system    that    belongs    to    the    taxpayers.       Seventy-eight    miles    of  a 

thoroughly   modern  street  railroad. 
A  telephone  system  with  more  than   5,000  miles  of  wire    3,500    business    house  and 

residence  telephones  and  patrons. 
Great  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  iron  and  coal  mines  and  marble,  onyx  and  the  best 

of  building  stone  quarries  at  her  very  doors. 
A  mean  temperature  of  51    2-10    degrees;    extreme  high    temperature  of  98   degrees, 

and  an  even  zero  record  for    the    lowest    temperature  and  an  average  of  61    per 

cent,  of  possible  sunshine. 


REPRESENTATIVE  SCHOOLS  IN  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE  67 

UTAH'S  POPULATION,  ASSESSMENTS  AND  PRODUCTS. 


Population  of  Utah  in    igoo. 


As  Per  Government  Census. 


Beaver 3,613 

Boxelder  10,009 

Cache 18,139 


Carbon  . 
Davis  . . 
Emery  . 
Garfield 
Grand  . . 
Iron  . 


5,004 

7,996 

4,657 

3,400 

1,149 

3,546 

Juab  10,082 


Kane    . . 
Millard 
Morgan 
Piute    .. 
Rich   . 


1,811 
5,678 
2,045 
1,954 
1,946 


Salt  Lake  77,725 

San  Juan 1,023 

Sanpete 16,313 

Sevier    8,451 

Summit  9,439 

Tooele   7,361 

Uintah  6,458 

Utah 32,456 

Wasatch   4,736 

Washington   4,612 

Wayne  1,907 

Weber   25,239 


Total    276,749 


State's  Assessment  by  Counties. 


COUNTY  1901 

Beaver   $     1,174,153         $     1,245,678      Rich 


Boxelder 
Cache   . . . 
Carbon   . 
Davis    .  . 
Emery    . 
Garfield 
Grand   . . 
Iron 
Juab 
Kane 
Millard   . 
Morgan  . 
Piute  . 


5,188,707 
5.642,392 
1,794,971 
3,755,201 
1,324,873 

701,658 
1,068,493 
1,137,657 
4,080,627 

544,867 
2.127,480 

888,098 

571,828 


1902 
1,245,678 

COUNTY 

Rich    .      . 

5,872,264 

Salt  Lake 

6,101,837 

San  Juan  

1,941,764 

Sanpete 

3,978,166 

Sevier 

1,459,666 

Summit   

743,310 

Tooele 

1,121,905 

Uintah 

1.258,612 

Utah   

3,692,268 

Wasatch 

Washington 

968  555 

Wayne    

791  231 

Weber 

41 

4 
2 
5 
2 
1 

10 
1 


11 


1901 

911,010 
028,353 
312,983 
,690,681 
.029,349 
,041,796 
695,243 
,234,423 
,693,494 
,382,582 
812.484 
346,550 
.251,402 


1902 

817,140 

42,495,355 

300,014 

4,609,917 

2,162,838 

6,515,991 

2,590,475 

1,216,919 

11,204,545 

1,409,222 

806,127 

343,855 

11,993,839 


Utah's   Products  in    1901 


Gold    $3,817,420 

Silver   6,801,816 

Lead   3,210,967 

Copper   3,750,254 

Sheep  and  Wool 4,200,000 

Cattle,  Horses  and  Hogs 3,260,500 

Wheat 2,750,000 

Hay   5,000,000 

Dairy  Products 2,000,000 


Fruit  800,000 

Other  Farm  Products  1,710,000 

Coal 3,467,180 

Manufactures  9,000,000 

Beet  Sugar  1,760,000 

Asphaltum   200,000 

Miscellaneous    1,500,000 


Total  153,228,137 


68 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


UTAH    LIGHT   AND   POWER   COMPANY. 


THE  system  now  owned  and  operated  by  the  Utah  Light 
and  Power  Company  comprises  three  water-power 
plants,  80  miles  of  high-tension  transmission  lines, 
and  also  light  and  power  distribution  apparatus  in  and  near 
Salt  Lake  City  and  Ogden,  together  with  one  sub-station 
for  supplying  the  Salt  Lake  City  Railroad,  and  some  re- 
serve steam  plants.  Probably  In  no  other  city  of  its  size  in 
the  United  States  has  electrically  transmitted  power 
reached  such  a  relatively  important  place  in  the  com- 
munity as  at  Salt  Lake  City.  The  development  not  only 
started  early,  but  has  been  very  rapid.  The  snow-fed 
mountain  streams  of  the  Wasatch  range  to  the  east  of 
Salt.  Lake  Valley  offered  opportunities  to  the  hydraulic 


gether  with  the  third  plant,  as  parts  of  one  complete  and 
comprehensive  system,  covering  a  district  extending  north 
and  south  about  sixty  miles,  including  Ogden,  Salt  Lake 
City  and  a  district  thirteen  miles  south  of  the  latter  place, 
including  some  large  smelters. 

The  company  is  now  about  to  commence  the  construc- 
tion of  a  large  dam  in  the  Ogden  Canyon,  which  will  form 
a  storage  reservoir  for  the  flood  waters.  The  reservoir  so 
constructed  will  have  a  tot^l  capacity  of  about  2,000,000,000 
cubic  feet  of  water,  and  will  be  used  for  both  irrigating 
and  power  purposes.  When  this  reservoir  is  constructed 
the  Ogden  power  house  will  have  a  maximum  capacity  of 
8,500  horse  power.  The  plant  will  then  be  completed  as 


LAKH  BI.ANCIIK. 


MID  THE  MOUNTAINS  OF  UTAH 

DKAI>   MAN'^   FAI  I  •». 


and  electrical  engineer  which  have  not  been  neglected.  To 
understand  the  situation,  a  short  historical  review  will  be 
necessary.  Although  coal  Is  not  excessively  high,  being* 
from  (2.60  a  ton  for  slack  to  f4.50  for  best  lump,  the  prox- 
imity of  water-power  with  high  head  to  such  a  market  as 
Salt  Lake  City  and  Its  surrounding  smelters  and  other 
power-consuming  Industries,  led  to  the  erection  several 
yearn  ago  of  three  different  water-|K>wer  plants  by  three 
different  companies.  The  Big  Cottonwood  Power  Com- 
pany completed  a  plant  In  the  Big  Cottonwool  Canyon 
fourteen  mile*  noiitheast  of  Salt  Lake  City.  In  June,  1896. 
Tln<  Pioneer  Klcctrlc  Power  Company  started  its  plant  In 
Ogden  Canyon,  near  Ogdon.  thirty  seven  miles  from  Salt 
1-ake  City.  In  July,  1897.  The  Utah  Power  Company  In  1897 
built  a  plant  In  the  nig  Cottonwood  Canyon  for  transmit- 
ting power  for  the  Salt  Lake  City  Railroad.  The  first  two 
of  these  plants  finally  consolidated  with  the  electric  light- 
ing Interests  of  Salt  Ijikc  City,  and  are  now  operated,  to- 


il was  originally  designed,  and  will  be  the  finest  In  the 
Intormountaln  region.  When  this  dam  Is  completed,  the 
transmission  line  from  Ogden  to  Salt  I.ake  will  be  dupli- 
cated In  order  to  insure  immunity  from  break-down. 

The  Big  Cottonwood  power  house  and  the  Utah  power 
house  have  each  a  maximum  capacity  of  2.000  horse  power. 
Several  improvements  are  contemplated  on  the  plants  In 
this  canyon,  which,  while  not  ln<T<>axliig  the  total  power 
to  any  great  extent,  will  render  the  plants  absolutely  re- 
liable under  all  the  varying  conditions  that  have  been 
tniiini  to  occur  In  the  Cottonwood  Canon. 

The  power  Is  being  transmitted  from  Ogden  at  16.000 
volts,  and  from  the  Cottonwood  Canyon  at  12.000  volts. 
Certain  changes  are  now  being  carried  out.  and  when  these 
are  completed  the  whole  transmission  system  will  be  op- 
erated at  28.000  volts.  These  Improvements  will  reduce 
losses  to  a  minimum,  and  will  enable  the  company  to  ob- 
tain not  only  creator  efficiency  from  all  the  plants,  but 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


69 


also  to  give  a  more  reliable  service  under  all  conditions. 

In  Salt  Lake  City  the  company  have  now  three  reserve 
steam  plants  of  an  aggregate  capacity  of  2,000  horse 
power.  These  plants  are  used  in  case  of  emergency  and 
to  supply  any  shortage  of  power  cause  by  a  break-down  or 
other  accidents  at  the  power  houses  in  the  canyons. 

The  company's  engineers  have  designed  an  en- 
tirely new  station  built  in  the  west  end  of  the  city. 
This  station  is  eventually  to  place  the  several  sub-sta- 
tions and  auxiliary  steam  plants  in  Salt  Lake  City.  It  is 


end  of  the  city,  where  there  is  every  facility  for  the  de- 
livery of  coal.  The  plant  at  present  has  a  capacity  of 
400,000  cubic  feet  per  day,  and  is  a  mixed  coal  and  water 
plant,  so  designed  that  either  or  both  systems  can  be  use'd 
in  the  manufacture  of  gas  at  any  time.  Designs  have  been 
made  for  the  extension  of  this  plant  as  the  demand  for  gas 
increases,  up  to  a  capacity  of  1,000,000  cubic  feet  per  day. 
Considerable  work  has  been  done  during  the  past  year,  and 
all  work  that  is  being  carried  out  is  in  line  with  the  gen- 
eral design,  so  that  in  a  comparatively  short  time  the  com- 


I.\KI    LILLIAN. 


AMID  THE  LAKES  AND  PINES. 

AMERICAN  FORK  CANYON. 


LAKE  PHOEBE. 


the  most  modern  and  economical  generating  and  dis- 
tributing station  that  can  be  built.  It  will  be  used,  first, 
as  a  receiving  station  for  all  high-tension  transmission  cir- 
cuits; second,  as  a  distributing  station  for  the  light,  power 
and  street  railway  circuits  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and,  third,  as 
an  auxiliary  generating  station  to  be  used  in  case  of  break- 
down of  the  water  power  plants  or  transmission  lines. 
The  company  also  owns  quite  an  extensive  gas  plant 
in  Salt  Lake  City;  also  a  smaller  plant  in  Ogden  City.  In 
Salt  Lake  there  are  about  thirty  miles  of  gas  mains.  The 
works  are  located  in  a  two  and  a  half-acre  lot  in  the  west 


pany's  plant  will  be  absolutely  modern  in  every  respect. 

The  personnel  of  the  administrative  staff  and  manage- 
ment of  the  company  is  as  follows:  Hon.  Joseph  F. 
Smith,  president;  Colonel  John  R.  Winder,  first  vice  presi- 
dent; Col.  Thomas  G.  Webber,  second  vice  president;  Mr. 
L.  S.  Hills,  treasurer;  each  of  whom,  with  the  following 
gentlemen  is  a  director:  Rudger  Clawson,  John  J.  Banigan, 
W.  S.  McCornick,  William  J.  Curtis  and  George  Romney. 

Judge  LeGrand  Young  is  the  company's  general  coun- 
sel, R.  S.  Campbell,  secretary  and  general  manager,  and 
R.  F.  Hayward,  electrical  engineer. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


Z.  C.  M.  I. 

A   Great   Establishment  of   Immense   Public   Benefit. 


MERCANTILE  co-operation  is  a  topic  familiar  to  econo- 
mists both  in  Europe  and  in  America.    It  has  been 
closely  associated  with  the  development  of  Utah,  and 
has  been  commented  upon  by  tourists  and  travelers  and  writ- 
ers who  have  visited  the  great  West.  Co-operative  efforts 
have  distinguished  the  settlement  and  the  building  up  of  the 
country  now  Included  in  the  flourishing  State  of  Utah,  and 
their  effects  are  seen   in  the   numerous   irrigation   works 
and  agricultural  and  other  industrial  interests  in  that  re- 


divided  among  the  stockholders,  who  would  thus  obtain 
goods  at  low  figures  and  share  in  the  results  of  the  busi- 
ness conducted.  A  number  of  merchants  who  had  been 
successful  took  stock  in  the  enterprise,  and  some  of  them 
disposed  of  their  stocks  of  merchandise  to  the  institution 
on  reasonable  terms. 

Business  was  commenced  in  March,  1869,  and  the  flrst 
year's  sales  reached  the  sum  of  $582,750.  The  success 
of  the  institution  has  been  rapid  from  the  start.  Panics 


/ION'S  CO-OPERATIVE  MKRCANTILK   INSTITUTION. 


Klon.  The  success  achieved  by  co-operation  In  those  di- 
rections, suggested  to  the  groat  Mormon  leader  and  pio- 
neer, Brlgham  Young,  the  application  of  the  principle  to 
mercantile  and  manufacturing  pursuits.  Under  his  super- 
vision, Zlon's  Co-operative  Mercantile  Institution  was  pro- 
jected. It  wa«  organized  October  16.  1868.  The  purpose 
In  rlew  was  the  regulation  of  trade  for  the  benefit  of  the 
entire  rommunlty.  All  the  people  were  Invited  to  Invent 
In  Its  capital  stock,  which  was  then  placed  at  $500.000. 
Hy  becoming  partners  In  the  business  of  the  Institution. 
they  would  naturally  be  imlin..|  In  innke  their  purchases 
there.  Goods  were  to  be  bought  at  flrst  hands.  In  the 
best  markets  and.  where  practicable,  of  the  manufacturers, 
•nd  sold  at  rate*  to  give  a  reasonable  profit,  this  to  be 


have  not  affected  It.  Its  credit  has  stood  Arm  and  first- 
class  from  the  beginning.  It  has  long  been  placed  upon 
a  cash  basis,  purchasing  at  flrst  cost  and  obtaining  the 
benefits  resulting  from  cash  payments  Its  business  has 
radiated  to  all  points  from  the  center  establishment.  Its 
annual  sales  are  close  upon  $4.000.000.  It  has  paid  cash 
dividends  to  stockholders  of  $2.668.778.  besides  stock  divi- 
dends to  the  amount  of  $415.000.  One  thousand  dollars 
Invested  In  Z.  C.  M.  I..  March.  1S69,  has  accumulated  to 
the  value  ••(  $2.<M4. 30.  besides  bringing  to  Its  owner  $4.- 
838.05  In  cash  dividends.  A  reserve  fund  has  also  been 
maintained  which  now  amounts  to  $400.000. 

The   Institution   was  flrst   Incorporated   In   1870.  for  a 
period  of  twenty-five  years.     The  business  was  extended 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


to  different  points  for  wholesaling  to  near-by  stores,  and 
branch  institutions  were  established  at  Ogden  and  Prove 
in  Utah,  and  also  at  Idaho  Falls,  Idaho.  These  estab- 
lishments are  doing  a  flourishing  business.  The  period  of 
the  first  incorporation  having  expired  in  1895,  Z.  C.  M.  I. 
was  re-incorporated  in  September  of  that  year,  for  fifty 
yeais  with  a  capital  of  $1,077,000.  Stock  in  the  institu- 
tion is  now  difficult  to  obtain,  as  it  stands  at  a  high  pre- 
mium and  no  corporation  in  the  whole  Western  slope  has 
a  better  reputation  in  the  world  of  commerce  and  finance 
than  is  borne  by  this  flourishing  institution. 

The  premises  occupied  by  this  institution  were  orig- 
inally erected  in  1875,  the  structure  extending  100  feet  in 
frontage  on  the  principal  business  street  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
and  running  eastward  330  feet,  three  stories  high  with  a 
stone  basement.  It  is  built  of  brick  with  iron  front.  This 
has  now  been  extended  until  the  frontage  on  Main  street 
reaches  160  feet.  Extending  from  the  rear  of  the  store 
northward  to  South  Temple  street,  is  a  brick  building  of 
four  stories  and  basement  with  a  frontage  of  fifty  feet, 
occupied  by  Z.  C.  M.  I.  shoe  factory,  where  overalls,  duck 
clothing  and  men's  shirts  are  manufactured  as  well  as 
boots  and  shoes.  It  is  supplied  with  the  latest  and  most 
improved  machinery  under  experienced  and  skillful  man- 
agement. The  floor  space  of  the  general  store  aggregates 
175,000  square  feet,  and  the  factory  45,000  square  feet. 
The  ground  floor  of  this  mercantile  bazaar  is  devoted  to 
the  various  departments  of  its  retail  business.  Almost 
every  article  of  ordinary  merchandise  is  there  to  be  ob- 
tained, each  class  of  goods  being  arranged  in  order,  thus 
making  it  in  every  respect  what  is  known  as  a  depart- 
ment store,  attended  by  courteous  clerks  under  expe- 
rienced supervision. 

The  floor  above  contains  dry  goods,  notions,  shelf 
hardware  and  grocery  samples  for  the  wholesale  trade, 
also  tlephone  rooms  anil  the  general  offices  of  the  insti- 
tution. The  floor  still  higher  is  used  for  wholesale  cloth- 
ing and  men's  furnishing  goods,  china,  glassware,  crock- 
ery, tinware  and  other  similar  classes  of  wares,  and  also 
has  packing  and  invoice  rooms. 

The  roof  is  so  arranged  as  to  throw  light  down  through 
openings  on  each  of  the  upper  floors,  so  that  the  whole 
building  is  finely  lighted  from  above  in  the  day  time.  It 
is  amply  supplied  with  electric  lights  for  night  illumina- 
tion. Easy  communication  can  be  had  throughout  the 
premises  by  elevators  and  stairways,  and  a  trolley  system 
is  used  for  the  conveyance  of  retail  purchases  and  cash 
to  the  wrapping  rooms  and  offices.  Splendid  modern  show 
windows,  which  have  been  recently  placed  in  the  front 
of  the  premises,  give  an  elegant  appearance  to  the  stab- 
lishment,  and  afford  opportunity  for  the  display  of  at- 
tractive samples,  and  are  as  fine  as  any  that  may  be  seen 
in  very  much  larger  cities,  East  or  West.  Throngs  of 
spectators  gather  around  these  windows  on  the  outside, 
while  business  on  the  inside  keeps  up  a  continual  flow  of 
humanity  from  morning  till  eve.  The  factory  has  a  ca- 
pacity for  turning  out  five  hundred  pairs  of  boots  and 
shoes  per  day,  and  one  hundred  dozen  pairs  of  overalls. 
These  goods  are  noted  throughout  Utah  and  the  sur- 
rounding states  for  their  excellence  of  material  and  hon- 
esty of  workmanship.  The  Z.  C.  M.  I.  brand  is  a  certifi- 
cate of  their  quality  throughout  the  mining  camps,  anfl 
every  section  where  they  are  in  use.  The  institution  has 
its  own  electric  light  plant  and  has  recently  attached 
smoke-oonsumers  to  its  furnaces.  A  drug  department  has 
been  in  successful  operation  for  many  years,  furnishing 
goods  at  wholesale  and  retail  and  manufacturing  all  kinds 


of  essences  and  flavoring  extracts.  It  occupies  a  separate 
building  on  the  Main  street  of  the  city  between  First  and 
Second  South  streets. 

There  are  275  persons  employed  in  the  main  store  of 
the  institution,  and  from  150  to  200  in  the  factory,  and 
the  payroll  covers  at  least  $23,000  per  month.  There  are 
a  corps  of  traveling  salesmen  employed  by  the  institution 
who  visit  the  chief  places  of  business  on  the  Western  slope 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  thus  extend  the  great  whole- 
sale trade  of  the  institution.  The  buyers  for  this  estab- 
lishment are  experts,  and  as  purchases  are  usually  made 
in  carload  lots,  the  great  freight  business  is  carried  on 
with  the  railroads  and  many  teams,  drays  and  wagons  be- 
longing to  the  institution  are  kept  in  constant  employ. 

The  officers  and  directors  of  Z.  C.  M.  I.  are  the  fol- 
lowing well-known  and  prominent  gentlemen,  recognized 
everywhere  as  stable  business  men  of  sound  financial 
standing  and  long  experience  as  men  of  affairs:  President, 
Joseph  F.  Smith;  Vice-President,  George  Romney;  Sec- 
retary and  General  Superintendent,  T.  G.  Webber;  Treas- 
urer, A.  W.  Carlson;  Directors,  Heber  J.  Grant,  John  R. 
Winder,  H.  Dinwoodey,  J.  R.  Barnes,  F.  M.  Lyman,  P.  T. 
Farnsworth,  John  Henry  Smith,  Anthon  H.  Lund,  Wil- 
liam H.  Mclntyre,  Reed  Smoot  and  T.  G.  Webber.  The 
names  of  all  these  gentlemen  are  associated  with  many 
other  great  enterprises  in  the  State  of  Utah.  The  branch 
institution  at  Ogden  is  under  the  able  management  of 
John  Watson,  and  that  at  Provo  under  the  no  less  able  ad- 
ministration of  L.  O.  Taft. 

The  great  responsibility  of  the  management  of  this 
magnificent  enterprise  with  all  its  branches  and  ramifica- 
tions, rests  upon  the  shoulders  of  Col.  T.  G.  Webber,  who 
has  been  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  institution  since 
1871,  and  Secretary  and  General  Superintendent  from  1888 
until  the  present  time.  He  is  a  familiar  figure  in  all 
prominent  business  circles.  In  addition  to  the  important 
positions  he  occupies  in  Z.  C.  M.  I.,  he  is  a  Director  in 
Zion's  Savings  Bank,  the  Home  Fire  Insurance  Company 
and  the  Postal  Telegraph  Company;  President  of  Zion's 
Benefit  Building  Society,  the  Utah  Jobbers'  Association 
and  the  Salt  Lake  Public  Library;  and  Second  Vice-Pres- 
ident of  the  Utah  Light  and  Power  Company.  His  title 
as  Colonel  is  no  mere  honorary  one;  he  fough  in  the 
Union  Army  during  the  Civil  War,  and  his  name  is  a  syn- 
onym for  integrity,  caution,  firmness  and  suavity,  and  is 
known  throughout  the  business  world.  Treasurer  A.  W. 
Carlson  is  also  a  genetleman  of  culture  and  experience,  has 
traveled  extensively  in  both  hemispheres,  and  is  a  director 
in  the  Deseret  National  Bank,  Deseret  Savings  Bank,  State 
Bank  of  Utah  and  Zion's  Benefit  Building  Society. 

Z.  C.  M.  I.  has  been  of  immense  benefit  to  the  whole 
Rocky  Mountain  region.  It  has  supplied  people  of  the 
West  with  merchandise  of  all  descriptions  of  good  quality 
at  fair  prices.  It  has  prevented  "corners"  on  articles  in 
general  use,  and  which  may  be  classed  with  common  neces- 
saries. It  has  stimulated  trades  and  manufactures.  It 
has  kept  in  the  community  for  general  circulation  vast 
sums  that  would  have  otherwise  been  carried  out  to  other 
points,  to  the  depletion  of  the  currency  at  home.  It  has 
furnished  profitable  employment  to  many  hands  that  but 
for  it  would  have  been  idle.  It  has  aided  in  the  main- 
tenance of  honest  business  principles.  It  has  given  firm- 
ness to  the  financial  credit  of  the  business  of  the  state. 
It  has  shown  an  example  of  enterprise,  progress  and  the 
benefits  of  building  up  and  beautifying  the  city  and  state 
where  its  influence  chiefly  extends,  and  it  stands  as  a 
monument  to  the  foresight,  business  ability,  and  breadth  of 
mind  and  character  of  its  great  and  illustrious  founder. 


i  UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 

THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  BELL  TELEPHONE  COMPANY. 

What  It   Has  Accomplished  for  Utah,   Idaho,   Montana   and  Wyoming. 


OF  THE  many  characteristics  of  the  Great  West  per- 
haps none  are  more  prominent  than  its  mighty  dis- 
tances.   The  territory  is  so  vast,  and  the  population 
so  small  In  comparison.    Its  enormous  resources  could  only 
be  known  and  marketed  when  these  distances  were  over- 
come. 

Through  the  agency  of  railroads  and  the  telegraph  this 
was  in  great  part  accomplished,  and  a  quarter  of  a  century 
saw  the  West  develop  as  did  never  country  develop  before; 
but  It  was  not  until  the  advent  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bell 


have  known  the  West  from  Its  infancy,  and  its  physical 
and  economic  characteristics  have  been  thoroughly  studied 
and  understood.  To  them  a  telephone  system  covering 
the  whole  inter-mountain  country  seemed  a  necessity,  and 
with  a  proper  regard  to  the  peculiar  conditions  it  appeared 
to  be,  and  has  proved  to  be.  a  business  success.  George  Y. 
Wallace,  President,  crossed  the  Missouri  River  forty  years 
ago,  and  is  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  whole  inter- 
mountain  territory.  Major  George  M.  Downey.  Vice-Presi- 
dent, is  a  retired  army  officer,  and  scouted  over  the  country 


GIU.  V.  WAI.I.AI  K 


DIRECTORS    OF    THE    ROCKY     MOUNTAIN    BELL    TELEPHONE    COMPANY. 
D.  S.  Mt'KKAV         GBO.  M.  DOWNKY  H.  C.  Hn  I  TM<-*.  MANMIAI  i 


W.  S.    Me  L.'KKI,   K 


Telephone  Company  that  these  seemingly  impossible  dis- 
tances became  as  nothing  at  all. 

In  compiling  this  work  the  Deseret  News  cannot  omit 
an  account  of  this  Company  and  Its  indispensable  part  In 
developing  Utah,  the  Inland  Empire. 

It  was  Indeed  a  resolute  body  of  men  who  first  dared 
to  contemplate  a  telephone  system  covering  this  most  Inac- 
cessible territory  of  the  United  States,  where  communiti<-* 
•re  so  far  separated,  through  a  region  but  sparsely  settled. 
A  personal  experience  alone  can  convey  some  conception 
of  the  endless  barren  miles  between  man  and  his  neighbor, 
between  settlement  and  city;  yet  today  the  lines  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Telephone  Company  connect  the 
remotest  corners  of  the  four  great  States,  Utah.  Idaho. 
Montana  and  Wyoming,  and  the  Company  Is  listed  as  one 
of  the  strongest  and  most  successful  Industrial  enterprise* 
west  of  Chicago. 

A  glance  at  the  personnel  of  the  management  goes  far 
to  explain  the  Company's  success  and  standing.  These  men 


in  the  days  of  the  Red  Men.  W.  S.  McCornlck.  Treasurer, 
has  been  most  prominently  connected  with  the  finances  of 
the  West  from  the  earliest  days;  and  Major  H.  C.  Hill. 
Secretary,  has  long  been  a  resident  of  Utah.  These  gentle- 
men, with  Thomas  Marshall  and  James  Ivors  of  Salt  I,ake 
City,  C.  W.  Clark  of  Butte,  Alonzo  Hurt  of  Kansas  City 
and  C.  Jay  French  of  Boston,  constitute  the  Board  of 
Directors.  The  General  Manager,  D.  S.  Murray,  joined  the 
forces  of  the  company  when  a  youth,  and  by  his  worth 
has  attained  his  present  office.  The  excellent  physical 
condition  and  operation  of  the  company  are  In  great  part 
due  to  his  efficient  management. 

The  company  has  always  entertained  a  keen  sense  of 
Its  public  calling,  and  Its  policy  has  been  liberal  In  the 
matter  of  rates  and  extensions.  Each  year  Its  lines  are 
extended  hundreds  of  miles  to  Isolated  communities,  there- 
tofore without  outside  communication  except  the  mall  and 
stage  coach. 

An  especial  feature  of  Its  service  combines  both  the 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


73 


exchanges  and  toll  lines  under  the  one  management,  which 
enables  all  of  its  thousands  of  subscribers  to  talk  directly 
with  each  other.  This  is  an  advantage  that  can  best  be 
appreciated  when  it  is  known  that  fully  90  per  cent  of  the 
company's  toll  line  business  originates  from  the  private 
telephones  of  its  subscribers.  One  may  sit  in  his  office  and 
talk  over  400,000  square  miles  of  territory  over  the  Com- 
pany's lines. 

The  longest  one  distance  covered  in  a  direct  line  is 
from  Denver,  Colo.,  to  Spokane,  Wash.,  1,326  miles.  An- 
other line  extends  from  Northern  Montana,  near  the  Cana- 
dian border,  to  Beaver,  Utah,  a  distance  of  more  than 
800  miles.  From  Salt  Lake  City  to  Lander  in  the  center 
of  Wyoming  is  864  miles,  and  the  line  to  Huntington,  Ore- 
gon, is  over  500  miles  in  length. 

Fifteen  thousand  miles  of  toll  line  wires  are  embraced 
in  the  Company's  system.  450  cities  and  towns  are  sup- 


Montana;    Boise   City,   Idaho;    and  Ogden  and   Park  City, 
City  is  one  of  Utah's  ornaments;   and  Butte  and  Helena. 


Utah,  each  has  its  own  exchange  building.  In  Cheyenne, 
Wyoming,  a  new  building  is  now  being  erected  as  a  part 
of  this  great  system. 


'THOUGHTS  THAT  FLASH   MIDST  WIRES  AND  BELI.s 
O'ER   CRAGGY   PEAKS   AND   FLOWERY   DELLS." 


plied  with  the  best  of  modern  telephone  service.  The  policy 
of  the  management  is  to  erect  and  maintain  for  their  own 
with  each  other.  This  is  an  advantage  that  can  best  be 


use  buildings  in   each  of  the    more    important    exchange 
centers.    The  magnificent  fire-proof  structure  in  Salt  Lake 


This  brief  account  may  in  some  measure  acquaint  the 
public  with  what  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Telephone 
Company  has  accomplished  for  Utah,  Idaho,  Montana  and 
Wyoming.  No  one  human  agency  has  done  so  much  to 
accelerate  business  in  all  parts  of  the  world  as  the  tele- 
phone, and  in  the  development  of  this  Inland  Empire  the 
work  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Telephone  Company  has 
played  an  indispensable  part.  Already  the  distances  of  the 
West  have  been  overcome,  and  in  a  matter  of  months  only 
what  may  we  not  see?  Will  every  prospector  in  the  hills 
call  to  capital  below?  Will  every  rancher  follow  the  round- 
up by  telephone?  Will  the  tail  board  of  every  sheep  wagon 
carry  its  telephone  instrument?  The  light  of  the  past  is 
so  glorious  the  shadows  are  cast  far  beyond  these  things; 
and  if  they  can  be  done,  we  know  they  will  be  done  by  the 
progressive  management  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Bell  Tele- 
phone Company. 


74 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


THE   INLAND   CRYSTAL  SALT   COMPANY. 


TO  THE  tourist   who  periodically   visits   this   section 
of  the  country  Utah  holds  many  attractions.    From 
its  lofty,  snow-capped  mountains  with  their  stores 
of  precious  metals  to  the  beautiful  fertile  valleys,  reclaimed 
by  irrigation  from  desert  wastes,  there  is  one  constantly 
changing  scene  which  fascinates  and  attracts  globe-trotters, 
tourists  and   the  stranger  within   our  gates.     Among  the 
many  natural  wonders  of  this  wonderful  State  none  have 
been  more  commented  upon  than  that  magnificent  Inland 


Joseph  F.  Smith,  President;  John  Long,  of  Kansas  City. 
Vice-President ;  I.  A.  Clayton.  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and 
Nephi  W.  Clayton.  Manager.  With  these  gentlemen  as 
officers  the  new  company  at  once  contracted  for  the  erection 
of  a  thoroughly  modern  plant,  and  prepared  to  enter  the 
I'u-lii  in  earnest  as  producers  of  the  famous  product  of  this 
famous  lake.  New  machinery  was  installed,  new  and  im- 
proved ideas  introduced  and  with  the  unlimited  capital  at 
their  command  the  management  has  succeeded  in  giving 


I  ii?  t.  Klrl». 


ISLAM)    IRV-.IAL  SALT  COMPANY'.-.  PLANT. 

I  HI     KIM 


sea,  the  Great  Salt  Lake;  without  an  exception  the  largest 
salt  lake  In  this  country,  and  one  of  the  wonders  of  the 
world. 

For  many  years  after  the  settlement  of  the  productive 
land  surrounding  the  lake  no  attempt  was  mado  to  put  its 
salt  to  any  commercial  use,  although  crude  methods  were 
adopted  In  securing  such  quantities  as  were  necessary  to 
Hi--  little  settlements  of  people  along  Its  shores.  Indeed, 
not  until  1877  was  any  effort  made  to  reflnc  the  salt,  at 
which  time  a  company  known  as  the  Inland  Salt  Company 
was  formed  ami  comment f<l  operations  In  a  small  way  on 
the  site  of  the  present  refinery.  It  remained,  however,  for 
the  present  company  to  demonstrate  tin-  superiority  of  Hit- 
product  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  when  properly  reflned. 

The  Inland  Crystal  Salt  Company,  which  succeeded  to 
Hie  old  Inland  Salt  Company's  business,  was  organized  and 
Incorporated  through  the  untiring  personal  efforts  of  the 
manager.  Col.  Nephl  W.  Clayton,  who  Is  one  of  the  pioneer 
salt  men  of  the  State  and  had  long  expressed  his  confidence 
In  the  future  of  the  salt  business  when  properly  handled. 
lie  organized  and  Incorporated  the  present  company  with 
a  capital  of  one  million  dollars  during  the  year  1898.  The 
following  distinguished  officer*  compose  Its  personnel: 


to  this  city  the  proud  distinction  of  having  the  only  salt 
refinery  In  the  entire  West.  Those  who  are  in  a  position 
to  know  are  unanimous  in  declaring  the  plant  to  be  equal 
to  any  In  the  country,  and  Its  product,  the  "Salt  That's  All 
Salt."  has  won  a  reputation  throughout  the  entire  Inter- 
mountain  country  that  brooks  no  competition.  Its  "Royal 
Crystal"  brand,  in  particular.  Is  known  as  the  finest  reflned 
table  salt  on  the  market,  and  Is  guaranteed  to  be  100  per 
cent,  pure  salt. 

A  description  of  the  plant  and  method  of  refining  may 
not  be  Inappropriate  in  this  magn/ine.  which  Is  designed 
to  show  the  Industrial  ilevelopnient  of  the  State,  and  which 
would  be  manifestly  Incomplete  without  particular  men- 
tion of  one  of  Utah's  greatest  Industries,  the  Inland  Crystal 
Salt  Company. 

The  visitor  to  the  popular  lake  resort,  Saltalr.  will, 
upon  approaching  the  lake,  notice  Mreat  beds  of  salt  on 
either  side  the  track  of  the  Salt  l-ake  and  Ixis  Angeles 
Railroad.  These  are  the  Immense  beds  Into  which  the 
brine  Is  pumped  from  the  lake  and  from  which,  after  the 
water  has  evaporated,  the  salt  Is  harvested  and  hauled  to 
the  refinery.  The  pumping  station  Is  located  In  the  bed  of 
the  lake  to  the  right  of  the  railroad  and  but  a  short  distance 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


75 


from  the  magnificent  pavilion.  Eacly  in  the  spring  the 
pumps  are  started  up  and  kept  working  night  and  day  for 
a  period  of  four  or  five  months.  The  brine  is  conveyed  by 
immense  wooden  flumes  to  the  salt  beds,  which  cover  an 
area  of  over  2,000  acres.  The  beds  are  divided  off  into 
blocks  or  squares  and  covered  to  a  depth  of  about  seventeen 


according  to  the  grade  wished,  it  is  finally  conveyed  to  the 
packing  room,  where  it  is  sacked  and  baled  and  prepared 
for  shipment.  The  company  has  a  most  commodious  ware- 
house with  a  capacity  of  several  thousand  tons.  Here  the 
salt  awaits  shipment,  which  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the 
presence  of  both  the  Oregon  Short  Line  and  Salt  Lake  and 
Los  Angeles  Railroad  tracks. 

Some  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  business  transacted  by 
the  company  may  be  gained  from  the  knowledge  that  last 
year  the  sales  amounted  to  over  30,000  tons  of  salt.  An 
average  of  sixty  men  are  employed  in  the  salt  beds,  refin- 
ery and  pumping  stations.  Two  traveling  representatives, 
Mr.  Robert  J.  Shields  and  Vernon  S.  Hardy,  look  after  the 
interests  of  the  company  on  the  "road,"  while  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  plant,  Mr.  W.  H.  Jack,  is  a  gentleman  of  wide 
experience  in  his  particular  line  of  work. 

An  immense  amount  of  money  has  been  expended  in 
bringing  the  plant  up  to  its  present  state  of  perfection,  and 


1500  TONS    OF    SALT. 

or  eighteen  inches,  sufficient  water  being  pumped  on  to 
replace  that  lost  by  evaporation  until  about  the  first  of 
September,  when  the  water  then  remaining  is  allowed  to 
evaporate  and  the  salt  is  scraped  up  into  large  square  piles 
sometimes  as  much  as  2,000  tons  to  the  pile.  From  these 
immense  piles  it  is  hauled  on  the  railroad  a  distance  of 
two  miles  or  less  to  the  refinery,  at  which  point  labor-saving 
machinery  in  the  shape  of  steam  shovels,  crushers,  etc., 
han;lle  it.  It  is  crushed  and  dried,  and  all  foreign  sub- 
stances such  as  soda,  magnesia,  lime  and  dust  removed  by 
immense  steam  fans.  After  a  still  further  process  involv- 
ing the  mechanical  handling  of  the  salt  a  number  of  times 
during  which  it  is  ground  to  the  desired  degree  of  fineness 


SCENE    ON    THE   SALT   BKDS. 

the  management  of  the  plant  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the 
success  they  have  achieved  in  giving  to  this  city  and  State 
an  industry  of  which  all  Utah  may  well  be  proud. 


WELLS,  FARGO   AND  COMPANY  BANK. 


AMONG  the  leading  financial  institutions  of  America 
Wells,  Fargo  and  Company  is  to  be  found  in  the  front 
rank.  Not  only  does  this  hold  good  in  the  United 
States  but  in  every  city  of  importance  in  Europe  as  well  as 
the  Orient  and  Antipodes,  is  the  name  of  this  banking  firm 
a  household  word.  In  point  of  resources,  reliability  and 
facilities  afforded  to  patrons,  few  financial  concerns  in 
the  West  can  compete  with  this  well-known  house. 
Established  in  1852,  its  history  has  been  one  of  advance- 
ment, while  as  a  prime  factor  in  the  building  up  of  the 
undeveloped  West  it  stands  out  in  bold  relief,  towering 
above  all  rivals.  The  headquarters  of  this  bank  are  in 
San  Francisco,  branches  being  established  in  New  York 
City,  Portland,  Oregon,  and  Salt  Lake  City,  and  with  corre- 
spondents in  every  city  of  note  in  the  United  States, 
Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Australia  and  the  rest  of  the  world. 
The  bank  is  under  the  management  of  Homer  S.  King, 
President,  a  financier  of  National  reputation.  Its  total 
resources  reach  an  aggregate  sum  of  upwards  of  twenty- 
two  millions  of  dollars.  Its  incorporated  capital  is  $8,000,- 
000,  80,000  shares  which  are  quoted  on  the  New  York 
Stock  Exchange  at  from  $225  to  $250.  A  statement  of  the 
condition  of  the  bank  which  was  issued  July  31,  1902, 
sets  forth  its  paid-up  banking  capital  at  $500,000,  surplus 
and  undivided  profits  at  $11,089,494.47,  with  deposits,  indi- 


vidual or  otherwise,  amounting  to  $10,624,567.92.  In  addi- 
tion to  a  general  banking  business,  Wells,  Fargo  and  Com- 
pany also  carries  on  an  express  business  upon  gigantic 
lines,  being  one  of  the  leading  express  companies  of  the 
United  States.  It  operates  all  the  lines  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  System,  the  Santa  Fe,  Rio  Grande  Western,  Erie, 
and  many  other  railroad  systems  throughout  the  Country. 
Taken  all  in  all,  this  huge  Company  operates  railroad, 
steamship  and  stage  lines  aggregating  44,583  miles,  with 
3,873  offices.  It  owns  its  own  wharf  at  Jersey  City,  from 
which  its  trains  are  daily  loaded,  unloaded  and  dispatched. 
Every  day  in  the  year  its  own  train  pulls  out  for  Chicago, 
making  connections  with  the  Santa  Fe.  Two  through 
cars  are  run  across  the  Continent.  The  bank  deals 
with  every  phase  of  banking  business,  offering  facilities 
that  are  unsurpassed  by  any  other  financial  institution  in 
the  West.  The  Salt  Lake  Branch  of  this  mammoth  con- 
cern is  located  in  its  own  building  at  Nos.  123-125  South 
Main  Street,  a  spot  where  in  the  old  staging  days  of  Ben 
Halliday  the  reeking  teams  used  to  pull  up  from  their  long 
run  across  the  desert  with  the  mails,  gold  dust  and 
passengers.  Today  this  branch  is  under  the  management 
of  H.  L.  Miller,  cashier,  John  E.  Miles,  assistant  cashier. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


ZION'S  SAVINGS  BANK  AND  TRUST  COMPANY. 


ONE  OF  the  strongest  and  best  managed  savings  in- 
stitutions of  this  city  is  the  Zion's  Savings   Bank 
and    Trust    Company,    which    occupies    handsome 
and    spacious    offices    in    Its    own    building — the    Tern- 
pleton — at    the    head   of    Main    Street.    The   above    well- 
known  financial  institution  was  established  August  6,  1873, 
and  since  its  inception  has  gradually  increased  its  business 
until  at  the  present  day  it  has  more  than  33,000  savings 
accounts  and   receives   deposits   not   only   from   people  of 
Utah,  but  also  from  residents  of  nearly  every  State  in  the 


furnished,  the  floor  is  laid  in  a  unique  pattern  of  art  tile  .  In 
addition  to  the  two  large  vaults  of  the  latest  fire-  and  burglar- 
proof  design,  the  bank  places  at  the  disposal  of  its  patrons 
554  safety  deposit  boxes  wherein  jewels  and  valuable  docu- 
ments may  be  stored  at  normal  rent  and  in  absolute  safety. 
These  boxes  are  so  constructed  that  it  is  impossible  to  open 
them  without  the  use  of  two  keys,  one  being  in  the  possession 
of  the  lessee,  while  the  other  never  leaves  the  possession 
of  the  bank  officials.  The  bank  is  fortunate  in  having  as 
its  cashier  George  M.  Cannon,  to  whose  wisely-directed 


II  \NK   AND    TRUM     COMPANY*!   Bt  11.1)1  Nc.    "  TH  t     I  I  MI'M  I  <  •••,        •,  l     >U  ,\I>   OF    MAIN    M  K  I- M  . 


Union,  oc  well  as  from  some  foreign  countries.  The  capital 
stock  of  the  bank  is  $200,000.  Its  officers  and  directors  are 
among  the  most  prominent  business  men  and  Influential  capi- 
talists of  this  State,  In  whom*  ability  and  Integrity  absolute 
confidence  Is  placed.  The  officers  are:  Joseph  F.Smlth.  Pres- 
ident; Anthon  II.  I. Mini.  Vice-President :  Oeorge  M.  Cannon. 
Cashier;  Lewis  M.  Cannon.  Assistant  Cashier.  The  Board 
of  Directors  consists  of  the  President  and  Vice- President. 
Angus  M.  Cannon,  T.  O.  Webber,  Angus  J.  Cannon.  George 
!(•  innldH.  Kram  is  M.  l.yman.  A.  Owen  Woodruff,  llyrum 
M.  Smith.  U  John  Nuttatl.  James  Jack.  JohnT.  Calne  and 
John  K  Winder.  Under  the  prudent  and  careful  management 
of  the  administration  Zion's  Savings  Hank  has  made  Im- 
mense strides  and  wonderful  advancement  during  the  past 
twelve  years.  The  bank  Is  appropriately  equipped  and  richly 


efforts  the  Institution  owes  no  little  of  Its  phenomenal 
success  during  recent  years.  Mr.  Cannon  Is  well-known 
throughout  the  State  as  a  financier  of  no  mean  order  and 
has  been  honored  with  positions  of  public  trust  as  the  gift 
of  the  electors  at  the  polls.  Among  other  positions  that  he 
has  filled  with  honor  may  be  mentioned  those  of  Comity 
Recorder.  Chairman  of  the  State  Republican  Committee, 
and  member  of  the  State  Legislature.  Mr.  Cannon  was 
the  first  President  of  the  Senate  of  the  State  of  Utah, 
and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
that  framed  the  State  Constitution,  and  as  such  was  Chair- 
man of  two  Important  committees — Revenue  and  Taxation, 
and  Committee  on  Public  Debt.  That  he  has  future  honors 
In  store  for  him  Is  generally  conceded. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


77 


"SEEING    SALT    LAKE     CITY." 


FROM  an  historical  standpoint,  Salt  Lake  City  is  the 
most  attractive  city  of  its  size  in  this  country.  The 
tourist  or  traveler  who  has  crossed  the  continent  and 
not  stopped  at  this  Mecca  of  all  tourists,  "The  City  of  the 
Saints,"  has  indeed  missed  one  of  the  greatest  treats  of 
the  transcontinental  trip.  With  its  myriad  attractions, 
in  the  shape  of  old  buildings  associated  with  the  "Mor- 
mons" and  the  pioneer  days  of  the  last  century,  its 
majestic  mountains  at  our  very  door,  the  great  Salt  Lake 
within  easy  access  and  the  thousand  and  one  features 
which  delight  the  eye,  little  wonder  that  the  reputation 
of  this  metropolis  Of  the  "Inland  Empire"  has  been 
heralded  far  and  wide. 

It   formerly   was   quite   a   problem   with   the   stranger 
within  our  gates  as  to  the  best  way  to  see  the  city  within 


on  these  cars  are  low — only  50  cents  per  ticket,  or  private 
chartered  cars,  $15.  To  best  illustrate  the  trip  let  us 
imagine  ourselves  in  the  car  on  a  beautiful  fall  morning. 

Starting  from  the  business  center  of  the  city,  historical 
old  buildings  are  encountered  from  the  outset.  Among 
the  first  are  the  Continental  Hotel,  a  few  years  ago  the 
finest  hotel  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  the  Tribune  Build- 
ing— the  home  of  one  of  the  morning  papers  is  further 
along  on  the  same  street.  Running  around  onto  the  princi- 
pal street,  we  pass  the  popular  Kenyon  Hotel,  a  modern 
hostelry  situated  in  the  business  center  of  the  city.  The 
fashionable  Hotel  Knutsford  is  soon  passed,  and  the  car 
speeds  down  toward  the  southern  portion  of  the  city, 
passing  through  the  wide,  well-kept  streets  for  which 
this  city  is  famous;  the  former  residence  of  Maude 


- 


A    M-KING    SALT    LAKE    CITY   OBSERVATION    CAR    AT    PIONEER     MONUMENT. 


the  short  time  which  most  travelers  have  to  spend  in  any 
one  spot.  This  has  been  solved  most  satisfactorily  by  the 
enterprise  of  a  firm  who  provide  specially  chartered  cars 
known  as  "observation  cars."  These  cars  leave  the  princi- 
pal hotels  of  the  city  on  regular  schedules  both  in  the 
morning  and  afternoon,  in  charge  of  a  competent  and 
entertaining  lecturer,  who  explains  every  point  of  interest 
as  it  is  passed.  The  advantage  of  this  method  of  "seeing 
Salt  Lake"  over  the  one  formerly  resorted  to,  i.  e.,  "buy- 
ing" a  hack  and  being  hauled  through  the  streets  for  an 
hour  or  two,  and  missing  the  really  beautiful  views  which 
can  only  be  obtained  from  the  high  ground  in  the  east 
and  north  traversed  by  the  car  line,  are  numerous.  The 
aristocratic  tourists — State  officials,  Senators,  millionaires, 
whose  time  is  precious — take  observation  cars.  Some  wire 
ahead  for  "seeing  cars"  to  meet  them  on  arrival  at  depots, 
and  proceed  at  once  to  see  the  wonderful  city,  and  hear 
it  talked  about.  All  call  it  the  "banner  trip."  The  rates 


Adams,  an  unpretentious  little  brick  structure,  is  pointed 
out,  and  soon  the  car  arrives  at  Liberty  Park.  This 
piece  of  land  100  acres  in  extent,  was  donated  by  Brigham 
Young  to  the  city,  so  the  lecturer  informs  us.  A  turn,  and 
again  we  are  running  north  past  the  City  and  County 
Building,  one  of  the  sights  of  the  city,  and  a  magnificent 
structure.  Up  through  Main  Street  from  Fifth  South,  we 
pass  the  great  financial  institutions  of  the  city  and  the 
handsome  business  blocks  until  Pioneer  Monument  is 
reached.  From  this  point  we  continue  north,  pass  the 
famous  Temple,  L.  D.  S.  University  buildings  and  up  onto 
Center  Street,  where  many  beautiful  homes  are  situated. 
Along  the  high  ground  on  this  street,  on  a  clear  day,  the 
tourist  can  see  the  glistening  waters  of  the  greatest  inland 
salt  sea  on  this  Continent.  Continuing  out  this  street,  we 
soon  arrive  at  one  of  the  natural  hot  sulphur  springs  for 
which  this  city  is  famous.  These  springs  rival  those  of 


UTAH— THK    INLAND    KM  PI  RE 


the  famous  Arkansas  resort,  and  have  wonderful  medicinal 
properties. 

Again  we  observe  the  oldest  residence  section  of  the 
city,  many  of  the  old  adobe  houses  still  standing  and  being 
used  that  were  built  flfty  years  ago  by  the  early  settlers. 
The  Tabernacle  is  visited  upon  the  return,  and  the  car 
again  passes  Pioneer  Monument  and  runs  up  the  hill  to 
the  grave  of  Brigham  Young,  and  continues  out  east  on 
South  Temple,  or  ••Brigham"  Street,  to  the  hills  at  the 
line  of  the  Government  Reservation.  This  is  the  choicest 
residence  portion  of  the  city,  and  there  are  many  homes 
lining  the  thoroughfare  that  would  ornament  a  Fifth  Ave- 
nue, a  Lake  Shore  Drive  or  the  aristocratic  Back  Bay 
district  of  Boston.  Here  are  the  homes  of  many  of 


the  mining  kings  of  Utah.  The  historic  Lion  and  Bee- 
Hive  houses.  Gardo  House  or  Amelia  Palace,  and  the 
Historian's  office  and  tithing  houses  are  also  included  In 
the  Itinerary,  and  two  hours  after  the  start  has  been  made 
have  passed  all  too  quickly,  and  you  have  probably  seen 
more  of  The  City  of  the  Saints  than  many  a  citizen  who 
has  resided  here  for  ten  years.  The  lecturers  employed 
by  the  company  are  courteous,  educated  gentlemen,  and 
fully  describe,  in  an  accurate  manner,  all  the  points  of 
Interest.  The  cars  are  the  latest  product  from  the 
Eastern  factories,  and  the  trip  is  one  of  enjoyment  through- 
out The  kindest  thing  you  could  do  for  your  friends  is  to 
tell  them  of  the  pleasures  of  a  trip  on  the  "Seeing  Salf 
Lake  C'ty  Cars." 


CLARK,  ELDREDGK  &  CO. 


AS  A  branch  of  trade  of  paramount  importance  to  the 
growth  and  interest  of  Salt  Lake,  and  as  a  represen- 
tative and  mammoth  commercial  establishment,  the 
business  of  which  extends  to  the  remotest  corners  of  Utah 
and  overflows  across  the  boundaries  Into  contiguous  States, 
the  enterprising  firm  of  Clark,  Eldredge  &  Co..  141-143  West 
First  South  Street,  must  be  mentioned  in  this  review  of 
the  growth  and  development  of  'The  City  of  the  Saints." 
Salt  Lake  has  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  huge  business 
blocks  that  line  some  of  her  busiest  thoroughfares  and 
establish  an  air  of  solidity  and  metropolitanism  throughout 
the  community.  Prominent  among  the  large  wholesale 
concerns  of  this  city  is  the  one  which  is  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  This  firm  was  established  In  1881  to  be  incor- 
porated six  years  later.  It  was  not  until  12  years  ago. 
however,  that  the  flrm  occupied  their  present  handsome 
and  commodious  quarters.  Prior  to  that  time  this  whole- 
sale house  was  located  in  the  Hooper-Eldredge  Block,  but 
It  soon  became  apparent  that  the  then  existing  quarters 
were  inadequate  to  handle  more  than  a  small  portion  of 
the  business  which  came  in  by  every  mall.  The  present 
home  of  the  Clark-Eldredge  Company  Is  essentially  one 
which  In  every  sense  of  the  word  meets  the  requirements 
for  which  It  was  erected;  the  four  floors  and  basement 
affording  the  Company  49.500  square  feet  of  floor  area 
whereon  to  store  goods.  A  visit  to  this  establishment  1s 
very  Instructive,  and  no  matter  at  what  time  of  the  year 
the  premises  may  be  inspected,  they  will  be  found  stocked 
to  the  limit.  The  various  lines  of  goods  handled  by  this 
flrm  are  the  most  complete  In  the  West,  embracing  as 
they  do,  groceries,  provisions,  dried  fruits,  cigars,  tobacco, 
cigarettes,  confectionery,  crackers,  nuts,  hardware,  wooden- 
ware,  crockery,  glassware,  tinware,  oil.  paints,  brushes, 
drugs,  stationery,  notions,  and  many  other  articles  and 
commodities  too  numerous  to  mention.  Their  trade  Is 
large  and  covers  this  Inter-mountain  region.  A  number 
of  traveling  salesmen  are  kept  constantly  moving  through 
Utah  and  the  adjacent  States  with  the  result  that  the  dally 
uhlpments  reach  large  proportions.  Buying  In  carload  lots, 
this  Company  does  business  on  a  big  scale  and  reaps  the 
benefits  that  buying  and  shipping  In  such  quantities  en- 
title It  to.  This  business  today  stands  prominent  among 
the  large  wholesale  houses  In  the  West  John  Clark  Is 
General  Manager  of  the  Company  and  John  E.  Clark  the 
Secretary.  John  Clark  Is  too  well  knnwa  toned  any  ex- 
tended Introduction  to  U>«-  residents  at  tM*  State.  A 


business  man,  conservative  and  energetic,  he  was  the 
choice  of  the  people  of  this  city  at  the  polls  five  years 
ago  for  the  gift  of  the  mayoralty  of  Salt  Lake  City.  No 


CLARK,    ELDRKDCK    &    CO'S    Rill  DIM. 

sooner  was  his  name  put  on  the  Citizens'  Ticket  than  he 
proceeded  to  sweep  all  before  him.  His  subsequent  term 
of  office  was  marked  by  a  careful  policy  which  demon- 
strated that  judicious  economy  In  the  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  this  city  was  marked  by  effective  results.  When 
Mayor  Clark  finally  relinquished  his  office,  he  left  behind 
him  a  record  which  justified  many  members  of  both  politi- 
cal parties  In  desiring  his  re  nomination  and  election. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


79 


C.  M.  NEUHAUSEN. 


THE  past  few  years  have  marked  an  era  of  great  activ- 
ity in  building  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  prominent 
among  the  architects  of  the  city  who  have  contrib- 
uted their  genius  and  skill  to  beautifying  the  garden  spot  of 
Utah  stands  Mr.  C.  M.  Neuhausen.  The  handsome  resi- 
dences, modern  business  blocks  and  commanding  public 
buildings  he  has  designed  and  erected  are  the  highest  testi- 
monials his  exceptional  attainments  could  have,  and  their 
forecast  eloquently  proclaims  well-merited  prosperity  for 
him  and  a  staunch  maintenance  of  the  city's  claim  to 
modern  architecture  throughout  its  growth  and  continued 
development. 

Mr.  Neuhausen  was  born  in  1853  and  owes  his  nativity 
to  Germany,  that  country  which  has  contributed  so  many 
men  of  genius  to  the  United  States.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  his  native  land  and  graduated  in  the  Class  of 
'78  from  the  Polytechnic  at  Stuttgart.  He  practiced  his 
profession  but  a  short  time  in  Germany  before  becoming 
imbued  with  the  idea  that  America  was  the  great  country 
of  the  future,  and  accordingly  he  came  to  Chicago,  where 
he  was  connected  with  prominent  architectural  firms  for 
some  time.  He  was  afterward  located  in  the  twin  cities, 
St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  for  a  number  of  years,  where  he 
took  an  active  part  in  the  upbuilding  of  those  progressive 
places.  Coming  to  Salt  Lake  City  in  1892,  Mr.  Neuhausen 
at  once  entered  the  employ  of  R.  Kletting,  who  at  that 


he  has  accomplished  within  recent  years,  we  mention  the 
following  buildings,  all  of  which  will  be  found  reproduced 
in  half-tone  engravings  in  various  parts  of  this  magazine: 
The  palatial  residence  of  Senator  Thomas  Kearns  and  the 
handsome  home  of  J.  D.  Wood,  the  mining  magnate,  are 


THE   ASSEMBLY    HALL. 

products  of  his  office,  also  the  Kearns  St.  Ann's  Orphanage 
and  the  D.  F.  Walker  Block.  He  is  at  present  engaged  in 
the  construction  of  St.  Mary's  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral, 
the  extensive  addition  to  the  Holy  Cross  Hospital  and  the 
remodeling  and  addition  of  All  Hallows  College,  which, 
upon  its  completion,  will  materially  add  to  the  dignity  and 


I.    I).  WOOD'S  HOME. 


time  was  engaged  in  constructing  plans  for  the  famous 
Saltair  Pavilion.  Mr.  Neuhausen  was  not  the  man,  how- 
ever, to  remain  long  in  the  employ  of  another.  His  in- 
herited ambition  and  renius  which,  combined  with  an 
indefatigable  desire  for  work,  soon  led  him  to  open  an 
office  on  his  own  account.  He  met  with  immediate  and 
nattering  success,  and  some  of  our  most  beautiful  and 
imposing  buildings  were  designed  by  him.  Among  the  work 


general  appearance  of  the  city's  educational   institutions, 
and  the  architectural  splendor  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Neuhausen's  offices  are  eligibly  located  in  the 
Dooly  Block,  and  are  decorated  with  gems  of  architectural 
design,  as  reproducer!  in  drawings  and  photographs  of  the 
best  architecture  of  the  day.  Many  of  his  own  designs 
are  in  evidence,  and  it  is  needless  to  say  that  they  harmon- 
ize with  the  excellent  selection  throughout 


8o 


UTAH— THK    INLAND    KMPIRK 


J.  A.  HEADLUND. 


EVERY  stranger  who  has  visited  Salt  Lake  has  gone 
away  impressed  with  her  broad  streets  lined  with 
palatial  mansions  and  dainty  cottages.  Marvelous  as 
has  been  within  the  past  few  years  the  development  of  other 
lines  of  business,  not  one  has  outstripped  that  of  the  archi- 
tect. It  is  more  than  a  business,  it  is  a  profession  needing 
education,  culture  and  a  knowledge  beyond  the  mere  draw- 
Ing  of  designs  and  the  ability  to  figure  how  many  shingles 
are  required  to  cover  a  given  area.  It  Is  to  the  architect  that 
Salt  I-ake  owes  much.  In  the  old  days  of  the  adobe  house 
and  the  log  cabin  every  man  was  his  own  architect.  Today 
if  he  desires  to  erect  a  home  he  tells  an  architect  what  he 
wants  and  in  a  few  days  be  has  before  him  plans  and 


However,  with  the  news  of  the  boom,  he  elected  to  come  to 
Salt  Lake,  where  he  has  been  for  the  past  nine  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  has  surrounded  himself  with  a  good 
clientage,  and  has  been  Instrumental  in  erecting  numerous 
monuments  to  his  good  taste  in  the  form  of  artistic  and 
cosy  residences  and  imposing  structures.  Mr.  Headlund 
is  fortunate  in  having  for  a  partner  a  fellow-countryman 
with  a  splendid  record  in  his  profession,  M.  E.  Liljenberg, 
who  is  ranked  among  the  foremost  draughtsmen  in  Salt 
Lake  today.  He  is  a  gentleman  with  an  exceptionally 
bright  future  before  him.  Educated  in  Sweden,  he  gradu- 
ated from  the  Royal  Technical  Institute  at  Stockholm  with 
honors.  Recognizing  that  America  has  great  possibilities, 


CEO.  M.  CANNON'S  ll»\lt     ON    THE  HISTORIC  OLD  CHURCH  FARM,  FORMERLY  OWNED  BY    IIKH.M  \M    Ynl  M. 


elevations.  In  due  season  he  selects  what  be  wants  and 
then  sits  back  and  lets  the  architect  do  the  rest  without 
fear  that  the  various  contractors  will  put  inferior  material 
Into  hi*  home,  for  the  architect  watches  all  that.  The 
ssful  man  today  must  be  endowed  with  originality 
and  artistic  temperament.  If  he  has  traveled  and  used  his 
eyes  and  brain,  so  much  the  better.  Just  such  a  man  In 
John  A.  Headlund,  who  occupies  spacious  offices  at  623- 
524  Dooljr  Building,  and  who  has  to  his  credit  some  of  the 
best  proportioned  and  neatest  structures  that  have  been 
erected  In  Salt  Lake.  Mr.  Headlund  has  not  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Salt  lAke  all  bis  life,  for  be  has  traveled  exten- 
sively. Born  In  Sweden,  he  •  rossed  the  Atlantic  at  an  early 
age  to  ultimately  settle  In  Chicago,  where  be  entered 
an  architect's  office,'  and  later  attended  the  Architects' 
Institute,  where  he  soon  made  bis  mark  and  was  picked 
out  as  one  of  the  most  promising  students.  When  he 
had  thoroughly  mastered  his  chosen  profession  he  went 
to  Kansas  City  to  later  settle  In  Colorado  Springs.  M>T» 
be  soon  became  known  as  a  man  of  progressive  Ideas. 


be  sailed  for  New  York,  where  he  entered  an  architect's 
office  as  a  draughtsman.  In  all  he  remained  in  Gotham 
for  ten  years,  when  he  elected  to  return  home  for  a  couple 
of  years.  But  America  had  charms  for  him.  and  once 
more  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  and  ultimately  came  to  Salt 
Lake,  where  he  entered  the  engineering  department  of  the 
Oregon  Short  Line,  l.ntcr  he  went  Into  partnership  with 
Mr  Ileadlund.  Hoth  Mr.  Headlund  and  Mr.  Liljenberg  are 
prominent  In  social  circles  among  their  fellow  countrymen 
IHTI-  as  well  as  being  universally  and  favorably  known 
through)  ut  the  community  as  being  men  of  Integrity  and 
honest  mcthodH.  The  charge  of  Inferior  work  and  substi- 
tution of  marred  material  that  has  been  laid  at  the  door 
of  so  many  architects  has  never  boon  hinted  at  on  any  work 
performed  by  this  firm.  They  are  both  highly  respected 
In  this  community,  and  have  always  exhibited  a  spirit  of 
generosity,  progress  and  Integrlt.  which  has  flrmly  en 
treneheii  them  In  the  esteem  of  the  general  public.  To 
enumerate  the  numerous  structures  and  handsome  real- 
deuce*  they  have  been  Instrumental  In  erecting  In  Salt 
Lake  would  require  too  much  space 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


81 


"THE  GREATEST  THING  IN  THE  WORLD." 


STOLID,  indeed,  is  he  who  can  front  the  awful  scene 
and  view  its  unearthly  splendor  of  color  and  form 
without  quaking  knee  or  tremulous  breath.  An  in- 
ferno, swathed  in  soft  celestial  fires;  a  whole  chaotic 
underworld,  just  emptied  of  primeval  floods  and  waiting  for  a 
new  creative  world;  eluding  all  sense  of  perspective  or  di- 
mension, outstretching  the  faculty  of  measurement,  overlap- 
ping the  confines  of  definite  apprehension ;  a  boding,  terrible 
thing,  unflinchingly  real,  yet  spectral  as  a  dream.  The  behold- 
er is  at  first  unimpressed  by  any  detail;  he  is  overwhelmed 
by  the  ensemble  of  a  stupenduous  panorama,  a  thousand 
square  miles  in  extent,  that  lies  wholly  beneath  the  eye, 


ing  the  eye  more  by  reason*  of  its  somber  tone  and  mys- 
terious suggestion  than  by  any  appreciable  characteristic 
of  a  chasm.  It  is  perhaps  five  miles  distant  in  a  straight 
line,  and  its  uppermost  rims  are  nearly  4.000  feet  beneath 
the  observer,  whose  measuring  capacity  is  entirely  inade- 
quate to  the  demand  made  by  such  magnitudes.  One  can 
not  believe  the  distance  to  be  more  than  a  mile  as  the 
crow  flies,  before  descending  the  wall  or  attempting  some 
other  form  of  actual  measurement. 

Mere  brain  knowledge  counts  for  little  against  the 
illusion  under  which  the  organ  of  vision  is  here  doomed  to 
labor.  Yonder  cliff,  darkening  from  white  to  gray,  yellow, 


Copyright  i  899.  by  B.V.Peabodv. 


GRAND   CANYON   OF  ARIZONA. 


as  it'  he  stood  upon  a  mountain  peak  instead  of  the  level 
brink  of  a  fearful  chasm  in  the  plateau,  whose  opposite 
shore  is  thirteen  miles  away.  A  labyrinth  of  huge  archi- 
tectural forms,  endlessly  varied  in  design,  fretted  with 
ornamental  devices,  festooned  with  lace-like  webs  formed 
of  talus  from  the  upper  cliffs  and  painted  with  every  color 
known  to  the  palette  in  pure  transparent  tones  of  marvel- 
ous delicacy.  Never  was  picture  more  harmonious,  never 
flower  more  exquisitely  beautiful.  It  flashes  instant  com- 
munication of  all  that  architecture  and  painting  and  music 
for  a  thousand  years  have  gropingly  striven  to  express.  It 
is  the  soul  of  Michael  Angelo  and  of  Beethoven. 

A  canyon,  truly,  but  not  after  the  accepted  type.  An 
intricate  system  of  canyons,  rather,  each  subordinate  to  the 
river  channel  in  the  midst,  which  in  its  turn  is  subordinate 
to  the  whole  effect.  That  river  channel,  the  profoundest 
depth,  and  actually  more  than  6,000  feet  below  the  point 
of  view,  is  in  seeming  a  rather  insignificant  trench,  attract- 


and  brown  as  your  glance  descends,  is  taller  than  the 
Washington  Monument.  The  Auditorium  in  Chicago  would 
not  cover  one-half  its  perpendicular  span.  Yet  it  does  not 
greatly  impress  you.  You  idly  toss  a  pebble  toward  it,  and 
are  surprised  to  note  how  far  the  missile  falls  short.  By 
and  by  you  will  learn  that  it  is  a  good  half  mile  distant, 
and  when  you  go  down  the  trail  you  will  gain  an  abiding 
sense  of  its  real  proportions.  Yet,  relatively,  it  is  an  un- 
important detail  of  the  scene. 

The  foregoing  refers,  of  course,  to  The  Grand  Canyon  of 
Arizona,  the  greatest  natural  wonder  in  the  world.  The 
Grand  Canyon  can  now  be  reached  by  rail  over  the  Santa 
Fe — but  by  no  other  railroad. 

Handsomely  illustrated  descriptive  matter  will  be 
furnished  upon  application  to  any  representative  of  this 
company.  C.  F.  Warren  is  the  general  agent  of  the  Santa 
Fe  in  Salt  Lake  City,  while  J.  P.  Hall  acts  in  a  similar 
capacity  in  Denver,  Colorado. 


THE  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  System,  which  is  known 
as  "The  Scenic  Line  of  the  World,  and  which  is  the 
only  line  passing  directly  through  Salt  Lake  City, 
forms  the  most  attractive  of  all  the  trans-continental  routes 
traversing,  as  it  does,  the  Rocky  Mountains  through  the 
great  States  of  Colorado  and  Utah   between   Denver  and 
Ogden.  a  distance  encompassing  more  grand,  varied  and 
attractive  mountain  scenery  than  can  be  viewed  from  the 
car  windows  of  any  other  railroad  of  equal  distance  in  the 
world. 


GARDEN  OF  THE  GODS. 

This  System  is  no  exception  to  other  great  American 
roads  as  to  its  facilities  for  providing  commodious  and  lux- 
urious accommodations  for  Its  patrons,  being  famous  every- 
where for  Its  splendid  equipment.  All  through  trains  are 
equipped  with  the  newest  patterns  of  Pullman  and  ordinary 
sleeping  cars,  a  brand-new  consignment  of  day  coaches,  and 
its  superb  dining  car  service,  operated  on  the  a  la  carte 
plan,  have  no  superior  on  the  continent,  and  nowhere  can 
the  tourist  or  pleasure-seeker  secure  more  comfort  while 
traveling  than  on  "The  Scenic  Line  of  the  World." 

It  would  be  Impossible  In  so  small  a  space  as  Is  offered 
herein  to  touch  even  lightly  on  all  the  sights  and  scenes 
of  the  great  Rocky  Mountain  region  through  which  the 
traveler  Is  carried  on  the  journey  between  Denver.  Salt 
l/akf  City  and  Ogden  over  this  route;  but  the  Illustrations 
shown  herein  will  give  the  public  at  least  a  peep  Into  some 
of  the  wonders  of  this  enchanted  land.  It  Is  to  be 
remembered  that  stop-overs  are  allowed  at  all  points  on 
through  tickets,  the  limits  of  which  will  permit. 

leaving  Denver  "The  Scenic  Line"  lies  along  the  foot- 
hills, passing  over  the  Divide  at  Palmer  l.ake.  thence  on 
to  the  beautiful  Hiy  of  Colorado  Springs,  from  which  point 
by  a  ride  of  three  hours  via  the  new  Cripple  Creek  Short 
Line,  the  traveler  Is  In  the  heart  <>(  the  famous  Cripple 
i  r--''k  liutrlrt.  the  greatest  gold  mining  camp  on  earth. 
From  Colorado  Springs  a  branch  line  five  miles  In  length  al- 
HO  runs  to  Manltou,  at  tli<>  foot  »f  I'ike's  Peak,  widely 
known  UK  "The  Saratoga  of  the  West." 

Leaving  Colorado  Springs,  after  an  hour's  ride  south- 
ward, we  roach  I'uehio.  th<>  m-rond  city  In  point  of  site 
In  Colorado,  and  bemuse  of  Its  great  Iron  smelting 
and  other  manufacturing  Interests  la  known  as  the 
"Ptttsburg  of  the  We»f ' 


Turning  to  the  west  from  Pueblo  we  soon  reach  the 
thriving  towns  of  Florence  and  Canyon  City,  the  former  be- 
ing noted  for  its  numerous  oil  wells  and  the  latter  for  its 
great  coal,  fruit  and  agricultural  interests.  From  both  of 
these  points  another  entrance  to  the  Cripple  Creek  District 
is  had  via  the  Florence  and  Cripple  Creek  Railroad.  Five 
miles  distant  from  Canyon  City  the  main  line  lies  through  the 
world-famed  Royal  Gorge,  whose  precipitous  sides  rise  over 
half  a  mile  in  sheer  ascent  from  the  river.  Thence  onward 
along  the  foot  of  the  castellated  peaks  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  Range,  we  reach  Salida.  from  which  point  the 
Denver  and  Rio  Grande  System  has  two  separate  routes 
through  to  Grand  Junction.  One  of  these  routes  Is  via  the 
narrow-guage  line  which  climbs  the  famed  Marshall  Pass 
and  through  the  world-renowned  Black  Canyon  of  the  Gunni- 
son,  while  the  main  line  is  through  Leadville,  with  its  fam- 
ous gold  and  silver  mines,  crossing  the  Continental  Divide 
at  Tennessee  Pass  (elevation  10,240  feet),  thence  down  the 
beautiful  Eagle  River  Canyon,  passing  upder  the  Mount  of 
the  Holy  Cross  through  the  tortuous  windings  of  the  Canyon 
of  the  Grand  River,  within  a  stone's-throw  of  the  beautiful 
Hotel  Colorado  at  the  famous  pleasure  resort  of  Glenwood 
Springs,  and  on  to  Grand  Junction.  All  through  tickets  are 
good  via  either  route. 

Thence  onward  we  go  across  the  Green  River. 
which,  in  conjunction  with  the  Grand  forms  the  Colorado, 
and  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  California;  through  the  awe-in- 
spiring Castle  •  Gate,  over  the  great  Wasatch  Range  at 
Soldier  Summit,  down  through  the  beautiful  vineyard-dotted 
Utah  Valley,  the  resting  place  of  Brigham  Young  and  his 
followers  after  a  thousand  miles  of  dreary  march  from  the 


THR    RoYAI. 

Missouri  River  over  fifty  years  ago;,  still  onward,  skirting 
the  shores  of  the  placid  Utah  I-ako.  following  the  winding 
of  the  River  Jordan  until  the  beautiful  City  of  Zlon  Is 
reached,  the  Journey  continues  by  the  side  of  that  mystic  In- 
land sea  the  Great  Salt  I^ako.  and  the  great  Irrigating  canals 
to  Ogdon.  where  connection  Is  made  with  the  railroads  lead- 
Ing  tn  the  Pacific  Coast  and  California  (mints. 


gg 

W          H^ 

DC   w 

X 


84 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


MUTUAL  LIFE   INSURANCE  COMPANY. 


THIS  Is  the  oldest  life  insurance  company  in  America, 
the  largest  in  the  world,  and  the  best  because  it 
does  the  most  good.  It  issues  the  most  liberal  and 
profitable  Insurance  contracts  In  existence. 

Its  policies  embody  all  the  modern  and  most  desirable 
features  of  insurance  or  combination  of  investment  with 
insurance,  and  at  the  lowest  premium  consistent  with 
safety,  and  prcvide  for  liberal  loans  to  the  insured,  large 
cash  surrender  values,  stated  in  the  policy ;  automatic  paid- 
up  insurance  without  exchange  of  policy,  or,  option  for 
extended  term  insurance.  Paying  amount  in  instalments 
or  In  one  sum.  Its  contracts  are  clear,  explicit  and  busi- 
nesslike. 

The  Company  Is  progressive  and  liberal,  conservative 
and  safe,  purely  mutual  and  returns  all  surplus  to  policy- 
holders.  It  is  represented  in  Utah  by  Rulon  S.  Wells. 

It  Is  the  main  desire  and  ambition  of  every  man  to 


policy  must  be  continued  and  the  annual  payment  made 
each  year,  and  one  may  be  required  to  make  so  many  pay- 
ments that  the  estate  will  not  realize  a  high  rate  of  in- 
terest on  the  total  amount  paid  in.  still  the  probability  of 
death  occurring  before  that  time  is  reached  and  the  pos- 
sibility of  its  occuning  very  soon  and  his  estate  thereby 
realizing  an  enormous  percentage  of  profit  on  the  money 
paid,  is  practically  worth  much  more  than  the  chance  of 
his  losing  the  interest  or  realizing  only  a  small  rate. 

The  capital  Immediately  secured  by  investing  in  life 
insurance  is  the  maximum  amount  and  at  the  lowest  cost 
upon  the  first  premium  being  paid,  whereas,  the  capital 
secured  by  depositing  the  same  sum  annually  in  a  sav- 
ings bank  or  investing  the  amount  in  other  securities  is 
the  minimum  amount  at  the  beginning,  gradually  increas- 
ing, and  it  will  be  very  many  years  before  it  will  equal  the 
principal  at  once  secured  by  investing  in  life  insurance. 


HOME  OFFICE   OF   THE    MUTUAL   LIFE    INSURANCE    COMPANY,  OF    NEW    YORK. 


accumulate  property  and  at  his  death  to  leave  to  bis  fam- 
ily or  to  his  estate  a  goodly  Inheritance.  Most  men  are 
able  to  save  from  their  Income  or  from  the  profits  of  their 
business  only  a  small  sum  each  year,  and  it  takes  many 
year*  to  accumulate  In  this  way  any  considerable  amount. 

By  the  payment  of  a  small  sum  of  money,  called  the 
premium,  to  a  life  Insurance  company  there  Is  at  once 
created  a  relatively  large  Inheritance  that  Is  certain  to  be 
paid  at  death.  This  payment  must  be  continued  year 
after  year  for  life,  or  for  a  limited  number  of  years,  but 
ereo  to  the  longest  liver  the  amount  so  paid  or  deposited 
rarely.  If  ever,  will  exceed  the  amount  of  Inheritance  se- 
cured. 

If  In  addition  to  accumulating  an  inheritance  at  death, 
It  Is  desired  to  make  provision  for  one's  self  In  advanced 
life.  It  can  be  done  by  making  the  payment  a  little  larger 
and  taking  an  endowment  policy,  which  provide*  for  the 
payment  of  the  principal  to  the  Insured  at  the  end  of  a 
certain  number  of  years,  or  to  his  heirs  If  death  occurs 
prior  thereto. 

While  It  Is  inn-  that  the  Investment  In  a  life  Insurance 


But  rarely.  If  ever,  does  any  man  persistently  and  con- 
tinuously make  deposits  In  a  savings  hank  or  an  annual 
Investment  In  safe  securities.  Besides,  deposits  In  sav- 
ings banks  or  sums  Invested  are  subjects  to  claims  of  cred- 
itors and  are  liable  to  be  withdrawn  or  Investments  dis- 
posed of.  and  the  money  expended  or  lost. 

Another  great  advantage  of  a  life  Insurance  policy  Is 
Its  absolute  security.  Nearly  every  man  has  lost  by  bad 
Investments  or  misfortunes  In  business  as  much  or  more 
than  he  has  saved,  and  Is  likely  to  lose  In  the  future  a 
considerable  portion  of  his  savings.  Many  men  have  In- 
vested In  mortgages  that  were  never  repaid,  or  in  real 
estate  which  depreciated  In  value  or  In  stocks  of  railroads 
or  other  corporations  that  passed  Into  the  hands  of  bond- 
holders, or  In  bonds  that  have  defaulted  or  become  worth- 
less, or  In  gold  mine*  without  gold,  or  In  silver  mines  with 

out  silver.     If  the  same  money   hail   I n   in\.-.-teil   In  life 

Insurance,  the  principal  certainly  would  hare  been  re- 
lumed and  probably  a  handsome  rate  of  Interest.  Pre- 
mium* paid  to  a  life  Insurance  company  and  continued  until 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


death  occurs  or  the  endowment  policy  matures  are  not 
and  cannot  be  lost. 

Under  the  present  policies  of  The  Mutual  Life  Insu- 
rance Company  of  New  York,  the  amount  of  the  insurance 
can  be  at  once  securely  invested  at  a  fair  rate  of  interest 
without  any  loss  of  time  or  any  risk  of  the  loss  of  the 
principal.  That  is,  the  amount  can  be  left  with  the  com- 
pany and  a  contract  be  taken  providing  for  the  payment 
of  a  regular  sum  in  equal  annual  installments,  which  in- 
cludes interest,  for  such  a  number  of  years  as  may  be 
desired,  not  exceeding  twenty.  The  agreement  also  pro- 
vides that  at  any  time  the  unpaid  installments  can  be  com- 
muted and  their  value  paid  in  one  sum.  There  is  thus  se- 
cured an  immediate  and  safe  investment  of  the  principal 
for  such  a  length  of  time  as  the  beneficiary  or  the  holder 
of  the  endowment  policy  may  desire  or  find  convenient. 

The  Mutual  Lite  also  issues  a  form  of  policy  called 
the  Continuous  Installment,  which  provides  for  a  fixed 
income  of  five  per  cent,  of  the  policy  as  long  as  the  bene- 
ficial y  lives  and  continuing  for  twenty  years  after  the 
death  of  the  insured  in  any  event.  This  is  a  very  desir- 
able contract.  As  the  principal  itself  is  not  paid  in  one 
sum,  although  a  large  income  is  secured,  the  premium 
charged  for  such  a  contract  is  less  than  that  charged 
for  a  policy  providing  for  the  payment  of  the  whole  amount 
at  death. 

Other  forms  of  policies  piovide  for  payment  of  four 
per  cent,  per  annum  during  a  period  of  thirty-five  years 
if  the  beneficiary  lives,  and  the  payment  of  the  principal 
to  the  end  of  the  term  or  at  the  death  of  the  beneficiary 
if  prior,  or  for  delivering  bonds  bearing  four  per  cent, 
interest  payable  at  a  fixed  time.  Or  annuities  or  deferred 
annuities  can  be  purchased  with  or  without  life  insurance. 
In  fact,  contracts  of  life  insurance  companies  are  issued 
to  cover  almost  any  contingency  or  to  suit  the  particular 
circumstances  or  desires  of  every  one. 

The  earning  capacity  and  generally  a  large  portion  of 
the  income  of  every  man  ceases  at  his  death,  but  if  he  has 
invested  a  portion  of  his  income  in  a  life  insurance  policy 
of  a  sufficient  amount  he  will  perpetuate  the  whole  or  a 
part  of  his  income  for  the  benefit  of  his  family,  by  the  in- 
terest that  they  will  receive  upon  the  amount  of  the  in- 
surance. During  his  Hie  himself  and  his  family  have  the 
benefit  of  his  earnings;  when  he  dies,  his  earnings  will 
cease,  but  his  family  should  have  the  benefit  of  a  fund 
which  will  produce  an  annual  sum  aproximating  his  pres- 
ent income. 

The  peace  of  mind  and  satisfaction  derived  from  the 
certainty  that  an  inheritance  is  absolutely  secured  for  one's 
family  or  estate  is  worth  to  any  one  during  his  lifetime  a 
considerable  poition  of  what  it  costs.  A  large  life  insu- 
rance policy  relieves  the  insured  and  his  family  from  anx- 
iety for  the  future,  increases  his  happiness  and  gives  him 
freedom  from  care  and  enables  him  to  expend  his  surplus 
income  upon  the  luxuries  and  comforts  of  life  or  in  the 
bestowal  of  charity. 

The  modern  life  insurance  policy  is  oftentimes  a  con- 
venience during  life,  as  it  can  be  used  as  collateral  secu- 
rity for  a  loan  from  the  company  at  a  low  rate  of  interest 
or,  if  absolutely  necessary,  it  can  be  surrendered  for  the 
rash  value  which  is  guaranteed  in  the  policy. 

The  premiums  paid  cannot  be  lost,  for  all  policies  pro- 
vide after  three  annual  payments  have  been  made,  for 
full  paid  insurance  of  a  smaller  amount,  or  for  term  in- 
surance for  a  limited  number  of  years  for  the  full  amount, 
or  for  a  cash  surrender  value,  any  one  of  which  provisions 
with  the  value  of  the  protection  while  the  original  policy 


was    in    force   is   an    equivalent   for    the    premiums    paid. 

Life  insurance  has  become  almost  a  universal  practice. 
The  best  business  men,  the  most  expert  financiers,  profes- 
sional men,  men  of  large  incomes  and  small,  farmers,  ar- 
tisans and  most  men  of  good  judgment  and  prudence  carry 
large  life  insurance.  The  wealthiest  men  of  the  country 
invest  large  amounts  in  life  insurance.  One  of  the  multi- 
millionaires of  New  York  recently  took  a  policy  of  one 
million  dollars,  believing  it  to  be  a  good  investment  for  his 
estate.  Hundreds  of  the  strongest  and  best  business  men 
are  insured  in  amounts  of  one  million  to  one  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  in  every  community  will  be  found  men 
carrying  life  insurance  in  such  amounts  as  they  can  afford. 
Every  man  should  insure  his  life  if  for  not  more  than  one 
thousand  dollars.  No  one  can  afford  to  be  without  some 
life  insurance. 

A  mutual  life  insurance  company  is  not  an  organization 
for  profit,  and  no  money  is  made  by  the  company  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  policy-holders.  Small  sums  are  re- 
ceived from  a  large  number  of  people  and  invested  in  se- 
curities prescribed  by  the  statutes  of  the  State  where 
the  company  is  organized,  and  selected  with  the  greatest 
care  by  skilled  and  experienced  financiers.  No  risks  are 
incurred  and  no  losses  of  principal  or  interest  realized 
and,  although  the  rate  of  interest  may  not  be  large,  the 
wonderful  effect  of  compound  interest  year  after  year 
is  sure  to  give  a  fair  profit  to  the  policy-holders  in  the 
aggregate,  and  may  return  a  very  large  profit  to  the  in- 
dividual. 

By  commencing  these  deposits  or  payments  of  pre- 
miums in  a  life  insurance  company  early  in  life,  the  time 
soon  comes  when  the  annual  premium  required  to  be  paid 
is  comparatively  small  in  proportion  to  the  risk  of  death 
occurring  that  year.  Any  one  holding  a  policy  of  life  in- 
surance on  which  many  premiums  have  been  paid  realizes 
the  value  of  his  contract,  which  can  be  continued  by  the 
payment  of  the  small  premium,  and  does  not  feel  any  re- 
gret for  the  premiums  which  he  has  paid;  or,  if  it  is  a 
limited  payment  policy  and  the  premiums  are  all  paid,  he 
derives  great  satisfaction  from  his  policy,  which  absolutely 
secures  the  full  face  of  it  for  his  estate  or  family  and  will 
never  cost  him  anything  more  or  give  him  any  care  or 
anxiety;  or  if  an  endowment  policy,  he  will  himself  re- 
ceive the  full  amount  in  a  few  years. 

Another  reason  why  one  should  insure  early  is  that 
his  health  may  fail  or  his  family  record  become  such 
that  he  cannot  procure  insurance. 

If  one  has  not  insured  early  in  life,  he  will  have  to  pay 
a  larger  premium  because  the  risk  of  death  occurring  each 
year  is  greater,  but  he  will  not  have  to  make  so  many  pay- 
ments and,  at  any  age  he  will  not  pay  a  higher  premium 
than  the  value  of  the  insurance,  as  the  premiums  at  all 
ages  are  based  upon  the  same  principles  and  are  propor- 
tionate to  the  risk  assumed  by  the  company. 

The  above  statements  and  arguments  are  based  upon 
the  supposition  that  the  full  premiums  are  paid  and  only 
the  face  value  of  the  policy  returned  and  do  not  take  into 
consideration  the  surplus,  which  in  every  well  managed 
company  has  been  and  probably  will  be  a  very  consider- 
able sum.  This  surplus  is  applied  to  reducing  the  amount 
or  the  number  of  the  premiums  or  to  increasing  the  amount 
of  the  insurance  or  the  endowment.  Many  of  the  policies 
cf  the  Mutual  Life  have  been  doubled  or  even  trebled  by 
the  additions  secured  by  the  dividends.  A  life  insurance 
policy  is  a  safe  and  desirable  investment  without  any 
return  of  surplus,  but  the  dividends  add  materially  to  the 
profit  of  the  investment. 


86 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  UTAH. 


rR  many  years  the  University  ot  Utah  has  been  an 
important  (actor  in  the  development  of  the   State. 
Sufficient  evidence   of   this   is    found    in    the   large 
number  of  its  graduates   holding   positions  of  honor  and 
responsibility  throughout  the  commonwealth. 

Although  beginning  with  scarcely  more  than  a  nominal 
existence  and  having  to  struggle  for  years  against  the  most 
discouraging  difficulties,  it  now  ranks  among  the  best  col- 
legiate institutions  of  the  West.  It  was  established  by  law 
in  1850  under  a  controlling  Board  of  twelve  Regents  and  a 
Chancellor.  Orson  Spencer,  A.  M.,  whose  culture  and  ability 
made  him  a  leading  character  in  the  early  history  of  the 
State,  was  its  first  Chancellor  and  for  several  years  its 
chief  instructor.  However,  little  educational  work  was 
done  until  1867,  when  David  O.  Calder  was  appointed  Super- 
visor of  Instruction.  Under  his  direction  a  number  of  com- 
mercial courses  were  established  and  were  being  success- 


or Arts  and  Sciences,  the  State  School  of  Mines  and  the 
State  Normal  School,  and  connected  with  It  is  a  Preparatory 
School. 

In  the  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  the  ancient  and 
modern  languages,  social  and  political  sciences,  history, 
logic,  ethics,  literature,  mathematics  and  astronomy  are  the 
prominent  features.  All  these  subjects  are  presented  to  the 
students  in  the  most  practical  way  and  with  a  view  to  de- 
velop the  mind  and  to  give  that  higher  culture  which  char- 
acterizes the  true  and  refined  gentleman  and  lady.  In  this 
school  the  chief  object  is  to  afford  a  general  culture  and 
give  to  the  students  a  broad  and  liberal  scholastic  founda- 
tion for  future  intellectual  pursuits. 

The  School  of  Mines  is  an  eminently  practical  school. 
All  subjects  offered  in  its  various  courses  bear  directly  on 
the  life's  work  for  which  the  student  is  to  be  prepared. 

The  laboratories,  the  shops  and  the  foundry   are  all 


H     I  IIK    IMN  h  KM  M     "I     I    I    Ml 


fully  carried  on  when,  In  1869,  Dr.  John  R.  Park  waa  elected 
President  Under  his  management  High  School,  Normal 
ami  College  Courses  were  soon  established  and  facilities 
offered  for  a  fairly  good  liberal  education. 

Since  the  election  of  Dr.  Park  the  Institution  has  come 
up  through  varying  degree*  of  prosperity  until  three  years 
ago,  when  It  entered  upon  what  promises  to  be  a  new  era 
In  Its  history.  The  most  Important  change  connected  with 
this  recent  growth  Is  Its  new  location.  The  Institution  now 
occupies  one  of  the  most  favorable  sites  for  higher  educa- 
tion to  be  found  In  the  United  States.  Its  new  modern 
buildings,  all  erected  since  1899,  overlooking  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  and  the  fruitful  Salt  l-ako  Valley,  with  the  lofty 
Wasatch  Mountains  In  the  background,  constitute  an  almost 
Ideal  home  for  educational  work. 

The  University  an  now  organized  comprises  the  School 


arranged  according  to  the  most  modern  Ideas,  and  In  them 
students  have  superior  advantages  In  manual  training. 

The  mechanical  laboratory.  In  which  gas  and  steam  en- 
gines are  fitted  up,  Is  an  Important  factor  In  the  engineering 
courses.  Here  valuable  and  practical  experimental  work 
Is  done  by  the  students  to  familiarize  thorn  with  the  power 
and  use  of  engines.  The  carpenter  shop,  the  machine  and 
the  forging  rooms,  and  the  foundry,  where  students  spend 
several  hours  per  week  for  two  years,  enable  them  to  obtain 
a  fund  of  valuable  and  practical  Information  much  needed 
In  their  business  career.  The  chemical.  mltuTalogical  and 
assaying  laboratories  give  an  opportunity  to  students  to  do 
practical  work  In  lines  especially  Important  to  the  mining 
engineer.  In  the  electrical  laboratory  and  In  that  of  gen- 
'•ral  physics,  such  work  Is  given  as  will  prepare  the  stu- 
dents to  manage  an  electrical  plant  and  to  occupy  other 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


responsible  positions  requiring  a  good  knowledge  of  prac- 
tical electricity. 

Salt  Lake  City  is  surrounded  by  gold,  silver,  lead  and 
copper  mines,  and  the  best  concentration  and  reducing 
plants  and  smelters,  which  give  to  the  Utah  State  Mining 
School  advantages  rarely  if  ever  possessed  in  schools  of 
like  character  in  other  parts  of  the  United  States.  These 
advantages,  with  its  fine  equipments  and  men  of  ability 
doing  the  work  of  instruction,  make  it  one  of  the  best  insti- 
tutions for  thorough  and  practical  courses  in  engineering. 

The  Normal  School  has  grown  to  be  one  of  the  best  in 


the  United  States.  Eminent  educators  from  different  parts 
of  this  country  and  Canada  have  spoken  of  it  as  being 
unsurpassed  in  some  of  its  important  features  by  any  simi- 
lar school  on  the  continent.  This  school  includes  among 
other  courses  domestic  science  and  manual  training,  taught 
in  such  a  way  as  to  qualify  teachers  of  the  grades  for 
introducing  this  line  of  educational  work  into  the  common 
schools.  The  training  department  gives  each  Normal  stu- 
dent one  year's  practice  in  teaching  under  expert  and 
experienced  teachers  and  supervisors. 


THE  LATTER-DAY  SAINTS  UNIVERSITY. 


THE  Latter  Day  Saints'  University  is  the  creation  of 
the  people  whose  name  it  bears.  It  is  recognized 
and  sustained  by  them  as  a  worthy  exponent  of 
their  educational  ideals  and  as  an  efficient  promoter  of  the 
welfare  of  their  youth.  The  institution  has  hitherto  been 
known  under  the  name  and  title  of  Latter  Day  Saints'  Col- 
lege. The  change  in  name  somewhat  enlarges  the  func- 
tions and  adds  to  the  influence  of  the  institution  without 
interfering  with  its  work  or  arresting  its  development.  It 
offers  well-arranged  High  School,  Normal.  Business,  Scien- 
tific, Classical  and  Domestic  Art  courses  of  study,  with  only 


This  University  is  organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Utah  by  articles  of  incorporation  that  define  its 
powers,  prescribe  its  duties  and  indicate  specifically  its 
sphere  of  operations. 

Article  IV  declares  that  "the  nature  and  objects  of  this 
association  shall  be  to  found  a  university,  with  colleges, 
academies,  schools,  institutes,  museums,  galleries  of  art, 
libraries,  laboratories,  gymnasiums,  and  all  proper  acces- 
sories, where  instruction  of  the  highest  grade  possible  to 
its  resources  shall  be  given  to  both  sexes  in  science,  litera- 
ture, art,  mechanical  pursuits,  and  in  the  principles  of  the 


BUSINESS   COLLEGE   OF   THE   LATTER-DAY   SAINTS   UNIVERSITY. 


such  higher  or  university  work  as  its  resources  justify. 

The  mission  of  the  institution  is  solely  one  of  peace  and 
good  will.  Its  general  aim  has  been  the  same  under  each 
of  its  several  names,  and  consists  simply  in  the  intellectual, 
moral  and  practical  education  of  the  youth  of  this  com- 
munity in  those  lines  especially  which  are  not  fully  pro- 
vided for  in  the  State  system  of  education.  As  its  motto, 
"The  Lord  Is  My  Light,"  may  indicate,  moral  and  religious 
instruction  occupy  a  prominent  place  in  its  courses  of 
study.  The  work  offered  is  open  to  all  persons  of  good 
moral  character  that  are  qualified  to  pursue  any  of  the 
studies  given;  and  it  is  the  intention  to  provide  the  best  of 
instruction  in  such  lines  of  work  as  are  undertaken. 


Gospel  as  taught  by  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter 
Day  Saints.  The  chief  aim  and  object  of  the  institution 
shall  be  to  make  its  students  and  graduates  worthy  citi- 
zens and  true  followers  of  Jesus  Christ,  by  fitting  them  for 
some  useful  pursuit,  by  strengthening  in  their  minds  a  pure 
attachment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  to 
our  republican  institutions,  by  teaching  them  the  lessons 
of  purity,  morality  and  upright  conduct  and  by  giving  them, 
as  far  as  possible,  an  understanding  of  the  plan  of  salva- 
tion revealed  by  our  Lord  and  Savior  Jesus  Christ.  Nothing 
that  is  contrary  to  the  laws  of  the  land  shall  ever  be  taught 
in  said  institution." 

This  institution  was  organized  in  November,  1886,  under 


88 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    KMPIKI 


the  name  of  the  Salt  Lake  Academy,  with  Angus  M.  Cannon, 
W.  B.  Dougall.  A.  E.  Hyde,  Spencer  Clawson,  Francis  Cope, 
Rodney  C.  Badger.  William  H.  Rowe  and  William  A.  Ros- 
alter  as  Trustees,  and  Professor  Willard  Done  as  Principal. 
In  1888  Professor  James  E.  Talmage  was  chosen  Principal. 


i 


HAKKATI     H  M.I.,    I.  A  II  I-  K    II  \^     -  \  I  S  I    >    T M \  I  KM  I  Y . 

On  May  IS,  1889,  the  name  cf  the  institution  was  changed 
to  The  Latter  Day  Saints'  College,  and  the  standard  of 
instruction  was  raised.  In  January,  1892,  Professor  Willard 
Done  succeeded  Professor  Talmage  as  Principal.  On  Octo- 
ber 12,  1895,  the  Trustees  changed  the  title  of  Principal  to 
that  of  President  of  the  Faculty,  a  college  course  of  four 
years  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy 
(Ph.  B.)  was  established,  and  the  grade  and  character  of 


the  work  were  further  improved.  The  College  became  in- 
volved in  debt  and  in  the  spring  of  1899  most  of  the  teach- 
ers engaged  elsewhere.  President  Done  resigned  and  in 
July  following  Professor  J.  H.  Paul  was  elected  President. 
The  college  was  again  opened  in  September,  1899,  all  depart- 
ments being  located  in  the  Templeton  Building.  That 
school  year  was  the  most  favorable  in  the  history  of  the 
institution,  and  the  registration  of  students  reached  a  total 
of  five  hundred.  The  quarters  in  the  Templeton  became 
too  small.  The  business  department  was  then  conducted 


KIR»T  »CHOOI.    Hnl/M-.    HI  II. I     \\  I M    UK    I  11 K    M^MURI    RIVKR, 
KRECTKD  BY    IIKH.MAM    Yol'M,    IS     IMK    HMIh- 

ia  the  Social  Hall  and  all  other  departments  opened  in  the 
Lion  House.  The  year  was  a  prosperous  one,  notwithstand- 
ing the  unfavorable  conditions.  The  registration  of  stu- 
dents reached  a  total  of  five  hundred  and  sixty-six,  the 
courses  of  study  were  strengthened,  and  the  students  more 
stric  tly  classified.  The  last  year,  however,  was  more  favor- 
able than  any  of  the  former  years.  The  enlarged  faculty 
of  instruction  and  the  more  ample  accommodations  resulted 
in  the  enrollment  of  more  than  a  thousand  students.  The 
enrollment  during  the  present  year  is  greater  than  that  of 
the  year  previous,  and  the  institution  has  every  prospect  of 
continued  growth  and  increased  usefulness. 


ST.  MARY'S  ACADKMY. 


WIIKN.    in    the    early    sixths,    the    Catholic    Fathers 
entered  Salt  Lake  City  and  Utah,  there  was  no 
other   religious   denomination   represented   In   this 
State   than    the    ••Mormon*."   or    letter-Day    Saints.     The 
leader  of  that   noble  band  of  pioneers.   Brlgham   Young. 


i  in   i  H  \ri  i 

welt. inn- 1  thi-  f'niholic  Fathers  In  a  most  hospitable  man- 
ner, and  In  addition  to  tenanting  them  suitable  tracts  of  land 
upon  whir  h  t  •  .T.-I  i  ih.-lr  buildings,  assisted  them  In  many 
ways  to  advance  the  cause  which  they  r<> presented .  The 


altitude  of  the  lenders  of  the  "Mormon"  Church  toward  the 
Catholic  brothers  has  since  been  equally  as  friendly,  with 
the  result  that  there  is  a  bond  of  sympathy  and  kindly  feel- 
Ing  existing  between  the  two  organizations  that  time  serves 
I. in  to  Increase.  It  Is.  therefore,  especially  appropriate 
that  In  this  work.  Utah,  The  Inland  Empire,  special  men- 
tion should  be  made  of  the  educational  Institution  which 
has  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  stood  for  all  that  Is 
most  desirable  In  the  way  of  an  academy  for  young  ladies. 

St.  Mary's  Academy,  condui  teil  under  the  direction  of 
the  Sisters  of  the  Holy  Cross,  has  been  established  since 
1875  as  a  hounlliiK  ami  day  school  for  the  education  of 
young  girls.  Its  central  location  upon  one  of  Salt  Lake 
City's  choicest  residential  streets,  the  ample  recreation 
grounds  surrounding  the  spacious  buildings.  Its  well- 
equipped  class  rooms  anil  excellent  teachers  are  factors 
which  make  for  the  school'*  success  and  prove  Influential 
In  determining  parents  as  to  the  cholre  of  schools  for  their 
daughter*.  The  object  of  the  Academy  Is  to  prepare  young 
ladles  for  any  sphere  of  life  to  which  they  may  be  called: 
to  give  a  thorough  knowledge  of  letters,  science  and  art, 
based  upon  a  solid  moral  and  Christian  education.  As  a 
true  education  consists  In  the  harmonious  development  of 
the  moral.  Intellectual  and  physical  qualities,  a  system 
which  Ignores  or  neglects  any  of  these  elements  of  the 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


89 


triple  culture  of  the  heart,  mind  and  body  must  be  radically 
defective.  The  education  given  at  St.  Mary's  is  of  the  most 
practical  and  comprehensive  character.  It  is  intended  to 
train  the  heart  as  well  as  the  mind  to  form  women  who  will 
not  only  grace  society  with  their  accomplishments,  but 
honor  and  edify  it  by  their  virtues.  How  well  they  have 
succeeded  may  best  be  judged  by  the  high  esteem  in  which 
St.  Mary's  Academy  is  held.  Some  of  the  most  accom- 
plished ladies  of  the  West  today  are  graduates  of  this 
justly  celebrated  institution  of  learning. 

The  classes  are  carefully  graded  from  the  primary 
studies  up  to  the  work  of  the  graduating  year,  the  course 
embracing  all  the  branches  of  a  liberal  education.  The 
bodily  well-being  of  the  pupils  is  cared  for  by  the  oppor- 
tunities for  physical  culture  afforded  by  basket  ball,  tennis, 
croquet,  dancing  and  fencing  and  dumb  bell  exercise.  The 
English  course  is  systematic  and  logical,  a  thorough  ac- 
quaintance with  grammar  being  insisted  upon.  Next  the 
study  of  rhetoric  and  finally  a  study  of  the  masterpieces  of 
our  literature.  Vocal  music,  both  private  lessons  and  in 
the  general  class,  is  conducted  under  the  direction  of 
teachers  of  acknowledged  ability,  while  instruction  is  given 
upon  the  piano,  harp,  violin  and  all  the  minor  stringed 
instruments. 

In  the  art  department  special  attention  is  given  to  the 
foundation  principles  of  drawing  and  shading  upon  which 
is  built  a  superstructure  of  color  work  in  landscapes,  studies 


for  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  erected.  All  parts 
of  the  institution  are  heated  by  steam  and  lighted  by  both 
gas  and  electricity,  no  fire  being  in  any  part  of  the  Academy 
building.  The  bathrooms  are  supplied  with  hot  and  cold 
water,  and  adjoin  the  sleeping  apartments.  Special  atten- 
tion was  paid  in  erecting  the  buildings  to  light,  heat,  ven- 


A    PRIVATE   ROOM— ST.   MARY'S   ACADEMY. 

tilation,  etc.,  this  being  especially  noticeable  in  the  halls, 
dormitories  and  class  rooms.  Every  precaution  has  been 
taken  to  prevent  fire  or  accident. 

The  Sisters  at  St.  Mary's  Academy  are  all  graduates 


ST.    MARY'S   ACADEMY,  THE  STUDIO   AND   MUSIC   ROOM. 


from  lite,  etc.  Latin,  French.  German,  elocution,  sten- 
ography, penmanship  and  typewriting  are  prominent  feat- 
ures of  the  course  and  in  each  branch  and  study  competent 
teachers  have  charge  of  the  various  classes. 

The  Academy  buildings  are  built  of  brick  with  stone 
trimmings.  They  are  spacious  and  modern  in  every  essen- 
tial particular  and  are  admirably  adapted  in  every  respect 


from  the  well-known  and  justly  famous  St.  Mary's  Academy, 
Notre  Dame,  Indiana,  where  they  spent  many  years  in 
preparing  themselves  for  their  great  work,  the  proper  edu- 
cation of  youth.  Salt  Lake  City  is  proud  of  the  presence  in 
its  midst  of  an  educational  institution  conducted  upon  the 
high  order  of  St.  Mary's  Academy,  and  too  much  credit 
cannot  be  paid  the  worthy  Sisters  in  charge. 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


HOLY   CROSS   HOSPITAL. 


AMONG  the  many  evidences  which  are  presented  to 
corroborate  the  statement  that  "Utah,  The  Inland 
Empire,"  is  an  empire  in   Itself,   none  will   more 
strikingly  illustrate  the  point  that  Salt  Lake  City  is  The 


HOLY    CROSS    HOSPITAL. 
A  Urge  Iddition  il  being  completed  on  the  We«  of  the  m»in  builling. 

City  of  the  Saints  than  reference  to  its  schools,  churches 
and   hospitals.     It   Is   with   pride   that   the   publishers  call 


attention  to  the  Holy  Cross  Hospital,  which  has  established 
a  reputation  throughout  this  inter-mountain  country  as  one 
of  the  best  equipped  and  most  modern  institutions  of  its 
kind  in  the  West. 

The  hospital  was  founded  in  1876  by  the  Sisters  of 
the  Holy  Cross,  of  Notre  Dame,  Indiana,  at  the  request 
of  Rev.  Lawrence  Scanlan,  now  Bishop  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
The  buildings,  a  half-tone  engraving  of  which  accompanies 
this  article,  are  most  beautifully  located  on  an  imposing 
site  between  Tenth  and  Eleventh  East  streets,  on  First 
South  street.  The  institution  is  one  of  the  most  completely 
equipped  hospitals  in  the  West  and  has  accommodations  for 
over  100  patients.  All  the  private  apartments  and  wards, 
as  well,  are  bright,  cheerful  and  well  ventilated,  thus  con- 
tributing much  to  the  comfort  of  the  patients.  Every 
known  sanitary  appliance  has  been  installed  in  the  build- 
ings, and  nothing  conducive  to  the  well-being  of  its  pa- 
tients has  been  omitted. 

The  operating  room  is  furnished  with  all  the  most  ap- 
proved appliances  for  quick  and  effective  surgical  work, 
and  the  corps  of  physicians  are  among  the  most  noted  in 
the  State.  The  private  rooms  are  models  of  convenience, 
and  nothing  has  been  omitted  that  would  add  to  the  com- 
fort and  welfare  of  the  patients.  In  fact,  the  excellent 
reputation  of  the  numerous  Sisters  hospitals  throughout 
the  country  is  fully  sustained  by  this  most  worthy  institu- 
tion. 


F.   PLATT   COMPANY. 


THE  development  of  the  business  and  commercial  In- 
terests from  primitive  methods  to  modern  applica- 
tion Is  always  interesting  to  the  stranger  and  resi- 
dent alike.  One  of  the  important  features  of  our  growth  is 
to  be  found  In  the  F.  Platt  Company.  Since  the  days  of  ox- 
teams  and  slow  transit  in  Utah  there  has  been  nothing  like 
leather.  In  those  days  the  saddler  with  his  awl  had  to  patch 
up  broken  thongs  and  mend  and  manufacture  traces  and 
harness  for  the  teams  of  the  roysterlng  stage  coach.  Today 
hU  avocation  Is  In  equal  demand  when  it  comes  to  the  mod- 
ern trotting  harness  or  the  jockey's  saddle.  In  this  march  of 
progress  the  firm  under  discussion  has  always  maintained 
Its  position  In  the  front  rank  of  the  vanguard,  and  has  at- 
tained a  well-deserved  recognition  In  commercial  circles. 
The  store  and  factory  are  situated  at  Nos.  147-149  State 
Street,  and  are  thoroughly  metropolitan  In  appearance,  the 
stock  being  notable  for  the  variety  and  excellence  of  the 
goods.  Here  the  lover  of  horseflesh  may  purchase  the 
finest  set  of  harness  that  It  Is  possible  to  turn  out  of  a 
factory,  saddles  of  alt  descriptions  are  displayed  before  the 
gaze  of  the  visitors,  ranging  from  the  ordinary  stock  up 
to  the  highest  saddle  of  the  best  and  finest  workmanship. 
The  firm's  motto.  "Honest  goods,  sold  without  mis- 
representation, and  on  their  merits,"  has  Ix-m  the 
policy  of  the  company  from  the  earliest  days.  Today  their 
i-v.-r  increasing  trade  bears  mute  testimony  that  they  have 
kept  their  won).  Thin  lumlness  Is  now  celebrating  its 
jubilee,  for  It  was  establliihe.l  In  1852  by  F.  Platt.  father 
of  the  present  proprietor,  to  be  Incorporated  under  its 
present  name.  Thin  company  makes  •  specialty  of  stock 
saddles,  and  a  dozen  men  are  kept  busy  In  the  factory  turn- 
Ing  out  wholesale  and  retail  orders  that  come  In  by  every 


mail  from  all  over  this  inter-mountain  region.  The  senior 
member  of  this  firm,  who.  at  the  death  of  his  father  17  years 
ago  took  charge  of  the  business,  is  F.  B.  Platt.  How  well 
he  has  succeeded  has  been  fully  demonstrated  by  the  con- 
stantly Increasing  demand  for  their  goods.  Mr.  Platt  is  a 
modest  gentleman,  a  manufacturer  of  long  experience,  one 


ALL  H  M  I  "U  -   i  "I  I  n.l 
An  «J4il(p«  !•  bring  rrrrtej  «poti  the  Wrtt  that  «ill  J.-uMr  III  tirr. 

thoroughly  posted  on  everything  pertaining  to  his  trade. 
He  Is  a  man  of  straightforward,  honorable  business  meth- 
ods, universally  liked  and  respected,  and  a  Mtaunrh.  enthusi- 
astic supporter  of  home  enterprise. 


HOUSES 


COULD  a  stranger  to  Utah  take  a  hasty  panoramic  view 
of  the  physical  conformation  of  the  Commonwealth, 
he  might   well   wonder   that   the   maps   of   half   a 
century  ago,  showing  this  great  mountain  region  to  be  a 
desert,   had   been   changed.     So   vast   is   the   rugged   and 
barren    landscape    that    only    on    closer    view    would    the 
comparatively   inconsiderable   fertile   area  be   revealed   to 
break   the    monotony    of    the    apparently    limitless    waste. 
But,    confined    within    the    foothills,    surrounded    by    high 


they  knew,  for,  whether  they  knew  it  or  not,  they  were 
laying,  securely  and  deeply,  the  foundations  of  Greater 
Utah.  These  limited  areas  of  tillable  earth  reaching 
tendril-like  among  the  hills  and  hugging  closely  the  wind- 
ing streams,  are  the  bases  of  supply  that  furnish  the 
sinews  with  which  to  attack  the  far  greater  sterile  ex- 
panse and  wrest  from  it  untold  wealth. 

Utah    was    aptly    characterized    by    the    late    Colonel 
Donan  as  a  "mountain-walled  treasury  of  the  gods."    Every 


t'PPKR    PART    OK    PARK    CITY,    BHOWING    ONTARIO    AND    EMPIRE    GULCHES. 


mountains  and  following  the  wandering  streams  are  the 
"valleys  of  the  mountains,"  places  of  refuge  for  the  sturdy 
Mormon  pioneers  and  their  descendants.  In  these  valleys 
were  obtained  the  first  means  of  scanty  subsistence  for  the 
daring  tenants  who,  under  conditions  adverse  and  hazard- 
ous, reclaimed  the  primitive  soil,  developed  a  system  of 
irrigation  and  established  a  diversity  of  rural  pursuits,  all 
with  such  marked  success  as  to  win  distinction  among 
the  peoples  of  the  earth. 

It  is  but  natural  that  these  hospitable  dwelling  places, 
"the  valleys  of  the  mountains,"  should  be  held  in  high 
and  fond  regard  and  commemorated  in  sacred  song  by  the 
beneficiaries  of  their  fertility.  It  may  be  that  these 
founders  of  a  new  empire  of  wealth  builded  better  than 


lange  of  hills  and  every  mountain  peak  are  mute  but 
impressive  sentinels,  standing  everlasting  guard  over  the 
treasures  hidden  within  them.  Inside  the  boundaries  of 
the  State  is  found  nearer  a  complete  representation  of  the 
vocabularies  of  the  mineralogist  and  the  chemist  than  in 
any  other  political  or  physical  subdivision  of  mother  earth. 
Here  are  found  the  precious  metals,  gold  and  silver,  repre- 
senting imperishable  wealth  in  concentrated  form,  mediums 
ot  exchange  and  the  object  and  acme  of  all  toil.  Then 
there  are  the  baser  metals  of  the  more  extended  and  com- 
moner use,  including  iron,  the  king  of  industry,  the  measure 
of  the  pulsations  of  trade;  copper  for  which  demand  in- 
creases with  the  more  general  application  of  electricity 
to  the  uses  of  mankind;  also  lead  and  zinc,  besides  the 


92 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    JMI'IKK 


rarer  metals,  the  list  of  which  is  of  constant  growth,  all 
in  sufficient  quantities  for  profitable  operation. 

Well  distributed  for  the  purposes  of  economic  produc- 
tion are  coal  and  lime  in  inexhaustible  quantities  and 
so  located  that  one  can  easily  believe  that  the  Great 
Architect,  of  Nature  had  in  mind  the  future  working  of 
all  these  minerals  when  He  designed  and  built  up  the 
everlasting  hills.  Is  there  an  iron  deposit  in  a  particular 
section?  Adjacent  to  It  will  be  found  the  coal  with  which 
to  reduce  it.  Do  we  discover  a  refractory  ore  in  one 


oils  and  hydrocarbons  for  paints  and  waxes.  Asphalt, 
ozokerite,  gilsonite.  elaterite  and  an  endless  list  of  "ites" 
yet  unnamed  and  practically  unknown. 

This  is  not  in  part  prospective  nor  imaginative.  It  is 
not  prediction  but  reality,  for  already  Utah  has  become 
the  gathering  place  of  organized  capital  in  stupendous 
amounts,  and  the  future  promises  developments  which 
will  far  exceed  the  dreams  of  the  theorists  of  a  decade 
ago.  Already  the  Salt  I.ake  Valley  has  become  one  of  the 
greatest  smelting  points  of  the  world.  The  attention  of 


Mill      M     K-    I 


MM  M.I"   MM  i  ,  I'M.*    l'n\,   I    i  MI 


M»<  IK    I  --N...I  ll-tll  K     Mill.     Mil..   I    II ,     I     I   Ml 


totality?  Within  easy  reach  la  found  the  mineral  with 
which  In  unlt<>  It  ami  product-  the  results  we  are  looking 
for. 

Distinct  from  what  IB  primarily  known  an  mining, 
an-  vast  deposits  of  biilldlnK  rock:  Kranlto  and  sandstone 
In  Immeasurable  quant  men;  marble  In  wblteneM  and 
fineness  of  quality  equaling  the  far-famed  Carrara  of  Italy. 
Chalcedony,  onyx  and  other  product*  for  ornamentation. 
Salt  In  the  lake*  and  mountains  In  quantity  beyond  the 
of  the  finite  mind.  Cement-rook,  kaolin. 


urcat    capitalists   has   been    recently   attracted,   and    now 

ih.  \  an-  here,  and  are  making  It  a  place  of  business  with 
permanent  character.  Inxtrad  of  a  place  of  occasional 
ri-iHie/v.iiiK.  The  smoke  of  the  furnaces  of  new  workings 
Is  Mren.llni;  In  greater  volume  day  by  day  and  new  plans. 
tin  nut.  ome  of  great  enterprise,  are  being  constantly 
formulated  ami  put  Into  execution. 

Tli"  money  made  In  mining  Is  clean.  It  doe*  not  repre- 
sent the  midnight  scheming  of  the  usurer  or  the  Interest 
grabber.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  extortion  practiced 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


93 


by  the  money  broker.  It  is  not  taken  from  the  laborer, 
leaving  his  family  to  suffer,  while  others  wax  fat.  It  is 
not  the  wage  of  piracy  upon  the  homes  of  the  poor.  It 
comes  to  us  bright  and  pure,  and  is  an  addition  to  the 
wealth  of  the  world  which  benefits  all  and  injures  none. 
It  is  the  purity  of  deserved  reward  bestowed  upon  the 
energy  of  intelligent  effort. 

The  development  of  these  varied  industries  means 
much  to  the  people  of  Utah.  It  is  making  of  it  a  country 
of  export  instead  of  import.  It  is  making  of  its  people 
producers  instead  of  consumers.  It  is  reducing  the  chance 
of  dependence  upon  other  communities  to  a  minimum. 
It  is  increasing  the  population  by  creating  thousands  ot 
new  homes,  and  hundreds  of  new  enterprises. 

But  the  output  of  the  mines  is  the  best  measure  of 
their  progress  and  present  value.  Last  year  the  approxi- 
mate production  of  the  precious  metals  of  this  State  was 
$26,000,000.  For  the  month  of  October,  just  closed,  the 
product  was,  in  round  numbers,  $2,500,000,  which  means 
an  excess  of  $80,000  per  day,  created  by  the  industry  for 


and  have  to  their  credit  some  three  millions  of  dollars. 
The   Daly-West   is    now    paying   its   stockholders    $108,000 


DALY  No  I,  NEAR   PARK  CITY. 

the  local  market.  This  work  was  accomplished  by  five 
separate  smelting  plants  at  Murray  and  at  Binghain  Junc- 
tion. To  this  list  will  be  added  soon  a  well-equipped 
smelter  at  the  Majestic  properties  in  Beaver  County,  and 
a  copper  smelter  at  the  Dixie  Mine  near  St.  George,  in 
Washington  County,  both  of  which  are  well  advanced  In 
construction. 

In  reviewing  the  localities  of  active  production,  the 
camp  of  Park  City,  which  last  year  produced  46  per  cent 
of  the  mineral  wealth  of  Utah,  stands  at  the  head.  Out  of 
150  mines  in  the  United  States  which  have  paid  dividends, 
25,  or  about  16  per  cent,  are  located  in  Utah.  Of  these 
only  four  are  at  Park  City,  but  they  are  permanently  in 
the  list,  and  their  aggregate  contributions  to  the  dividend 
fund  far  exceeds  the  profits  of  all  the  others.  First  comes 
the  Ontario,  with  a  record  of  nearly  fifteen  millions  of 
money,  divided  among  its  shareholders.  The  Silver  King 
has  distributed  nearly  six  millions  of  dollars  to  the 
fortunate  possessors  of  its  stock.  It  is  now  paying  $100,- 
000  per  month  and  completes  the  baker's  dozen  for  the 
year  by  an  extra  distribution  of  a  like  amount  at  Christmas. 
The  Daly-West  and  the  Quincy,  the  latter  having  been 
absorbed  by  the  former,  are  the  remaining  profit  payers, 


STOPIXfi   OX   THE  900  FOOT  LEVEL  OF  THE   DALY-WEST. 

net  per  month  from  a  monthly  production  of 
$200,000,  which  enables  the  laying  up  of  a 
large  surplus,  with  indications  of  an  imita- 
tion of  the  Silver  King  in  relation  to  an  extra 
dividend  about  Christmas  time. 

More  attention  is  being  given  to  this  camp 
than  to  any  other  one  in  the  State.  Within 
the  last  year  there  have  been  a  number  of 
organizations  formed  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
veloping large  groupings  of  wonderfully 
promising  worth.  Further  steps  of  a  similar 
nature  are  under  consideration.  A  large 
amount  of  development  work,  mill  building 
and  the  instalment  of  expensive  machinery 
is  being  vigorously  prosecuted  throughout 
the  camp,  and  among  the  promoters  are 
many  of  the  men  who  have  played  a  prom- 
inent part  in  giving  Utah  a  place  in  the  mine 
producing  list.  The  product  of  this  camp  is 
chiefly  silver  and  lead,  with  uniformly  fair 
values  in  gold  and  an  occasional  appearance 
of  copper.  Recently,  however,  strikes  have 
been  made  in  the  bonanza  neighborhood  dis- 
closing values  in  gold  close  to  two  thousand 


ORK   CHUTE.-.— THE    [>AI.Y-\\  KM  . 


dollars  to  the  ton.  From  present  indications  Park  City 
seems  destined  to  hold  first  place  as  a  leading  producer, 
unless  something  phenomenal  should  occur  elsewhere. 


94 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


Bingham  is  second  in  point  of  production,  and  Is  the 
oldest  camp  In  the  State.  On  the  theories  of  modern  min- 
ing, large  enterprises  have  been  launched  and  great 


large  scale  and  the  field  is  well  occupied.    The  ore  bodies, 
carrying  silver  and  lead,  and  found  at  or  near  the  surface 


BULLION-BECK   MINE.     DIVIDENDS  *l>oo.oo3.oo 

amounts  of  capital  have  been  invested.  The  theories  of 
experts  have  been  proven  and  the  conclusions  of  science 
have  been  victoriously  conflrmed.  Bingham  is  distinc- 


BULLION-BICK   MILL.     <   M'Ai  I  I  V   loo  TONS. 

lively  a  rump  of  x-rnarkahly  large  bodies  of  ore,  carrying 

moderate    valn.'H    ami    found    at    great    depth.      On    that 

MI    the  camp  Is  a   Held   for  organised   capital  on  • 


A  POOR   PLACE   FOR   AUTOMOBILES. 

years  ago,  have  Increased  in  size  as  depth  has  been 
attained,  and  now  copper  ores  carrying  good  values  in  gold 
predominate.  In  addition  to  the  wealth  it  is  creating, 
Bingham  is  playing  an  additional  important  part  by  at- 
tracting heavy  Eastern  investors  who  have,  for  a  half 
century,  been  wedded  to  the  copper  properties  of  the 
Lake  Superior  region.  As  the  chief  corporations  operating 
in  this  section  are  what  are  known  as  "close  corpora- 
tions," the  details  of  their  operations  and  their  receipts 
are  not  divulged,  yet  there  is  a  well-grounded  rumor  that 
the  ores  in  the  lower  levels  carry  a  sufficient  amount  of 
gold  to  enable  them  to  produce  copper  at  a  profit  should 
the  price  of  the  red  metal  decline  to  the  very  low  figure 
of  four  cents  per  pound.  This  rumor  is  substantiated  by 
continued  and  increased  efforts  in  every  copper-bearing 
property  in  the  camp,  regardless  of  the  unpleasant  and 
steady  decline  in  the  price  of  that  metal. 

Among  the  companies  with  large  holdings  in  Bingham, 
three  have  Independent  smelters  for  reducing  the  output 
of  their  own  mines.  The  Utah  Consolidated,  better  known 
as  the  Highland  Boy.  has  a  smelter  at 
Murray,  from  which  five  cars  of  pig  cop- 
per Is  sent  weekly  to  the  Eastern  refiner- 
ies. The  Bingham  Copper  and  Gold,  with 
Its  close  ally,  the  Bingham  Consolidated, 
and  other  allied  interests  In  the  camp, 
owns  and  operates  its  own  smelters  at 
Bingham  Junction,  with  an  output  ap- 
proaching that  of  the  Highland  Boy.  The 
United  States  Company,  controlling  the 
Centcnnial-Eureka,  at  Tlntlc.  and  numer- 
ous Bingham  holdings,  has  Just  complet- 
ed a  well-arranged  and  thoroughly  equip 
ped  smelter,  with  all  modern  appllancca 
for  economic  operation  at  Bingham  June 
tlon  at  a  coat  of  about  |1,000.000.  This 
latest  enterprise  not  only  adds  to  the 
produetn  of  tin*  camp,  but  will  materially 
•well  the  total  output  of  tin-  Stale  The 
Boston-Consolidated  has  conducted  a  long 
and  persistent  campaign  of  development 
on  an  extremely  large  scale,  and  while 
Inn  meager  reports  of  the  showing  are 
made  public.  It  In  generally  known  that  a 
period  of  production  will  soon  commoner  which  will  equal. 
If  not  surpass,  the  performance  of  Its  Illustrious  neighbors. 
Numerous  other  properties  of  equal  worth  In  perspective 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


95 


are  also  being  developed  under  well-arranged  combinations 
of  capital  directed  by  competent  mining  engineers. 

Bingham  seems  to  be  the  Mecca  for  Eastern  investors. 


Aside  from  properties  of  the  character  mentioned,  there 
are  many  lesser  lights  awaiting  the  action  of  the  enthusi- 
astic promoter  in  arranging  an  attractive  display  for  men 
of  means.  The  working  population  of  Bingham  is  mate- 
rially benefited  by  a  good  contingent  of  small  operators 
who  carry  on  a  profitable  system  of  leasing,  and  whose 
products  add  considerably  to  the  total  output  and  income 
of  the  camp. 


-    THE  WABASH   MINE  IN  THE  PARK  CITY  ^DISTRICT. 

With    conditions    favoring    mining    on    a    large    scale,    it 
meets  the  modern  demand  for  centralization.     With  large 


THE  CACTUS  MINE,  BEAVER  COUNTY,  UTAH. 

areas  and  proved  values  at  great  depth,  it  presents  favor- 
able opportunities  for  those  who  desire  to  win  fame  as 
well  as  wealth  by  the  magnitude  of  their  operations. 


PULLMAN  AND  LUCKY'  BILL  SHAFTS  OF  THE  DALY-WEST. 

The  Tintic  mining  district  around  Eureka  in  Juab 
County,  is  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  resourceful 
mining  camps  in  the  State.  It  is  the  home  of  a  number  of 
dividend-paying  mines,  whose  ores  are  rich  in  the  precious 
metals.  It  is  favorably  located  and  has  the  advantage  of 
excellent  railroad  and  smelter  facilities.  Eastern  capital 
has  invested  large  amounts  in  this  favored  camp,  and  its 
stocks  meet  a  ready  demand.  The  mines  send  a 
continuous  output  to  the  smelt- 
ers, carrying  copper,  lead,  silver 
and  gold.  Some  of  its  mines  are 
operated  on  a  large  scale,  but  as 
compared  with  Bingham  and 
Park  City,  it  is  a  camp  of  small- 
er properties.  It  is  also  distin- 
guished by  an  abundance  of  si- 
licious  ores  which  are  much 
sought  after  by  smelter  men.  On 
this  account  it  plays  an  impor- 
tant part  in  contributing  to  the 
smelter  industry,  as  that  class  of 
ores  is  greatly  desired  for  flux- 
ing purposes.  Among  the  larger 
producers  is  the  Gemini,  a  close 
corporation,  which  in  October 
handed  out  a  handsome  dividend 
of  $100,000,  making  a  total  of 
$850,000  of  such  payments.  The 
Grand  Central  and  the  Mammoth 
are  prominent  neighboring  prop- 
erties with  great  earning  capa- 
city, and  have  produced  won- 
derfully rich  ore,  but  on  ac- 
count of  long  drawn  out  and 
bitterly  contested  litigation 
they  have  ceased  to  pay 

dividends.  Their  combined  dividends  paid  prior  to  the 
beginning  of  legal  troubles  aggregate  over  two  million  and 
a  half  dollars.  The  Centennial-Eureka  has  disbursed  to 


96 


I  TAH—  THK    INLAND    KMFIRK 


Its  owners  $2,667,700.  With  recent  strikes  of  great 
promise  and  the  movement  of  its  ores  to  the  new 
smelter  of  the  United  States  Company,  a  resumption  of 
profit  disbursements  will  take  place.  Among  the  other 


with  every  indication  of  ultimate  success.  An  important 
feature  in  connection  with  this  region  has  developed  within 
recent  months  in  the  way  of  a  reduction  of  freight  and 
smelter  charges  on  its  ores.  By  a  fortunate  arrangement 


EUREKA,  ONE  OF  UTAH'S  PROSPEROUS  CAMPS. 


properties  of  note  in  this  camp,  and  which  have  handed 
out  profits  to  their  shareholders  are  the  Bullion-Beck,  with 
$2.500,000  to  Its  credit,  the  Swansea,  with  over  $300,000; 


between  the  railroad  operators  and  smelter  men,  the 
mine  operators  giving  willing  encouragement,  a  system  of 
concessions  were  Inaugurated  by  which  the  vast  amount 
of  ore  is  being  transported  and  turned  into 
money.  The  benefits  from  this  adjustment 
have  been  many.  The  smelters  are  being 
provided  with  greatly  desired  ores,  while 
the  mines,  which  were  congested  with  low- 
craile  stuff,  are  being  cleaned  out.  which 
facilitates  their  operation,  gives  profit  in 
place  of  losses  and,  In  some  instan<  M,  h:i\  •• 
been  productive  of  strikes  which  would  not 
have  otherwise  been  made.  More  men  are 
employed  In  both  the  mines  and  on  the 
niiirnails.  and  the  revenues  have  been  In- 
creased to  all  the  parties  In  Interest.  All 
this  occurred  as  the  result  of  the  well<li 
rected  efforts  (if  CIM>!  heads  by  an  equitable 
participation  In  tin-  mini,  ni  the  and  take 
Stockton  Is  another  history-maker,  and 
from  It.  y<>ars  ago.  good  values  In  load  and 
sometimes  phenomenal  values  In  silver  were 
obtained  In  large  quantities.  In  recent  years 
however,  the  output  has  been  considerably 
minimized.  The  camp,  however.  Is  not  an 
Idle  one  It  Is  distinctively  a  pi;i 

HO*TH   AMD  IOUTH  »WAN»IA,  NIAft  iltV  «*  CITV.  UTAH.  deep       m|n|nK       an(1       we||       directed       efforts 

the  South  Swansea,  with  nearly  $200.000.  Then  there  on  a  Urge  scale  are  being  applied  to  many  of  Its  proper- 
are  the  Yankee-Consolidated,  the  Uncle  Sam,  the  Carisa  tie*.  The  Honerlne  Is  especially  deserving  of  mention, 
and  the  May-Day.  Many  other  properties  are  being  worked  Of  the  values  obtained  from  this  property  and  the  still 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


97 


greater  ones  yet  in  its  workings,  there  is  no  doubt.  The 
ore  bodies  remaining  consist  of  a  series  of  five  ore  chutes 
of  great  dimensions  that  are  now  under  water.  Unsuccess- 
ful and  expensive  efforts  have  heretofore  been  made  to 
drain  the  property  by  pumps.  At  present 
a  drain  tunnel  over  a  mile  and  a  half  in 
length  is  being  run  at  the  remarkable  rate 
of  twenty  feet  per  day.  This  tunnel  will  tap 
the  ore  bodies  and  drain,  not  only  the  mine, 
but  many  neighboring  properties,  in  Febru- 
ary next.  This  being  done,  a  tremendous 
output  of  ore  will  begin  and  continue  for 
an  indefinite  time.  The  other  properties  will 
be  equally  relieved,  and  a  campaign  of  de- 
velopment and  shipment,  for  which  prepa- 
rations are  being  generally  and  actively  made 
will  then  follow,  and  Stockton  will  be  again 
entitled  to  a  prominent  place  among  the 
great  mining  camps  of  Utah.  Numerous 
other  properties  in  this  locality  are  being 
worked  with  every  indication  of  a  success- 
ful issue. 

Further  to  the  south  is  the  Ophir  Hill 
Mine,  provided  with  a  mill  from  which  a 
large  amount  of  concentrates  is  continually 
being  sent.  This  is  a  close  corporation,  and 
but  little  of  detail  is  divulged.  It  is  re- 
ported that  the  property  is  an  unusually 
good  one,  and  this  report  is  actually  verified  by  substantial 
shipments. 

In  the  West  Mountain  mining  district  west  of  Bingham, 


with      a      confidence      characteristic      of      the      business. 
Then  there  is  the  great  Deep  Creek  country,  contain- 
ing numerous   mining   districts   and   still   more  numerous 
mines  and  prospects.     This  district  is  badly  handicapped 


HIGHLAND  BOY  MINE,  BINGHAM  CANYON,  UTAH. 

by  the  absence  of  railways,  and  many  meritorious  proper- 
ties are  being  held  with  the  hope  that  improved  transpor- 
tation facilities  will  some  day  be  furnished.  The  Utah 


THE   HORN-SILVER   MINE  AND  MILL,  FRISCO,  UTAH.     DIVIDENDS  J5,)4l,ooo.oo. 


in  Tooele  County,  is  situate  the  old  Mona,  and  many  other 
likely  properties  that  are  being  worked  with  greater  or  less 
activity  by  their  respective  promoters,  who  are  imbued 


Mine,  at  Fish  Springs,  in  the  western  portion  of  Juab 
County,  is  an  exception  to  the  enforced  rule  of  idleness 
which  prevails  in  that  section.  From  it  shipments  are 


98 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


regularly  made,  and  dividends  are  being  paid  monthly. 
This  plucky  little  giant,  confronted  with  a  haul  by  wagon 
of  some  eighty  miles  across  the  desert,  has  distributed 
over  $200,000  to  its  shareholders.  The  product  is  galena, 
carrying  sometimes  startlingly  high  values  In  silver,  and 


YANKEE  CONSOLIDATED,  SHOWING  TUNNEL  HOUSE. 

recent  reports  indicate  that  its  best  days  are  yet  to  come. 

Scattered  through  this  region  it  is  believed  there  are 
many  duplicates  to  the  Utah  which  will  in  days  to  come 
richly  reward  their  patient  and  plucky  owners. 

A  new  candidate  for  especial  honors  is  Beaver  County, 
the  home  of  the  famous  Horn  Silver,  which  stands  well 
at  the  head  of  the  bread-winning  list,  with 
disbursements  aggregating  over  five  millions 
of  dollars,  and  which  still  continues  ship- 
ments. This  section  about  Frisco  and  Mil- 
ford  has  been  brought  into  new  prominence 
by  the  recent  and  unparalleled  performance 
of  the  O.  K.  Mine  near  the  latter  place,  and 
which  Is  owned  by  the  Majestic  Company. 
This  Is  a  copper  proposition,  and  it  has 
broken  the  well-known  rules  of  copper  pro- 
duction by  furnishing  large  quantities  of  the 
red  metal  at  a  depth  of  only  200  feet.  Two 
shipments  In  particular,  approximating  a 
dozen  cars  each,  and  carrying  upwards  of 
40  per  cent,  copper,  about  $5  In  gold  and  fair 
values  tn  silver,  being  a  revelation  to  min- 
ing circles.  Report  has  followed  report  con- 
cerning this  property,  with  cumulative  evi- 
dence as  to  its  worth.  Its  reputation  baa 
made  the  locality  an  attraction  for  men  of 
means  and  the  most  skilled  talent  In  the 
mining  world,  with  the  result  that  the  differ- 
ent ramps  have  among  their  Investors  and 
backers  a  combination  of  wealth  and  expe- 
ri. •!!.-,•  that  speaks  derisively  for  IU  great 
and  continued  development. 

Among  the  neighboring  properties  under  management* 
that  an>  making  unusual  efforts  In  the  way  of  development 
are  the  Imperial,  the  Royal,  the  Bluebird,  the  Beaver- 
Cnnnolldated  and  many  others,  which  are  further  stimu- 
lated by  the  prospects  of  a  savin*  on  freight  In  having 
their  ores  treated  by  the  Majestic  Company's  smelter,  now 
being  erected. 


The  production  of  gold  in  Utah  is  increasing.     While 
the  change  In  price  of  other  metals  may  bring  discourage- 
ments, the  value  of  gold  is  fixed,  and  its  accumulation  is 
therefore  the  highest  ambition  of  mining  men.    While  this 
has  never  been  a  placer  country,  yet  with 
the  Improved  methods  for  this  mode  of  ex- 
traction, the  impetus    of    gold-seekers    In- 
creases, and  the  output  of  the  yellow  metal 
Is  becoming  a  constantly  growing  fixture  In 
the  State. 

Mercur  is  really  the  pioneer  gold  camp  of 
the  State.  Here  was  inaugurated  the  cyan- 
ide process.and  the  same  management  which 
first  adopted  its  use  is  now  operating  the 
Consolldated-Mercur  mines,  and  pays  regular 
dividends  of  $30,000  per  month.  The  Sacra- 
mento, near  by,  while  abandoning  dividends 
for  a  time,  is  in  active  operation,  and  greatly 
encouraged  by  prospects  from  a  rich  strike 
of  cinnabar  recently  made. 

The  Annie  Laurie,  in  the  Gold  Mountain 
country,  another  gold  producer,  has  made 
wonderful  progress  during  the  last  two 
years,  and  made  its  first  distribution  in  Oc- 
tober of  $20,000,  which  amount  will  probably 
soon  be  increased.  Near  by  are  the  Wedge, 
Golden  Rule.  Dalton  and  the  Holland,  all  fol- 
lowers of  the  cyanide  plan,  and  all  being 
looked  upon  as  coming  mines;  and  such  are 
for  the  most  part  undergoing  active  development. 

Away  to  the  northwest,  In  Box  Elder  County,  near 
the  Idaho  line,  is  the  Park  Valley  country,  made  famous 
by  the  Century,  which,  after  many  vicissitudes,  is  now 
producing  from  $8.000  to  $10,000  in  gold  per  month.  It 
has  been  eagerly  watched  by  a  multitude  of  claim  holders 


AN   M  l(    I  Kit     DPill  1    IN  OPERATION  IN  THE  YANKEE  MINE. 

In  that  district,  and  Indications  all  point  to  a  large  area 
which  will  be  productive  of  gold  In  paying.  If  not  In  high 
values. 

Tli'-n  at  State  Line,  in  Iron  County,  the  Ophlr.  while 
originally  a  silver  property.  Is  now  yielding  ore>  In  which 
gold  predominates. 

There  are  many  other  district*,  localities  and  groups 
scattered  throughout  the  State  of  more  or  less  note  and 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


99 


worth.  In  fact,  no  part  of  Utah  can  be  said  to  be  barren 
of  the  precious  metals.  The  country  has  yet  scarcely  been 
scratched  by  the  prospector,  while  to  the  operator  it  is 
mostly  virgin  ground.  Modern  mining  has  been  reduced 
to  an  exact  science,  and  is  not  only  a  legitimate,  but  a 
certain  and  successful  industry.  Utah  is  essentially  a 
country  of  mining  which  requires  large  combinations  of 
capital.  The  first  failure  is  yet  to  be  scored  where 
abundant  financial  backing  has  been  directed  by  experience 
gained  in  nature's  school  of  mines.  The  State  is  an  invit- 
ing field  to  the  investor.  Its  mineral  products  are  rapidly 
increasing  and  a  true  forecast  of  the  industry's  future 
would  doubtless  be  looked  upon  as  an  exaggeration,  as 
much  as  would  have  a  prediction  of  conditions  existing 
today,  had  it  been  made  ten  years  ago. 

There    are    numerous    other    minerals    in    Utah,    the 


lies  over  another  in  various  thicknesses.  Here  are  found 
a  fair  quality  of  anthracite  and  coking  coal  with  anneal- 
ing qualities  equal  to  the  best  production  of  Pennsylvania 
and  West  Virginia. 

But  if  Utah  excels  in  the  quality  and  quantity  of  any 
one  metal  found  within  its  borders,  that  one  metal  is  iron. 
The  area  of  the  higher  grade  ore,  while  large,  is  confined 
to  three  localities,  Iron  Mountain,  Iron  Springs  and  Desert 
Mountain,  all  in  Iron  County.  The  outcroppings  of  this 
metal  in  that  region  are  said  to  cover  an  area  approximat- 
ing seven  thousand  acres,  with  a  thickness  beyond  belief, 
and  an  estimated  capacity  approaching  a  billion  tons.  They 
extend  about  the  base  of  the  mountain  and,  reaching  back 
under  the  desert,  rest  on  a  granite  formation,  and  are  cov- 
ered with  limestone,  upon  which  is  deposited  the  sands  of 
the  surface.  These  deposits  have  been  the  object  of  the 


SALT   LAKE   AND   MERCUR   RAILROAD. 


production  of  which  is  closely  allied  to  many  industries, 
and  to  speak  of  all  of  them  intelligently  would  require 
a  book  of  itself. 

As  to  the  presence  of  oil  in  Utah  there  can  be  no 
doubt,  but  as  yet  the  efforts  to  obtain  it  in  commercial 
quantities  have  been  attended  with  indifferent  results. 
A  number  of  companies,  however,  are  now  drilling  with 
indications  of  success.  Hydrocarbons  for  pavement  mak- 
ing, paints,  waxes  and  other  uses  that  make  up  a  growing 
list,  are  being  mined  at  Soldier  Summit  and  north  of  Price, 
and  shipped  to  the  Eastern  market.  Experiments  with 
favorable  results  have  been  made  in  extracting  hydro- 
carbons from  the  enormous  shale  beds  found  in  Utah, 
Wasatch,  Juab  and  San  Pete  Counties,  and  lubricants, 
paint  oils  and  parafflne  are  promised  from  that  source. 

Utah  is  supplied  with  coal  for  meeting  the  demand 
for  ages  to  come.  It  occurs  in  Iron  County  in  liberal 
quantities,  and  in  the  counties  of  Carbon  and  Emery  its 
extent  can  be  measured  by  townships  where  one  stratum 


investigation  of  capitalists  for  many  years,  and  a  few 
months  ago  the  combined  area  was  purchased  by  an  East- 
ern syndicate  whose  exact  connections  are  not  known. 
The  deal  was  consummated  by  P.  L.  Kimberly  and  Frank 
Buhl,  and  that  the  purchase  was  for  business  purposes 
is  attested  by  the  enormous  price  paid;  the  sum  of  two 
and  one-quarter  million  dollars. 

In  speaking  of  this  locality,  after  the  deal  was  closed, 
John  T.  Jones,  a  veteran  iron  operator  from  Iron  Mountain, 
Michigan,  and  upon  whose  report  the  purchase  was  made, 
predicted  that  within  ten  years  Utah  would  be  the  banner 
iron-producing  State  of  the  Union.  In  1893  Mr.  Jones  read 
a  paper  before  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers 
at  Montreal,  Canada,  and  predicted  that  within  ten  years 
from  that  time  the  State  of  Minnesota,  then  with  an  out- 
put of  less  than  1,000,000  tons  per  year,  would  produce 
10,000,000  tons  annually.  During  the  present  year,  or  nine 
years  after  the  prediction  was  made,  Minnesota  will  pro- 
duce over  12,000,000  tons  of  iron.  Mr.  Jones  says  he  is 


100 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRK 


equally  as  confident  as  to  the  accuracy  of  his  estimate  of 
Utah's  future  as  he  was  of  Minnesota's  future  ten  years 
ago.  Since  this  purchase  was  completed  the  deposits  have 
been  explored  by  tunnels,  drifts  and  drills  operated  by 
a  small  army  of  men,  and  it  is  now  believed  that  the 
development  of  this  deposit,  and  the  founding  of  the 
greatest  Industry  yet  known  to  Utah  will  soon  begin. 
Authentic  reports  state  that  the  present  owners  are  prepar- 
ing to,  and  will  expend  the  vast  sum  of  $30,000,000  in 
building  railroads,  erecting  furnaces  and  furnishing  equip- 
ment with  which  to  work  the  property  and  to  produce 
every  manner  of  product  known  to  that  complex  and 
gigantic  industry. 

Salt  Lake  City  is  not  only  the  center  of  the  industries 
within  Utah,  of  which  it  is  the  capital  city,  but  of  those 
situated  over  a  good  part  of  the  States  of  Nevada  and 
Idaho.  Whatever  may  be  the  results,  no  matter  how  large, 
of  the  development  of  all  these  mighty  industries  of 
mining  In  every  form,  she  is  bound  to  be  the  chief  bene- 
ficiary. Already  the  city  is  famous.  Attracted  by  the 


multifarious  advantages  she  possesses,  the  capitalist  is 
seeking  Salt  Lake  as  his  home  and  the  place  is  becoming 
noted  for  Its  many  fine  homes  and  mansions.  Denver  has 
been  long  considered  the  leader  of  all  Western  cities  in 
this  respect,  but  the  crown  is  passing  from  her  keeping. 
Utah's  capital  has  advantages  which  the  great  city  of 
Colorado  can  never  hope  to  attain.  With  the  great 
mountains  at  her  back  she  sits  a  queen  of  the  hills  on  a 
throne  of  verdure,  while  at  her  feet  dash  the  waves  of 
the  great  inland  sea  of  America.  The  rising  sun  lights 
up  her  domes  and  minarets  with  glory,  while  his  good- 
night rays  bathe  all  her  nooks  with  a  celestial  radiance. 
With  her  days  of  continued  brightness  and  her  atmosphere 
of  ever  continued  health,  she  offers  advantages  which  no 
other  city  in  all  this  broad  land  possesses.  Into  the  varied 
channels  of  her  commercial  life  the  never-ending  and 
constantly  increasing  tribute  of  the  mines  is  poured,  and 
day  by  day,  year  by  year,  she  grows  in  wealth,  in  beauty 
and  in  all  those  things  which  move  to  the  making  of  a 
perfect  American  metropolis. 


DIVIDENDS  PAID   BY   UTAH   MINES. 


NAME  OF  MINE 

LOCATION  OF  MINE 

PAIII  IN  1900 

PAID  IN  1901 

Ti"TAL  PAIII  in 

DATK 

AJax   

Tintic  District                                     . 

$   

| 

9    1  000000 

Bullion  Beck   

Tintic  District 

2,428  400 

Centennial  Eureka               

Tintic  District 

257,500 

200,000 

2  597  700 

Consolidated  Mercur                     

Mercur  (Camp  Floyd) 

110000 

375,000 

485.000 

Carlsa  . 

Tintic  District 

30,000 

30,000 

Chloride  Point 

5  000 

Crescent 

Park  City 

280.000 

Daly  -West  

Park  City                            

487.500 

547.500 

1,155,000 

Dalton  and  l.arK 

262.500 

350,000 

Daly 

Park  City 

2.925,000 

Eureka  Hill                        

Tintic  District 

1,850.000 

ifalrna                           .               ... 

Fish   Springs 

71  000 

Gemenl 

Tintic   District 

10,  

950000 

Gpy  per-  Marion 

Bingham 

96  000 

Grand  Central 

Tintic  District 

25.000 

533  500 

Horn  Silver  

Frisco  District  

20,000 

32.000 

5  312  000 

Mammoth       

Tintic  District  

200,000 

100,000 

1  870  000 

Mercur.    .      .          .... 

Mercur  (Camp  Floyd)  

115,000 

1  483  000 

May  Day 

Tintic  District  

18.000 

18  000 

Ontario  

Park  City  

90.000 

74.000 

13  737  600 

Petro 

Bingham  

BO  ooo 

Oulncv 

Park  City  

725.000 

726  000 

Silver  King  

Park  City  

1.000.000 

1.275,000 

4  725  000 

Silver  Shield  

Park  City  

1  500 

3.000 

1  "iiid 

Sacramento  .  .           .    . 

MiTcur  (Camp  Floyd)  

15.000 

116  000 

South  Swansea  . 

Tintic   District  

7.500 

170000 

Swansea  .... 

Tintic   District  

70.000 

29,000 

301  500 

Utah. 

Fish  Springs  

12.000 

192  800 

Uncle  Sam  Connolldatcd 

Tintic  District  

45000 

46000 

Utah  Consolidated  

Blngham  

.;::  

63000 

Utah  Consolidated  (Highland  Boy) 

KliiKham.  . 

732000 

731.000 

Totals  

$  :•  i-jx  |  

}    1  :,  ir,  |  

In'ToaM  for  1901  

2.171.000 

$  4  4.  200.900 

Note — The  dividends  for  1902  are  not  accessible  at  this  time  In  their  entirety  owing  to  the  fact  that  some  of 
them  are  not  dwlarod  until  late  In  Doootnber.  Indications,  however,  point  to  a  substantial  Increase  over  last  year's 
figure*. 


A   GROUP  OF  UTAH   MINES. 


GRAND  CENTRAL  MINE. 

SACREMENTO  HOISTING  WORKS,  MRRCUK. 

TVPICAL  UTAH  MINE. 


CRESCENT  MINE,  PARLEY'S  PARK,  UTAH. 
GEYSER-MARION,  MERCUR. 
FOUR  ACE  MINE,  SILVER  CITY. 


1O2 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    KM  PI  RE 


SALT  LAKE  AND  MERCUR   RAILROAD. 


FEW  MINING  CAMPS  in  America  are  better  equipped 
with  transportation  facilities  than  Mercur,  the  mar- 
vellous gold  camp  of  Utah,  and  nothing  could  reflect 
the  greatness  of  "the  Johannesburg  of  America"  better  than 
Its  superior  railroad  connections.    This  is  to  such  an  extent 


JOSEPH  c.  JACOBS 

true  that  It  has  become  a  maxim  In  mining  circles  that  where 
capital  seeks  investment  in  railroads  there  must  be  certainty 
rather  than  speculation.  In  the  latter  sixties  and  for  many 
years  thereafter  the  district  had  been  thoroughly  prospected 
and  worked  for  silver.  Among  those  who 
operated  In  the  district  In  the  early  days 
were  the  late  Senator  George  C.  Hearst  of 
California  and  the  late  Marcus  Daly,  the 
Kri-at  copper  king  of  Montana.  The  district 
died  at  the  time  of  the  great  silver  slump 
and  wan  resurrected  by  the  discovery  of 
gold  and  the  Invention  of  a  process  that 
made  It  profitable  to  work.  But  even  with 
the  deposits  of  gold  In  the  ramp  It  could 
not  have  been  the  great  camp  of  today  with- 
out the  transportation  facilities  which  It  now 
enjoys,  and  for  that  reason  the  agency  which 
has  affected  this  Intimacy  of  relation  be- 
tween the  mining  Industry  of  Mercur  and 
the  great  outer  world  must  be  recognized  as 
a  vital  element  In  the  unrivaled  development 
and  pri)H|><>rlly  of  Utah's  wonder  camp.  That 
aK'-nry  has  been  In  the  major  portion  one 
man.  and  the  name  of  that  man  will  be  rec- 
ognized In  the  title  of  this  article.  In  which 
will  be  briefly  told  the  story  of  his  eventful 
career. 

Joseph  G.  Jacobs  waa  born  on  a  farm  In 
Clark  County,  Ohio,  fifty  years  ago.    He  was 
raised  In  the  farming  region*  of  Ohio  until  he  engag'''!  in 
business  upon  his  own  account  In  Springfield,  Ohio.     Bust- 
n«w  perception  and  executive  ability  were  his  heritage,  and 


these  had  been  supplemented  by  an  education  which  fitted 
him  for  the  creation,  control  and  expansion  of  extensive 
interests.  Accordingly  we  find  him  engaged  in  contracting 
and  sub-contracting  on  railroad  work  in  various  parts  of 
the  West.  He  was  an  experienced  railroad  builder  before 
he  came  to  Utah  in  the  early  '90s,  where  he  at  once  identi- 
fied himself  with  the  best  interests  of  his  adopted  State.  One 
of  his  first  enterprises  was  the  building  of  the  West  Side 
(City  and  Suburban)  Railroad,  a  road  which  was  of  incalcu- 
lable benefit  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  suburbs  along  its  line. 
The  road  prospered  until  the  financial  depression  of  1893, 
when  along  with  practically  every  other  enterprise  it 
suffered  from  the  effects  of  the  unsettled  conditions  then 
existent.  The  road  has  been  kept  constantly  in  operation, 
however,  and  is  now  enjoying  a  good  traffic.  Mr.  Jacobs 
after  completing  the  West  Side  road  looked  about  for  an 
opportunity  to  build  a  road  which  hard  times  would  not 
affect.  The  thriving  little  mining  camp  of  Mercur  was 
practically  isolated,  all  supplies  and  ores  being  hauled  by 
team,  an  expensive  and  slow  method  of  handling  such  quan- 
tities of  freight  as  were  daily  required  for  the  mines.  Mr. 
Jacobs  carefully  examined  the  district  and  speculated  upon 
Its  possibilities.  He  then  made  valuable  ore  hauling  con- 
tracts and  soon  had  the  road  under  course  of  construction 
and  completed. 

The  road  is  fourteen  miles  in  length,  and  connects 
with  the  Oregon  Short  I.ine  at  Fairfield,  Utah.  Mercur.  one 
of  the  greatest  gold  camps  in  the  world,  is  the  other  termi- 
nus. The  road  Is  a  series  of  "cuts"  and  "fills"  and  reverse 
i  urves  from  start  to  finish.  In  the  short  distance  of  nine  miles 
the  road  makes  an  ascent  of  1,986  feet.  Despite 
all  the  scenic  attractions  and  the  constant  squirm- 
ing and  winding  of  the  road,  it  has  been  pronounced  by 
experts  to  be  one  of  the  safest  and  best  managed  in  the 
country,  and  it  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  notwithstanding 
that  thousands  of  passengers  and  thousands  of  carloads  of 
freight  are  annually  hauled,  there  has  never  been  an  accl- 


m«Cl  K.  L'TAH'5  I.KIAT  CJOI.IJ  CAMP. 

•  i'-ni  that  could  be  attributed  to  mismanagement.  This  Is 
a  wonderful  n-cord  for  a  road  that  has  more  curves  to  It 
than  a  corkscrew  and  one  that  In  operated  during  all 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


103 


seasons  of  the  year.  Mr.  Jacobs  is  the  Vice-President, 
General  Manager  and  owner  of  this  remarkable  railroad, 
which  has  been  on  a  dividend  paying  basis  almost  from  the 
start,  and  is  now  one  of  the  best  paying  propositions  in  the 
West. 

During  the  year  1900  Mr.  Jacobs  built  a  short  line  at 
Bingham,  Utah,  connecting  with  the  Rio  Grande  Western 
Railway.  The  line  is  known  as  the  Copper  Belt  Railroad. 


cent,  and  some  40-degree  curves.  It  is  operated  with  Shay 
engines,  and  150  tons  of  ore  are  handled  in  one  trainload. 
Mr.  Jacobs  operated  the  line  successfully  until  1901,  when 
it  was  purchased  by  the  Bingham  Copper  and  Gold  Mining 
Company. 

Mr.  Jacobs'  interests,  while  largely  concentered  in  the 
various  railroads  which  he  has  built  and  managed,  are  by 
no  means  confined  to  these  limits.  His  liberal  investments 


THE   SALT   LAKE   AND    MERCUR    RAILROAD. 


and  was  built  for  the  purpose  of  hauling  ore  rrom  the  high 
mountains  upon  which  the  great  camp  of  Bingham  is  situ- 
ated to  the  terminus  of  the  Rio  Grande  road  in  the  canyon 
below.  In  an  engineering  way  the  Copper  Belt  road  even 
surpassed  the  feats  accomplished  on  the  Salt  Lake  and 
Mercur  line.  The  road  has  a  maximum  grade  of  7.4  per 


have  contributed  to  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
entire  Commonwealth.  Coming  to  Utah  twelve  years  ago, 
he  demonstrated  the  value  of  energy,  foresight  and  pluck 
in  building  a  railroad  that  has  proven  of  great  value  to  the 
city,  and  when  Mercur  presented  its  opportunity,  by  build- 
ing and  operating  the  Salt  Lake  and  Mercur  Railroad 


THE  DALY-JUDGE  MINE. 


AMONG    Utah    mines,    and    especially    those    of    the 
Park  City  district,  none  are  attracting  more  attention 
at  the  present  time  than  the  Daly-Judge.  If  there  is  any 
advantage  in  good  location — and  the  history  of  mining  has 
demonstrated    beyond    a    doubt    that    there    is — the    prac- 
tically undeveloped  properties  in  the  vicinity  of  such  mines 
as  the  Ontario,  Daly,  Daly-West  and  Quincy  should  have 
a  great  future.     Such  a  property  is  the  Daly-Judge,  adjoin- 
ing the  Daly-West,  and  whose  surface  covers  the  veins  of 
all  these  great  mines. 

The  Daly-Judge  Company  was  incorporated  November, 
1901,  under  the  laws  of  New  Jersey,  with  John  J.  Daly, 
President;  O.  J.  Salisbury,  Vice-President;  Dr.  Allan 
Fowler,  Treasurer,  and  George  W.  Lambourne,  Secretary. 
The  company  owned  265  acres  of  patented  ground  situated 
south  of  the  Anchor  property  (which  is  now  a  portion  of 
the  Daly-Judge  Company's  holdings)  and  comprising 
twenty-six  patented  claims.  The  property  was  undeveloped, 


but  from  surface  indications  and  the  trend  of  the  veins  as 
they  passed  through  the  adjoining  territory  it  was  acknowl- 
edged to  be  a  most  valuable  piece  of  property. 

The  principal  owners  of  the  Daly-Judge  Company 
early  opened  negotiations  with  the  Anchor  management 
for  the  consolidation  of  that  company's  interests  with 
their  own  recently  formed  company,  and  in  April,  1902,  were 
successful  in  bringing  the  matter  to  an  issue,  with  the 
result  that  a  mining  deal  involving  a  cash  outlay  of  more 
than  $750,000,  and  including  the  transfer  of  the  Anchor 
Mining  Company's  possessions  and  a  one-fourth  interest 
in  the  Daly-Judge  Company's  territory,  was  consummated. 
The  vastness  of  the  property  which  is  thus  embraced  in 
the  holdings  of  the  Daly-Judge  Company  can  best  be  com- 
prehended when  it  is  known  that  it  covers  an  area  as 
great  as  the  holdings  of  the  famous  Ontario,  Daly,  Daly- 
West  and  Quincy  Companies  combined.  It  comprises  more 
than  100  patented  claims  and  stretches  out  for  nearly  three 


IO4 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


miles  along  the  strike  of  the  great  ledges  opened  and  be- 
ing mined  in  the  properties  of  the  companies  mentioned. 

In  acquiring  the  interests  of  the  Anchor  Mining  Com- 
pany the  Daly-Judge  made  a  master  stroke.  The  Anchor 
Mining  Company  was  incorporated  in  1885  with  150.000 
shares  of  stock  at  the  par  value  of  $10  each.  The  claims 
held  by  the  company  comprised  some  95  in  number  and 
covered  an  area  of  950  acres,  all  covered  by  United  States 
patents.  It  also  Included  mill  sites,  water  and  timber  land 
and  Park  City  real  estate.  The  mine  had  been  well  devel- 
oped, five  years  having  been  spent  in  exploring  the  property 
before  the  extraction  of  ore  commenced,  since  which  time 
it  has  produced  upwards  of  $2.500,000. 

The  main  working  shaft  of  the  company  has  been  sunk 


prospecting  done,  while  the  North  Vein  has  never  been 
prospected  farther  than  by  one  cross  drift  passing  through 
it  at  a  point  on  the  tunnel  level  1,200  feet  below  the  surface, 
and  at  that  place  it  showed  strong.  The  South  Vein  is  a 
well-defined  fissure  from  which  several  thousand  tons  of 
ore  have  been  taken  from  the  very  small  space  in  which  it 
has  been  worked.  The  ore  bodies  wherever  found  usually 
prove  very  large  and  continuous.  One  ore  chute  found  in 
this  property  has  been  followed  over  3,000  feet  in  this  and 
an  adjoining  mine,  with  both  faces  still  in  ore,  giving  every 
evidence  of  continued  productiveness  for  great  distances 
farther. 

The  surface  improvements  are  modern  in  every   par- 
ticular, and  photographs  of  the  principal  buildings  and  the 


VIKWS  OF  THE   DALV-JfOCiE. 


to  a  depth  of  1.650  feet.  It  Is  a  three-compartment  shaft 
ami  In  equipped  with  double  deck  cages  of  the  latest  pat- 
tern. The  major  portion  of  the  development  work  has 
been  done  on  the  1.200.  or  tunnel  level.  There  are  over 

••     '     ei        •   .  •  i-  ::•        iMttMl     .iii>!     «  :ii  '••-     in     ill.- 

mine,  and  Immense  quantities  of  ore  blocked  out.  There 
I*  a  drain  tunnel  In  the  property  8.000  feet  In  length  which 
obviate*  the  expense  of  maintaining  an  expensive  pumping 
plant,  and  the  total  openings  In  the  mine  exceed  37.000  feet. 
There  are  three  well-defined  ore  bearing  lodes  within 
the  side  line*  of  the  property  known  a*  the  South  Vein. 
North  Vein  and  Contact  Vein.  The  greater  part  of  the 
ore  has  been  taken  from  the  middle  or  Contact  Vein,  and 
even  on  thin  vein  there  ha*  been  but  comparatively  little 


mill  are  reproduced  In  connection  with  this  article.  The 
main  shaft  house  and  hoisting  works  are  equal  to  any  In 
the  district,  and  have  been  Installed  with  proper  machinery 
necessary  for  deep  mining.  A  water  system  bring*  an 
abundant  supply  of  water  under  pressure  from  lakes  some 
two  miles  distant,  owned  l>\  tin-  company,  and  furnishes 
the  hoisting  works  and  the  mill  with  all  that  Is  required. 

The  Daly-Judge  Is  making  history  every  day.  and  there 
will  not  be  a  time  for  many  year*  to  come  when  Its  career 
will  not  present  something  new  and  crisp.  As  Its  develop- 
ment progresses  Its  possibilities  expand,  and  there  Is  no 
man  who  will  today  prophesy  a  limit  to  Its  production 
Concerning  It*  destiny  but  one  thing  Is  determinate,  and 
that  Is  Its  absolute  success  a*  a  treat  producer. 


IT  IS  not  so  many  years  ago  that  every  live  stock  man  in 
Utah  knew  by  practical  experience  what  life  on  the 
range  meant.     Today  it  is  more  or  less  of  a  memory 
with  him,  though  it  still  has  application  and  existence  in  re- 
moter portions  of  the  state,  where  grazing  has  not  been 
wiped  out  by  the  various  encroachments  that  have  pushed  it 
farther  and  farther  toward  the  border.    From  this  opening 
the  reader  will  infer  that  it  is  the  cattle  raising  business 
that  is  especially  referred  to  here.     But  there  is  no  real 


they  were  monarchs  of  all  they  surveyed;  when  the  cow- 
boy on  his  cayuse,  clad  in  "shaps,"  buckskin  shirt,  high- 
heeled  boots,  and  sun-breaking  sombrero,  equipped  with 
deep-gouging  spurs,  quirt  and  lariat,  and  armed  with  revol- 
ver and  knife,  was  the  same  dashing,  reckless,  picturesque 
daredevil  that  he  is  in  Mexico,  Texas,  Wyoming  and  Mon- 
tana today.  But  that  time  has  passed  forever.  The  cattle- 
man still  has  large  ranches  in  many  cases.  But  they  are 
his  own;  that  is,  the  vast  stretches  over  which  his  herds 


EARLY  OCCUPANTS  OF  THE  RANGE. 


reason  why  the  term  should  not  include  the  sheepmen  as 
well,  for  he,  too,  is  a  man  of  the  range — in  fact,  is  more  so 
today  than  he  who  devotes  his  time  to  the  horse  and  cattle 
industry.  His  flocks  cover  more  of  the  mountain  ranges 
in  the  summer  time  and  vastly  more  of  the  snow  spotted 
desert  in  winter  than  do  the  herds  of  cattle  and  bands  of 
horses.  There  was  a  time  in  Utah  when  cattle  owners 
had  great  ranches  and  occupied  the  most  of  a  county;  when 


roam  are  either  his  by  purchase  or  lease  from  the  Govern- 
ment, State  or  railroads.  Formerly  they  belonged  to 
"Uncle  Sam,"  and  the  stockman  simply  appropriated  them 
to  his  own  use  and  profit  until  the  advent  of  new  condi- 
tions. With  the  change  came  a  thinning  out  of  the  cowboy 
and  an  increase  of  the  sheep  herder,  who  crowded  him 
closely  in  all  parts  of  the  State  and  not  infrequently  dis- 
puted bis  right  to  monopolize  public  lands,  with  the  result 


io6 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    KMPIRK 


that  a  most  cordial  dislike  grew  up  between  the  two 
classes.  Occasionally  there  were  clashes  that  accentuated 
the  strained  relations.  But  they  were  not  frequent,  in  the 
comparative  sense,  or  fraught  with  the  sanguinary  conse- 
quences that  later  attended  the  differences  between  cattle 
and  sheep  men  in  other  States  where  these  industries 
predominate.  All  Utah's  neighbors  have  suffered  from 
these  feuds,  and  the  difficulties  that  have  arisen  have  at 
times  been  very  grave,  while  the  loss  of  life  has  often  been 
considerable.  The  story  of  how  such  strife  was  averted 
In  Utah  is  well  known  to  stockmen,  and  is  not  uninterest- 
ing to  those  who  do  not  know  and  who  have  not  tried  the 
experiment.  It  was  most  successful  here.  It  can  be  made 
just  as  successful  elsewhere.  The  cattlemen  of  Utah  saw 
that  they  were  going  to  be  overwhelmed  by  the  sheepmen; 
that  they  could  not  cope  with  them  when  It  came  to  pitting 


cattlemen  of  Utah  are  today  among  the  heaviest  sheep 
owners,  and  they  are  prospering  in  both  lines  of  the  busi- 
ness. Thus  have  threatening  conflicts  and  diverse  interests 
been  merged  and  settled  for  good  and  all. 

THE  BUSINESS  IN  OLDEN  TIMES. 

The  live  stock  business  has  been  an  interesting  and 
profitable  calling  ever  since  the  day  that  Jacob  drove  a 
sharp  yet  justifiable  bargain  with  Laban,  his  father-in-law, 
who  compelled  him  to  work  fourteen  years  for  his  two 
daughters, Leah,  the  tender-eyed  and  eldest,  and  Rachel,  the 
beautiful  and  well  favored,  the  younger  of  the  two.  It  is 
related  In  Sacred  Writ  that  Jacob  loved  Rachel  and  offered 
to  work  seven  years  for  her,  a  proposition  that  the  shrewd 
and  far-seeing  Lahan  readily  agreed  to.  When  the  long 
period  was  past  and  the  semi-darkness  of  a  night  feast 


A   COWBOY   OUTFIT   PRKPARKD  FOR   A  -ROUND   II-    ' 


herds  against  flocks — for  the  latter  completely  unflt  the 
r.-iiiKi-H  for  the  former.  Every  cattleman  knows  that  a  cow, 
calf  or  steer  will  flee  from  the  coming  of  sheep  as  man  will 
from  pestilence.  Every  sheepman  knows  the  same  thing, 
with  him  that  knowledge  Is  power.  He  has  seen  the  cattle- 
man give  way  here  and  there,  and  found  himself  In  posses- 
sion of  what  he  wanted — the  range.  But  the  cattleman 
of  Utah  was  not  Blow  to  analyze  the  situation.  He  had 
i,n,\.-, i  that  Hi-  way  to  flght  the  sheepman  was  not  with 
cowboys,  who  In  some  sections  of  the  country  are  made 
up  of  outlaws  and  "rustlers"  who  would  rather  "kill  their 
roan."  especially  If  that  man  were  a  sheepherder,  than 
tln'.v  would  shoot  a  jack  rabbit  or  eat  their  breakfast  when 
hungry.  They  saw  that  the  way  to  fight  sheep  was  with 
sheep.  They  realized,  too.  that  there  was  quite  as  much 
money.  If  not  more.  In  sheep  than  In  cattle.  BO  they  sold 
part  of  their  cattle  and  bought  sheep,  and  with  the  latter 
hemmed  In  the  former  and  thus  became  cattle  and  sheep- 
men both.  It  was  an  easy  solution  of  a  serious  and  complex 
problem;  It  was  carried  BO  far  that  some  of  the  i.aavlest 


reigned.  Laban  led  not  Rachel  but  Leah  unto  the  awaiting 
and  unsuspecting  groom  who  did  not  discover  the  decep- 
tion until  after  daylight  on  the  morrow.  Then  the  new 
son-in-law  asked  for  a  bill  of  particulars  and  was  told 
blandly  by  Pater  Laban  that  the  laws  and  customs  of  the 
nmntry  were  such  that  the  younger  could  not  have  such 
preference  over  the  first-born,  and  that  if  he  wanted  the 
latter  he  must  serve  an  additional  seven  years.  It  IB  evi- 
dent that  Jacob  was  an  ardent  suitor,  as  he  rounded  up 
his  shoulders  and  went  to  work  with  the  will  and  determl 
nation  of  the  young  cavalier  that  he  was.  Finally  the  day 
came  when  he  had  discharged  his  obligations  to  I<aban. 
and  he  was  given  Rachel  also.  Then  he  was  happy  HI* 
days  for  tending  flocks  and  herds  In  a  menial  capacity 
mlrly  w.-ll  over,  as  the  sequel  showed.  When  I-aban. 
who  had  become  a  real  tw>>nlii>ili  century  rattle  and  sheep 
king,  admitted  that  he  had  been  prospered  for  Jacob's  sake, 
and  that  he  was  willing  to  recompense  the  young  man 
therefor,  the  latter  simply  asked  that  he  be  permitted  to 
pass  through  the  flocks  and  herds  of  his  father-in-law  and 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


107 


remove  therefrom  all  that  were  speckled  and  spotted, 
ring-streaked  and  brown,  and  accept  them  and  all  Increase 
of  like  color  thereafter  in  payment  for  what  he  had  done. 
Laban,  who  had  become  wholly  repentant  and  contrite, 
consented  to  what  seemed  the  easiest  kind  of  an  act  to 
square  accounts.  Then  came  Jacob's  cunning  into  play. 
It  will  be  remembered  how  he  set  rods  of  green  poplar, 
hazel  and  chestnut,  filled  with  white  streaks,  in  the  gutters 
and  watering  troughs  where  the  herds  and  flocks  came  to 
drink,  and  how  this  ante-propagation  method  is  said  to 
have  resulted  in  speckled  and  spotted,  ring-streaked  and 
brown  increase  only,  until  the  grazing  and  range  lands 
roundabout  resembled  a  great  leopard  skin.  Many  times 
since  that  notable  feat  in  the  live  stock  business,  have 
others  tried  to  increase  their  holdings  in  cattle  and  sheep 
by  means  that  would  scarcely  stand  the  test  of  the  code  of 


were  led  hither  under  a  wagon  by  a  Mormon  Pioneer  who 
is  still  living,  and  whose  home  is  in  Heber  City  of  this 
State. 

In  the  early  settlement  of  the  Territory,  efforts  were 
made  to  secure  standard  bred  stock,  and  many  animals 
of  all  kinds  were  imported  in  the  line  of  thoroughbreds; 
soon  Utah  was  looked  upon  by  surrounding  sections  as  a 
supply  center  for  cattle  whose  beef  and  milk  qualities  were 
sought  after,  and  a  place  where  good  horses  could  be 
obtained  for  bettering  the  cayuse  breeds  that  were  so 
numerous  all  over  the  West.  A  little  later  a  finer  class 
of  sheep  was  also  brought  here;  and  now  Utah  sheep  are 
little  less  than  famous  for  wool  and  mutton  producing 
qualities.  The  State  is  splendidly  adapted  for  raising 
sheep  on  a  large  scale.  It  has  mountain  ranges  in 
the  tops  of  which  hundreds  of  thousands  are  taken 


A   SCENE  ON   THE   UTAH   RANGE. 


correct  dealing.  "Rustlers"  have  rustled  with  results  that 
have  been  both  profitable  and  disastrous.  Mavericks  have 
been  rounded  up  and  branded  without  number.  "Robbers 
Roosters"  and  "Hole-in-the-Wall  Gangs"  have  existed  in  all 
countries  from  time  immemorial,  but  Jacob's  great  accom- 
plishment has  never  been  equaled.  Besides  he,  as  unfold- 
ing events  proved,  acted  wisely  and  well,  and  made  things 
right  with  the  supposedly  injured  party,  something  that 
is  not  done  by  the  rustling,  maverick-chasing  cowboy  of 
questionable  ethics  and  modern  times. 

THE  SHEEP  INDUSTRY  IN  UTAH. 

The  introduction  of  cattle  and  sheep  into  Utah  would 
be  an  interesting  narrative  in  itself.  But  briefest  reference 
to  it  only  can  be  made  in  an  article  like  this.  Suffice  it 
to  say  that  they  came  with  the  Pioneers,  who  brought  them 
from  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Valley  regions  and  that 
cows  and  calves  were  sometimes  made  to  divide  the  work 
of  drawing  heavy  wagons  across  the  plains  and  through 
the  mountains,  with  the  oxen  and  the  horses.  It  is  an 
instructive  fact  that  the  first  three  sheep  brought  to  Utah 


during  the  summer  months  for  the  softer  and  greener 
browsing  and  which  puts  on  the  fat  and  starts  the  growth 
of  wool  that  means  so  much  when  the  bleak  winter  winds 
arrive.  When  the  flocks  are  driven  from  the  high  ranges 
early  in  the  autumn,  on  the  appearance  of  the  first  snow, 
they  are  usually  halted  on  the  plateaus  between  range  and 
valley  until  the  temperature  becomes  low  enough,  and  the 
snow  deep  enough  to  push  out  into  the  great  American 
Desert,  which  furnishes  a  very  good  winter  range  when 
the  snowfall  is  sufficient.  It  is  rarely  too  deep.  The 
reverse  condition  is  rather  true  than  otherwise.  When 
spring  rolls  round  again  there  is  once  more  a  movement 
toward  the  mountains  with  a  few  weeks  of  waiting  in  the 
intervening  country,  for  snow  to  melt  and  the  grass  to 
grow,  which  is  just  prior  to  the  important  time  of  lambing 
and  the  usually  profitable  time  of  shearing.  These  are 
periods  that  require  the  most  careful  attention.  In  a  single 
week,  or  day  even,  a  careless  herder  may  cost  his  employer 
many  times  the  amount  of  his  wages  for  an  entire  year. 
When  a  cold  storm  suddenly  arises  the  failure  to  get  the 
flock  under  a  protecting  hill  or  in  some  sheltering  hollow 


io8 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


may  be  attended  with  the  most  disastrous  consequences. 
So,  too.  with  shearing,  when  weather  conditions  are  not 
favorable. 

While  the  sheep  business  has  proved  itself  one 
of  the  most  profitable  industries  in  the  State,  while  it  has 
enriched  many  and  given  employment  to  very  many  more, 
It  requires  a  vast  amount  of  care — much  more  care  than 
skill,  though  skill  Is  by  no  means  an  unnecessary  quantity. 
Many  of  the  wealthiest  sheep  men  in  Utah  today  are  men 
who  had  little  or  no  capital  to  begin  with.  It  was  simply  a 
case  of  sticking  to  it  early  and  late  and  all  the  time.  In  two 
or  three  years  their  herds  of  twenties  had  gone  into 
hundreds,  and  In  a  few  years  more  their  hundreds  had 
reached  thousands;  and  when  thousands  are  attained  In 
the  sheep  business,  money  making  comes  fast  and  easy, 
providing  the  care  heretofore  referred  to  Is  given.  If 
it  is  not.  there  are  few  enterprises  in  which  the  Western 


the  three  States  named.  Mr.  Smith  estimates  that  they 
bring  $10,000,000  annually  into  this  State,  as  proceeds 
from  mutton  and  wool. 

THE   HERDER'S  HUMDRUM   AND  PROSAIC   LIFE. 

The  life  of  a  sheep  herder  of  modern  times  is  not 
vested  with  the  romantic  and  poetic  fancy  and  senti- 
ment that  were  thrown  about  it  when  the  tender  of 
sheep  was  known  as  a  "shepherd,"  and  not  as  a  "herder," 
and  when  he  carried  a  crook  and  was  looked  upon  as  a  man. 
meek,  mild  and  wise.  He  may  possess  some  of  these 
qualities  today,  but  it  is  a  fact  readily  admitted  by  him- 
self that  he  does  not  display  all  of  them  all  of  the  time. 
When  he  reads  about  his  gentle  predecessors,  he  is  per- 
plexed. He  wonders  at  their  meekness;  their  mildness 
mystifies  him;  their  wisdom  is  beyond  his  ken.  He  is 
glad  to  know  they  had  these  virtues,  and  marvels  when  he 


A   FLOCK  OF  UTAH   LAMBS. 


farmer  and  stock  grower  can  engage,  that  afford  him  better 
opportunity  to  lose  hltt  hard  earned  dollars.  But  an 
Investment  of  five  hundred  dollars  judiciously  made,  with 
the  aid  of  a  couple  of  low  priced  but  faithful  herders  can 
easily.  In  the  course  of  five  yean,  be  made  to  reach  flve 
thousand  dollars;  anil  when  this  amount  has  been  reached, 
a  further  Increase  Is  still  more  rapid. 

Utah  men  own  more  sheep  today  than  the  citizens  of 
any  other  State  with  the  single  exception  of  Montana, 
though  they  are  not  all  ranged  within  the  borders  of  Utah. 
A  great  many  of  the  sheep  that  find  subsistence  In 
Wyoming  and  Idaho,  both  excellent  sheep  growing  states. 
arc  tin-  property  of  Utah  men.  The  number  of  sheep  owned 
In  Utah  at  present  (1902).  according  to  official  Information 
furniMlMMi  by  President  Jesse  M.  Smith  of  the  Utah  Wool 
Growers'  Association.  Is  about  what  It  was  when  the  census 
was  taken  two  years  ago — 3.818,423.  The  number  owned 
by  Utah  men  In  Idaho  will  exceed  1.000,000.  while  more 
than  1,000,000  head  are  owned  by  Utah  men  In  Wyoming, 
making  a  total  of  at  least  6,000,000  owned  by  Utah  men  In 


thinks  there  was  a  decided  shrinkage  In  them  before  In- 
got his  quota.  He  sees  little  poetry  In  life,  and  cares  less 
for  what  he  does  see.  But  he  Is  not  without  sentiment 
or  human  sympathy.  Few  men  will  respond  more  quickly 
to  a  case  of  worthy  charity  than  he.  and  few,  when  driven 
to  a  corner,  will  stand  up  more  courageously  for  his 
rights.  His  life  Is  generally  lonely  and  retired — and  bit- 
want*  are  not  many;  but  he  likes  to  live  well,  and  his 
employer  Is  generally  of  a  disposition  that  permits  him  to 
do  so.  Better  still,  he  likes  his  faithful  dog  and  trusty 
rifle.  Without  them  he  could  not — would  not  be  a  henli'r 
It  has  been  a  common  thing  to  attribute  gross  Ignorance 
to  the  xlieepbenler  of  in. lay  That  In  a  mistake  that  Is 
made  by  Ignorant  persons  onl>.  Tin-re  are  men  of  that 
class  In  the  calling.  But  many  of  them  are  great  readers, 
deep  thinkers  and  shrewd  observers.  They  live  close  to 
nature,  and  know  It  far  better  than  many  a  man  with  a 
scholastic  education  and  scientific  training.  They  study 
the  stars  and  note  the  slightest  change  In  meterologlcal 
conditions  with  an  ease  and  certainty  that  mere  astronoml- 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


109 


cal  theorists  and  everyday  weather  clerks  never  experi- 
ence. The  modern  sheepherder  may  be  as  distinct  a  type 
today  as  was  the  shepherd  who  tended  the  flocks  and 
associated  with  the  wise  men,  before  the  advent  of  the 
Christian  era.  He  doubtless  is.  But  in  that  distinctness 
and  behind  the  gruff  and  sometimes  unpolished  exterior  that 
he  displays,  is  a  man  who  can  almost  invariably  be  trusted, 
no  matter  how  great  is  his  temptation  to  do  wrong. 

WHERE  CATTLE  ROAM   IN   PASTURES  GREEN. 

Now  for  the  cattle  industry.  The  business  is  in  a 
healthy  state  of  progress  in  Utah  at  the  present  time.  As 
has  been  intimated,  it  is  conducted  in  sections  of  the 
country  much  more  restricted  than  formerly — upon  areas 
of  land  less  expansive.  As  a  consequence,  the  loss  is  also 
less;  for  in  the  days  when  cattle  roamed  at  large,  and  when 
they  had  to  subsist  in  wintertime  on  what  they  could 


though  feeding  is  of  longer  duration  when  marketing  of 
beef  is  contemplated.  While  the  range  raised  steer  is  still 
sought  after  and  profitable,  he  is  invariably  made  better 
by  feeding,  which  is  done  on  the  largest  scale  in  the 
alfalfa  and  sugar  beet  sections,  though  considerable  corn, 
both  Utah  and  Eastern,  is  now  being  used  for  fattening 
purposes.  Many  of  the  leading  farmers  of  the  State  are 
finding  that  the  business  pays  well,  and  are  planning  for 
the  future  in  this  direction.  Never  in  the  history  of  the 
State  was  there  so  large  and  varied  a  selection  of  cattle 
as  at  the  recent  annual  exposition  given  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Deseret  Agricultural  and  Manu- 
facturing Society ;  and  never  were  there  so  many 
high  class  and  pure  bred  animals.  Some  of  them 
were  prize  winners  in  a  number  of  States,  and  all  attracted 
the  attention  of  visitors  from  far  and  near.  Sales  are 
constantly  being  made  of  high  bred  animals  to  breeders 


GEO.   M.   CANNON'S   PRIZE  JERSEYS  AT   UTAH  STATE   FAIR,  1902. 


rustle  from  the  range  in  snow  that  was  deep  and  winds 
that  were  cold,  many  died  from  exposure  and  want.  Now, 
particularly  in  the  northern  half  of  the  State,  where  the 
business  is  carried  on  most  extensively,  they  are  fed  upon 
the  ranches  during  the  severest  weather.  While  the  cost 
is  greater  than  the  range  grazing  practice  that  hitherto 
prevailed,  the  returns  are  also  greater,  and  the  animals 
are  of  better  quality;  for  the  man  who  sees  his  cattle 
every  day  and  watches  them  grow  from  calves  to  cows 
and  steers  wants  to  see  good  animals.  He  takes  pride  in 
the  thoroughbred,  but  the  scrawny  "runt"  is  always  an 
eyesore  to  him,  so  to  speak.  Utah  is  now  shipping  a  great 
many  cattle  to  the  packing  house  centers  of  Chicago, 
Kansas  City,  Omaha  and  Denver,  and  those  who  are  thus 
engaged  are  making  it  pay. 

Range  conditions  are  still  such  in  Utah,  however,  that 
grazing  is  practicable  for  about  eight  months  in  the  year 
in  the  northern  tier  of  counties,  and  even  more  than  that 
in  the  far  south.  Some  of  the  best  herds  are  thus  raised 


all  over  the  North  and  Northwest.  The  number  of  cattle 
in  Utah  at  the  present  time  is  about  400,000  head,  with  a 
total  value,  approximated,  of  $9,000,000. 

A  unique  experiment  in  cattle  breeding  is  now  being 
carried  on  very  profitably  on  one  of  the  islands  of  the 
Great  Salt  Lake,  namely,  the  crossing  of  a  domesticated 
herd  of  buffaloes  with  Polled  Angus,  Hereford  and  Short 
Horn  strains.  In  general  appearance  the  first  named  is 
more  nearly  like  the  buffalo  than  any  of  the  others,  except 
as  to  color,  and  the  result  is  an  animal  that  looks  quite 
three-fourths  buffalo.  But  a  better  animal  results  from 
crossing  the  buffalo  with  the  two  other  breeds  than  with 
the  Polled  Angus.  A  distinct  and  pure  bred  buffalo  herd  is 
also  being  raised.  It  is  probably  the  best  of  its  kind  in 
America,  and  is  doubtless  doing  more  to  preserve  and 
perpetuate  the  last  remnants  of  that  magnificent  animal 
that  was  once  the  glory  and  pride  of  the  prairie  and  plains, 
but  whose  remorseless  slaughter  followed  in  the  wake  of 
civilization  as  it  marched  across  the  continent,  building 


no 


UTAH— THE    INLAND    EMPIRE 


cities  and  founding  States.  The  buffaloes  thus  reared  upon 
the  Island  find  a  ready  market  in  the  larger  cities,  where 
they  are  placed  in  the  public  parks  and  occasionally  in 
game  preserves,  not  to  be  hunted  down,  but  as  representa- 
tives and  reminders  of  a  noble  animal  now  almost  extinct 

PASSING   OF  THE    MUSTANG. 

A  quarter  of  a  century  ago  Western  America  teemed 
with  the  wild  mustang.    Not  a  State,  not  a  Territory  in  the 


CEO.  M.  CANNON'S  PRIZE  JERSEY  COW. 

region  that  did  not  have  him  In  numbers  great.  In  Utah 
the  canyons  had  him  In  the  summer  months  where  he  waxed 
fat,  haughty  and  defiant.  The  desert  was  his  home  In 
winter,  where  he  ran  off  much  of  the  flesh  accumulated 
from  the  succulent  grasses  of  the  mountains.  He  belonged" 
to  whomever  could  capture,  brand  and  sub- 
due him;  and  this  is  true  In  Southern  Utah 
today,  where,  by  reason  of  bis  numbers,  he 
IB  a  menace  to  the  range.  Accordingly  he 
Is  hunted  down  In  the  winter  time  and  shot 
to  death  by  the  hundred;  sometimes  by  the 
thousands.  His  body  Is  skinned  and  his  car- 
cass left  to  decay  upon  the  sands  and  alkali 
of  the  desert.  The  reason  of  this  apparent 
wanton  slaughter  Is  that  the  range  Is  needed 
for  cattle  and  sheep  and  for  horses  of  better 
breed.  The  mustang  of  Southern  Utah  looks 
upon  man  as  his  natural  i-in'iny.  and  Is  off 
at  a  speed  astonishing  at  his  approach. 
There  are  Incidents  In  the  chase  which 
brings  about  his  destruction  that  are  thrill- 
Ing  In  the  extreme,  and  as  exciting  as  any 
stag  hunt  that  ever  took  place.  Those  wild 
kings  of  the  desert — whence  came  they? 
Some  wandered  away  from  the  Spaniards  of 
M. -xn  n  In  the  long  ago.  Some  came  from  tired 
and  worn  out  animals  left  to  die  along  the 
trails  of  the  emigrants  In  the  carry  settlement 
of  Utah  and  California.  Occasionally  there 
were  some  One  specimens  among  these  latter,  with  the 
result  that  now  and  again  a  really  excellent  animal  Is 
found  In  the  ilrsert  hands  of  today.  When  he  Is  discovered 
the  hunt  Is  usually  prolonged.  r»r  he  Is  fleet  of  foot  and 
good  of  wind,  as  well  as  long  maned  and  proud  of  spirit 
But  his  day.  too.  Ilka  that  of  the  bison.  Is  numbered.  It 


is  only  a  question  of  years  until  he  will  be  annihilated. 
He  cannot  last  a  great  while  under  the  terrific  onslaught 
that  is  being  waged  against  him.  Recently  a  goodly 
number  of  these  hard  knotted,  wiry  beasts  were  sent  with 
many  better  Utah  horses  to  far  off  Africa,  having  been 
purchased  for  war  purposes  by  the  British  Government 
Very  many  of  the  horses  of  the  State  have  been  bred  up 
from  mustang  origin  and  are  decidedly  serviceable.  But 
for  the  past  two  decades  there  has  been  much  attention 
given  to  the  raising  of  animals  of  pure  blood 
only.  These  comprise  all  of  the  standard 
breeds  of  draft,  driving,  riding  and  racing 
animals.  Among  them  are  specimens  'that 
cannot  fail  to  attract  the  attention  and  ex- 
cite the  admiration  of  the  lovers  of  the  best 
horseflesh. 

It  has  been  claimed  that  the  days  of  the 
horse  are  over,  that  he  will  be  replaced  by 
the  automobile,  the  bicycle  and  other  mod- 
ern transportation  mediums.  That  claim  a 
few  years  ago  resulted  in  the  sale  and  ex- 
portation at  very  low  figures  of  thousands 
of  Utah  horses,  and  a  general  decrease  in 
the  number  throughout  the  State.  But  a 
change  of  sentiment  came,  and  the  value  of 
horses  went  up  again.  At  present  there  is 
&  good  local  as  well  as  outside  demand  for 
^r  them,  and  it  is  doubtful  whether  they  will 

ever  become  as  cheap  again  as  they  were 
ten  years  ago.  This  welcome  change  has 
caused  a  marked  impetus  in  the  business  of 
horse  raising,  and  while  the  industry  Is  not 
what  It  once  was  from  the  number  standpoint,  it  promises 
to  be  more  profitable  than  during  any  previous  period. 
Meanwhile  automobiles,  bicycles  and  transportation  what- 
nots of  modern  manufacture  may  come  and  go,  but  the 
horse,  who  has  been  the  companion,  friend  and  servant 
of  man  from  a  period  that  antedates  written  history,  will 


CIO.   M.  I-KI/I    MM  KIR. 

retain  his  place  In  the  hearts  and  service  of  humanity. 


Il- 


ls the  noblest  of  all  animals,  and  Is  destined  to  live  while 
humanity  lives.  And  so  we  say,  may  his  future  be  linked 
in..;-  closely  with  that  of  man  In  the  coming  and  going 
of  the  ages,  and  may  his  grace,  beauty  and  usefulness 
en il u  re  forever. 


